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Topic: Crimean Karaites

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	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference
		Karaite Judaism or Karaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by the sole reliance on the Tanakh as scripture, and the rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmud) as halakha (Legally Binding, i.e.
		Karaite Jews were able to obtain independent autonomy from Rabbinical Jews in the Muslim world and establish their own institutions, and even forced the yeshivas to move to Ramle.
		During the 10th and 11th Centuries, Karaite Jews in Spain had become "a force to be reckoned with." In Castile, high-ranking Rabbinical Jews such as Joseph Ferrizuel persuaded the king to allow the persecution and expulsion of Karaite Jews.
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=Karaite_Judaism (2146 words)

	Euro-Asian Jewish Congress - «JEWS OF EURO-ASIA» (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Karaite movement emerged approximately in the middle of the 8th century AD in Baghdad, in the territory of the Abbasid caliphate as a counterbalance to the rabbinical (Talmudic) Judaism — the dominating form of Jewish religion.
		However, the Karaites sent a number of ambassadors to the tsar with the purpose of separation of the Karaites from the rest of the Jewish population of the Russian Empire.
		The main arguments of the representatives of the Karaite community was the fact that the Karaites did not recognize the authority of the Talmud (which in the opinion of the Russian authorities was the main enemy of Christianity) as well as the privileges that Karaites enjoyed from the previous authorities (Lithuanian princes and Crimean khans).
	www.eajc.org /publish_gen_e.php?rowid=100 (3074 words)

	Crimean Khanate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: Qırım Hanlığı; Russian: Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; Ukrainian: Кримське ханство - Kryms'ke khanstvo; Turkish: Kırım Hanlığı) was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783.
		In the 16th century the Crimean khanate pretended to be the successor authority of the former Golden Horde territory, Ulugh Yurt and hence over the Mongol khanates of Caspian-Volga region, particularly the Kazan Khanate and Astrakhan Khanate.
		The rule of the last Crimean khan Şahin Giray was marked with increasing Russian influence and outbursts of violence from the side of the khan administration towards internal opposition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crimean_Khanate (2026 words)

	Israel's 30,000 Karaites follow Bible, not Talmud
		Karaites are enjoined from any activity not forming part of the prayer service or not absolutely essential for the satisfaction of physical needs.
		First the Karaites were concentrated in the Byzantine Empire, and later they established a presence in the Crimea and Lithuania, usually in close cooperation with rabbinic Jews.
		The inequality between the two groups grew larger in 1827 when the Crimean Karaites were exempted from the general military draft law, a privilege that was not extended to the rabbinic Jews.
	qumran.com /Karaite_Information/israels_karaites.htm (1302 words)

	Crimean Karaites - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turkic speaking Karaites (in the Crimean Tatar language, Qaraylar) have lived in Crimea for centuries.
		Some regard them as descendants of Karaite Jews who settled in Crimea and adopted a form of the Kypchak tongue (see Karaim language).
		Members of the community served in the military forces of the Crimean Khanate and of Lithuania.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crimean_Karaites (1617 words)

	Conferences and Symposia
		The decision was finally made by the Reichsfuehrer SS Himmler: the Karaites were left alone on the grounds of their non-Jewish origin and their tense connections with the Crimean Moslem group of Tatars who served on the German side.
		It seems that the EG transferred the Karaite and Krymchak question to the higher authorities because to grant such an exemption for the whole group was the exclusive prerogative of the highest Reich authorities.
		It is interesting that the Karaites fared well even after the Soviet rule: after their return in 1944 the ever-suspecting Soviet authorities seemed to overlook the Karaites’ collaboration with the Germans and the former were not only deported from the Crimea like other nations accused of collaboration but regarded on a par with Jews, i.
	www1.yadvashem.org /about_yad/departments/institute/kiril_feferman.html (3500 words)

	Karaite Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The adherents of Karaite Judaism rely on the Tanakh as the sole scripture.
		Karaites believe that it is inconceivable that an Oral Law could have been remembered when the written Law was forgotten.
		During the 10th and 11th Centuries, Karaite Jews in Spain had become "a force to be reckoned with." In Castile, High ranking Rabbinical Jews such as Joseph Ferrizuel persuaded its King to allow persecution of Karaite Jews.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Karaism (1729 words)

	The 2003 CESNUR Conference - Karaites and Karaism (Kizilov)
		As time passed, the distance between the privileged Karaites and their Rabbanire brethren grew, reaching its climax in 1863, when the Karaites were accorded full rights of citizenship in the Russian Empire, and were integrated into society, serving in the tsar’s army, and in the government.
		From 3,800 Karaites in 1783, the Karaite population grew to 12,894 (6,372 - males; 6,522 - females) in 1897.
		On the one hand, some of the Karaites participated in the war as the soldiers of the Red Army and in resistance movements,[41] on the other, some of them were known to collaborate with the German administration in the occupied territories and even serve in the Waffen SS.
	www.cesnur.org /2003/vil2003_kizilov.htm (5460 words)

	Breakaway Sect of Mixed Heritage Begins to Vanish in Ukraine \| The Jewish Exponent
		Cultural differences among Karaites have developed over the years, notably between those communities, such as the Israeli and American ones, that identify as Jews, and those, like the Crimean Karaites, that emphasize their Turkish ethnic roots.
		Although some Karaites were murdered by the Nazis, often accidentally, others actively collaborated with the Nazi occupiers, which exacerbated their already rocky relationship with the local Jewish population.
		Only 15 Karaites were born in the last 15 years to Crimean Karaite families, and only one traditional marriage has taken place in Evpatoria in six years, according to David El, chairman of the Religious Board of Crimean Karaites and chief Karaite religious authority in Ukraine.
	www.jewishexponent.com /article/1188 (965 words)

	Scripture and Schism Online Exhibit at JTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The second major difference between the Karaites and the Samaritans is that the Karaites are a Jewish sect, while the Samaritans are not.
		The Karaites might not accept the term 'sect' because it is usually applied only to groups one finds beyond the bounds of acceptable belief and practice.
		The Karaites have never questioned their status as Jews (with the exception of a few dark episodes in modern times), and the rest of Jewry has agreed with them.
	www.jtsa.edu /library/exhib/scrips/index.shtml (630 words)

	Center of Information and Documentation of Crimean Tatars
		Crimean Tatars have their own not only religious, but also cultural and historical events, which it is necessary to bring in legislation and to celebrate at the state level.
		Crimean Tatar secondary and the higher schools fully stopped their activity. According to archival information 371 schools, pedagogical institution, two normal schools, institution of literature and language and numerous libraries were closed.
		In period of deportation of 1944, during destruction of ethnographical department in museum of local lore of Simferopol, along with Crimean Tatar, was lost the important material of Crimean Karaites.
	www.cidct.org.ua /en/studii/3-4(2003)/3.html (3464 words)

	REPRESENTATION AND REVIVAL OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE CRIMEAN TATARS
		The heritage of the Crimean Tatars, one of the indigenous peoples of the peninsula, is expressed in ethnic, cultural, language and religious originality which is supposed to be protected by the states that had signed the Framework Convention on Protection of National Minorities.
		And though Crimean Tatars, have doubts concerning applying the term "national minority" to them and prefer the term «indigenous people», it does not exclude them from among those who are to be protected by the Framework Convention.
		Crimean Tatars profess Islam and the heritage of our people is usually identified with the Muslim culture which left traces on all spheres of life and activity.
	www.unpo.org /article.php?id=1746 (2244 words)

	Krimchak
		The Krymchaks are a community of Rabbinical Jews of the Crimean peninsula.
		The Crimean Tatars referred to them as zuluflu Г§ufutlar ("Jews with pe'ot") to distinguish them from the Crimean Karaites, or Karaim, who were called zulufsuz Г§ufutlar ("Jews without pe'ot").
		During the period of Khazar rule, intermarriage between Crimean Jews and Khazars is likely, and the Krymchaks probably absorbed numerous Khazar refugees during the decline and fall of the Khazar kingdom (a Khazar successor state, ruled by Georgius Tzul, was centered on Kerch).
	www.governpub.com /Languages-K/Krimchak.php (834 words)

	Crimean Tatar NGOs
		As Crimean Tatars strive to resettle in their ancestral homeland, after a fifty-year forced exile, their work at the grass-roots level is assisted by a number of international organizations.
		Recently, a seminar for members of National Mejlis (self-governing body of the Crimean Tatar people) was organized with the assistance of the FED. At this seminar, there was an interesting exchange of opinions on such democratic principles as basics of negotiation, determining goals and ways to achieve them, and holding conferences, meetings and congresses.
		Crimean Tatar non-profit organizations work not only in traditional spheres, but also in areas relating to the repatriation of the deportees.
	www.iccrimea.org /ngos/ngos.html (4643 words)

	Pillole di Storia Italica e non solo...
		The Karaites by that date were among the Golden Orde’s subjects since a long time and now, for hereto unclarified reasons, were appointed by the Lithuanian prince as his personal bodyguards.
		Due to this the Karaites of Crimea may represent what remains today of the Khazars who were the sovereigns in the Black Sea Northern coasts and in Crimea till the second half of the X cent.
		The Karaites were picked up from their particular grotto housings in Mangup-Kalè and Kyrk-Er where they consisted already in a large but closed community of their own separate from the other Crimean Turks who arrived later.
	www.tuttostoria.net /focus_app.asp?id=40 (2361 words)

	Karaim Home Page
		Although the Karaite reformation never became a mass movement, an ethnic mixture of Alans, Cumans and a number of Turkic Kipchak tribes in Crimea and northern steppes of Black Sea, as well as the ruling junta of Khazaria (not all the Khazars) converted to Karaism.
		It is recorded in the 13th century that the Karaim congregation practised in Solkhat, the capital city of the Crimean Tatars.
		There is another supposition that the conversion of local inhabitants of Crimea to Karaism occurred not in Khazar times, but later, during or after the Mongol rule, under the influence of the newcomers from Byzantium.
	www.turkiye.net /sota/karaim.html (548 words)

	Kizilov, Mikhail: Karaites Through the Travelers' Eyes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Become a guest of one of the Crimea's most enigmatic inhabitants: the Crimean Karaites.
		The Karaites are Jews who rely solely on the Hebrew Bible.
		Karaites Through the Travellers' Eyes makes you an eyewitness to the riveting story of the Karaites in the Crimea, through the words of those who witnessed this mystifying people first hand.
	www.forbesbookclub.com /bookpage.asp?prod_cd=IJYJL (78 words)

	Karaites in the Holocaust
		However, it cannot be established that Karaites in their entirety are of blood-related stock, for the racial categorization of an individual cannot be determined without further ado by his belonging to a particular people, but by his personal ancestry and racial biological characteristics.”" (Green 1978b pp.37-38)
		During their internment, they were questioned by Ananiasz Zajaczkowski, a noted [Karaylar-]Karaite Turkologist who was serving as a liaison between the Polish Karaite community and the Germans.
		Zajaczkowski told the couple that he knew their true identity, but that they should not worry because he was not going to reveal it to the Germans.
	www.karaite-korner.org /holocaust.htm (2260 words)

	Turkish Jewish Encounters
		The late Polish Karaite scholar’s book Karaim in Poland chapter on Karaim origins and history asserts that the Karaim are the inheritors of Khazars.
		Articles by Ananiasz Zajaczkowski covers the historical background of the Karaites of Crimea and elsewhere who are of Turkish origin.
		Moshe Gammer reveals an interesting French report during the Crimean war that describes the Crimean Karaites and their way of life during the 19th Century.
	www.turkiye.net /sota/turkjew.htm (1672 words)

	The Old Castle of Trakai and the Karaites, Medioevo russo, pagina 25
		The Karaites by that date were among the Golden Orde’s subjects and now, for hereto unclarified reasons, were appointed by the Lithuanian prince as his personal bodyguards and moved to Trakai where they were granted houses and land to cultivate as a reward for their services to Vytautas!
		The Karaites were “picked up” from their particular grotto housings in the region of Mangup-Kalè and Kyrk-Er where they consisted already in a large but closed community of their own separate from the other Crimean Turks who arrived later.
		Of course the Karaites if we have a look at how they dug out their houses in the mountain walls should be very much skilled carpenters and builders...
	www.mondimedievali.net /Medioevorusso/oldcastle.htm (2284 words)

	UKRINFORM: news from Ukraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The two-day convention discussed matters relating to Crimean Karaites' representation to Ukraine's bodies of authority and elected the supreme council of Karaite people.
		The Karaite people is an ethnic minority group whose members live in Crimea, in Odesa, Volyn regions, and in Lithuania.
		The Karaite people's previous general convention was held back in 1917.
	www.ukraineinfo.us /news/news-0305/030526-1f.html (134 words)

	Scripture and Schism Online Exhibit at JTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Crimean peninsula, which juts into the Black Sea at its northern shore, was ruled by various Turkic peoples from the seventh century until its annexation by Catherine II of Russia in 1783.
		The majority population of the Crimea were Turkic-speaking Muslims, and both the Crimean Karaites and Rabbanites (the latter were known as Krimchaks) developed their own dialect of Turkic, called Judeo-Tatar.
		The Karaites had always been economically better off than the Krimchaks, occupying themselves with trade and commerce rather than agriculture.
	www.jtsa.edu /library/exhib/scrips/10.shtml (213 words)

	The Crimean Karaites will be given their Kenassa (The Karaite’s Church) in Simferopol back. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Crimean Karaites will be given their Kenassa (The Karaite’s Church) in Simferopol back.
		Prime Minister of the Crimea Sergey Kunitsin entrusted the bodies concerned to resolve the issue ragarding tranfer of the Kenassa (Karaite’s Church) in Simferopol to Karaite’s community in Crimea where this building is being used by former Radio-broadcasting state-owned company called “The Crimea”.
		Electoral committee of ARC has registered 50 deputy candidates of the Crimean parliament of Party “Narodny Rukh Ukrainy” (National Movement of Ukraine)...
	www.qurultay.org /eng/ayrinti.asp?HaberNo=2003122404 (332 words)

	travelpalooza: Trakai Castle
		The castle is small and cute, not super huge or ornate, but I was particularly interested in going there to learn more about the Crimean Karaites.
		I was interested in learning about them since their language is closer related to Crimean Tatar, and last summer, I went to the palace of the Khan of the Crimean Tatars.
		I always thought people who spoke Turkic languages were Muslim, but the Karaites are not.
	travelpalooza.blogspot.com /2006/09/trakai-castle.html (206 words)

	RISU /English /News /Crimean Karaites Ask President to Protect Cultural Heritage, Return Worship Buildings:
		Crimea -- The association Crimea-Karailar and the all-Ukrainian center for culture and information Ukraine-World on 24 June 2005 held a round-table discussing the problems of the Karaites cultural heritage and sent a letter to President Yushchenko asking him to address this question.
		The Karaites are an offshoot of Judaism who are not ethnically Jewish but are Tatar and recognize only the Torah.
		The items contained in the Religious Information Service of Ukraine may be used, in part or in their entirety, by quoting the source.
	www.risu.org.ua /eng/news/article;5874 (215 words)

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