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Topic: Crimean Tartars

	Crimean Tartars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Crimean Tatars are an ethnic group formerly living in the Crimea region of Ukraine, now widely scattered among the republics of the former Soviet Union.
		The Tartars, a Turkic people related to the Mongols, occupied the Crimea in the 13th century, and they have preserved the name of their leader, Nogai.
		The war of 1853 and the laws of 1860-63 and 1874 caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars; many abandoned their admirably irrigated fields and gardens and moved to Turkey.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/c/cr/crimean_tartars.html (284 words)

	THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN UKRAINE: PRESENT STATE, TENDENCIES, AND PREDICTIONS Ludmila Shanghina
		There are grounds to conclude that a significant demographic shift should be expected in the direction of an increase both of the absolute number of Crimean Tartars in the Crimea and of their share in the total population of the Autonomous entity as early as the next generation.
		Unemployment among the Crimean Tartars stands at 60 percent, as opposed to fifteen to twenty percent for the Crimea as a whole.
		The assimilation of the Crimean Tartars should not be expected; rather, Crimea may evolve either in the direction of a Ukrainian Switzerland or in the direction of a Ukrainian Kosovo.
	www.uceps.org /eng/show/641 (6954 words)

	Crimean Tatar (crimean tatar resources) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The spoken language of the Crimean Tatars is known since the 13th century and divides into three main dialects: "Kypchak-Tatar" from the Crimea; "Kypchak-Nogay" from the northern steppes; and the coastal "Crimea-Osman".
		Crimean Tatar was the native language of the Crimean Tatar poet Bekir Sidki Cobanzade.
		Crimean Tatars are descendants of Turkic (Bulgars, Khazars, Petchenegs and Kypchaks) and non-Turkic (Scythians, Alans, Greeks, Goths) peoples who had settled in eastern Europe as early as the 7th century.
	xanax-buy.be /de/Bergsee (1124 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing
		In 1428, the Crimean Khanate became an independent political entity from the Golden Horde.(1) Haci Giray became the first Khan of this new state.(2) In 1478, the Ottoman Empire invaded the Crimean Khanate, and between 1478 and 1772, the Crimean Khanate was a protectorate of the Porte.
		In 1771, Russia invaded the Crimean peninsula.(9) Between 1772 to 1783, the Crimean Khanate was a protectorate of the Russian Empire.
		Crimean Tatars actively collaborated with the German occupying powers, participating in the so called "Tatar National Committees" organized by German intelligence and were extensively used by the Germans to infiltrate the rear of the Red Army with spies and diversionists.
	www.euronet.nl /users/sota/pohlethnic.htm (2221 words)

	RUSNET :: Ukraine probes unrest in Crimea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The trouble flared on Tuesday when a young Crimean Tartar was attacked with a knife by a gang of men in the Crimean capital of Simferopol.
		Tartar leaders - who are calling for greater rights, especially over land distribution - are expected to organise a series of protests to mark the anniversary.
		Around 200,000 Crimean Tartars were exiled to central Asia; an estimated 40% died in the first few years.
	www.rusnet.nl /news/2004/03/25/print/currentaffairs01.shtml (247 words)

	EDMUND SPENCER: TRAVELS IN CIRCASSIA, 1836
		The man with the longest beard being, according to Tartar custom, placed by common consent in the highest position in society, his counsel sought, and his decisions bowed to; should he, therefore, be deficient in wisdom and experience, he entails upon himself the ridicule and contempt of his neighbour.
		As a substitute for coffee, the Tartar of the steppe drinks a species of tea (tschai) found on the banks of the Don ; but, instead of using sugar and milk, seasons it with butter, pepper, and salt : it is considered very wholesome, and holds a prominent place among their materia medica.
		The Tartars, whose occupation is principally pastoral, are exceedingly poor in this part of the Crimea steppe; and, when we regard their houses, it is impossible not to think that they have studied the art of architecture under badgers and rabbits; for, like them, their dwellings are burrowed into the earth.
	www.iras.ucalgary.ca /~volk/sylvia/Circassia.htm (14391 words)

	Karaim Home Page
		Crimean Karaims are people of Turk(ic) descent who have adopted Karaism.
		From the 8th to the 10th centuries, the Karaims were subjected to the rule of Khazar Kagan.
		It is recorded in the 13th century that the Karaim congregation practised in Solkhat, the capital city of the Crimean Tatars.
	www.turkiye.net /sota/karaim.html (548 words)

	Volga and Crimea Muslim Tartars under the Soviets
		Tartars played a leading role in the establishment of independent governments of Daghistanis [2] and Bashkars [3] in 1919 and 1918, respectively, as well as in the Muslims rebellions of Central Asia against the new Soviet authority in those years.
		Tartar representatives participated along with the representatives of other Muslim nationalities in the Soviet Union in the November 1943 conference of the Enslaved Peoples of Eastern Europe and Asia, and contributed their share to the 100,000 strong army.
		Crimean Tartars are still carrying on their struggle for nationhood and are agitating clandestinely for return to their homeland.
	admin.muslimsonline.com /babri/tartars1.htm (5701 words)

	Odessa
		In the 14th Century, Crimean Tartars traded in the Odessa region.
		During the Russo-Turkish War, from 1787-1791, the Ukrainian Black Sea Kozaks conquered the Tartar settlement of Khadzhibei and the Turkish fortress of Eni-Dunai, near the city's present-day location.
		During the Crimean War from 1853-1856, Odessa was bombarded by British and French naval forces.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/od/Odessa.html (816 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He then very publicly opened his arms to Muslim Crimean Tartars \endash who for many years had been fighting to return home after their exile under Stalin, but had faced intense opposition from Russian and Ukrainian Crimeans.
		As the Ukrainian army advanced, Russian and Tartar civilians were 'cleansed' from rear areas by a combination of Ukrainian civilians and the army.
		The 50,000 Tartars who had recently arrived in the Crimea were told by Kuc hma to return to where they came from.
	www.frontend.co.nz /background.doc (660 words)

	MRG - recent News and Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Yet now the Tartars face further challenges, to regain their ancestral lands from which they were deported and to which they have a strong and undiminished relationship as indigenous and minority communities.
		She stated that the Crimean Tatars were excluded form the land restitution process, resulting in their exclusion from decision-making process and a consequently weak position in realizing their rights to land.
		Given the utmost importance of such representation, the Foundation suggested that the Crimean government should apply a system of quotas in the Crimean Parliament to assist in the process of facilitating effective minority representation and that such a system should be introduced before the next parliamentary elections.
	www.minorityrights.org /news_detail.asp?ID=232 (385 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Marco Polo: On the Tartars
		Some time after the migration of the Tartars to this place, and about the year of our Lord 1162, they proceeded to elect for their king a man named Chingis-khan, one of approved integrity, great wisdom, commanding eloquence, and eminent for his valor.
		Finding himself thus at the head of so many brave men, he became ambitious of emerging from the deserts and wildernesses by which he was surrounded, and gave them orders to equip themselves with bows, and other weapons they were expert at using from the habits of their pastoral life.
		The whole army was assembled to be spectators of this ceremony, and whilst the astrologers were employed in reading their books of necromancy, they perceived the two pieces begin to move and to approach, and after a short time, the one inscribed with the name of Chingis-khan placed itself on top of its adversary.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/mpolo44-46.html (1798 words)

	Conquest of Muslim Tartaria by the Czars
		To fill the gap caused by Tartar migration, the Russian government resorted to massive colonization of the region by settling colonists from European Russia.
		After Russian defeat in the Crimean War, the persecution of Tartars and colonization of their land was intensified and several thousands escaped to Turkey.
		As was the case with Crimean Tartars, on the eve of World War I, Turkish cities were teeming with Urus Mhadjiry (Russian refugees).
	salam.muslimsonline.com /babri/tartarchechan.htm (2942 words)

	Crimea Business, Economy, Finance & Infrastructure
		A general assembly of Crimean Tatar residents of the village of Teberti (Turgenevka) was held on 09.04.2000 with two questions on the agenda: the situation with land privatisation and upcoming protest actions.
		The problem of securing Tartars with agricultural land stems from the fact that when agricultural lands were allotted in 1994, the majority of Crimea's Tartar residents did not have Ukrainian citizenship and were not members of collective agricultural enterprises.
		Thousands of Crimean Tatars who have returned after decades of Communist-enforced exile are demanding right= s to their ancestral land, but Ukrainian laws on land distribution have so far failed to grapple with a potential source of civic unrest.
	geocities.com /ai320/business.htm (4054 words)

	workhorse: Crimea
		Crimean Tatars therefore found themselves in their homeland but without rights to the land they once owned.
		the Crimean Tatars are also discriminated against by political forces in Crimea; for instance, when there is violence the Crimean Tatars are usually blamed and then punished out of proportion for their wrongdoings.
		When I see the beautiful Crimean nature, I feel very happy as a human being, but as a president I remember all the violations that were going on here.
	favoritehorse.blogspot.com /2005/05/crimea.html (928 words)

	Tatars. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Russia conquered the khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Sibir (Siberia); the khans of Crimea became (1478) vassals of the Ottoman Empire.
		The Crimean Tatars continued to harass the Ukraine and Poland and to exact tribute from the czars of Russia; they raided Moscow in 1572.
		The Crimean Tatars themselves—except for the large numbers that emigrated to Turkey at the time of the Russian conquest of Crimea and after the Crimean War—remained in the Crimea until World War II and formed the basis of the Crimean Autonomous SSR, founded in 1921.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ta/Tatars.html (656 words)

	Pravda.RU:Ethnic trouble in Crimea: view from Moscow
		Unlike Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, Karachayevs and Kalmyks, the Crimean Tartars were not partially rehabilitated during the Khrushchev "thaw" and were not granted, as political compensation, "an autonomous area" of their own.
		Though the Crimean Khanate was subordinate to the Ottoman Empire and pursued the sultan's policy, the general public views the Girei Dynasty as the golden age of the Crimean Tartar state, which was respected on the world scene.
		The return of the Tartars to the Crimea, which was aptly called "self-return" by a journalist, proceeded without a substantiated economic plan or an ethnic development strategy for the returning and reviving Tartar community.
	newsfromrussia.com /main/2004/05/20/54033_.html (591 words)

	Pre-Russian Crimea. The Tartars
		At the end of World War II the Tartars, whose anchestors have come to the Crimea in the 13th and 14th century, were declared collaborators of the occupying German army and deported to Central Asia.
		To the Crimean Tartars their home and house is a saint thing and some of them have even managed to buy back their former houses from the later Russian tenants who were settled there by the Soviet government after 1945.
		The Ukrainian government in the beginning has encouraged the resettlement of the Tartars because it was eager to counterbalance the mainly Russian population of Crimea with a nationality that is adversed to the Russians, and therefore, as the Ukrainian politicians hoped, would support the central government.
	www.alanier.at /Tartaren.html (988 words)

	Crimean Tatar Memorial Day of Deportation--18 May 2003
		We will also try to inform the world how hundreds and thousands of innocent Crimean Tatars, mostly women, children and elderly, perished during this mass deportation because of hunger, thirst and disease while their loved ones were defending their Soviet motherland.
		I sincerely wish and hope that the Crimean Tartars are victorious in their battle very soon and eventually are no longer a minority.
		The plight of the Crimean Tatars is an ongoing human rights issue, which deserves the attention of all people of goodwill.
	www.iccrimea.org /reports/18may2003.html (1581 words)

	Jürgen Drzymalla: Crimera-Report
		However, Crimean Tartars, who were deported from the area in 1944, have been returning in significant numbers since Ukrania became an independent state in 1991 and now make up about 8% of the population - a figure which is sure to increase over the next few years.
		The Crimean population is generally well-educated and many people have degrees from institutes of higher education.
		Last year, only 2% of the Crimean population invested their vouchers while the figure was 20% for all of Ukrainia.
	members.aol.com /Jdrzymalla/eng.html (1337 words)

	Deportation of Crimean Tatars by Stalin
		Officially the Soviet rationale for the deportation of the Tatars, Greeks, Armenians, and Bulgarians from the Crimean peninsula was that they collaborated in large numbers with the German occupation of the peninsula.
		The importance of the Crimean peninsula was impressed upon Russian military leaders by the devastating loss to Britain, France, and Turkey during the Crimean War.
		From 21 May 1944 to 1 January 1945, 13,5 92 Crimean Tatars perished en route and in special settlements.(833) From 1 January 1945 to 1 January 1946, another 13,183 Crimean Tatars died.(834) These deaths for the first year and a half in exile constituted 14 percent of the Crimean Tatar population.
	www.euronet.nl /users/sota/statshist.html (1365 words)

	American-Russian Cultural Forum "Dialogue" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The main part of population consists of Russians, Ukrainians, and then Crimean Tartars, a big share of Byelorussians, Jews, Armenians, Greeks, Germans, Bulgarians, Poles and Italians.
		The 120-acre estate is one of the finest on the Southern Crimean coast, with over 200 exotic plants and trees.
		The Historical and Archeological Museum is housed in the former palace of the Khans.
	www.forumdialog.org /crimea.htm (1405 words)

	Victor Yushchenko: The fate of the Crimean Tatars in the 1940-s was shared by the Germans, Greeks, Turks, Kurds, ...
		That was the date sixty years ago when the deportation of Tartars from the Crimean Peninsular began,” is stated in a statement by Victor Yushchenko, addressed to the participants of the rally dedicated to the 60-th anniversary of the deportation of the Crimean Tartars.
		Close to 200 thousand of the Crimean Tatars were forced to leave their homes and face hunger, cold, and oblivion.
		Ukrainian word “golodomor” (famine) along with the Tartar word “surgun” (deportation) mark the crimes committed by the communist regime in its war against the peoples of the former USSR.
	www.yuschenko.com.ua /eng/present/News/638 (456 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Ukraine probes unrest in Crimea
		Three people have been stabbed in Crimea since Tuesday in fighting between Crimean Tartars and Ukrainians.
		The incidents sparked a protest involving hundreds of Crimean Tatars.
		Crimean Tatars mark wartime deportations (18 May 02
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/world/europe/3565865.stm (282 words)

	Social Conflict, Self-Determination, and the Boundaries of the State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This is impracticable only because of compelling technical considerations, which make it necessary that a region be governed as a single administrative unit and that the right of self-determination be restricted to the will of the majority of the inhabitants of areas large enough to count as territorial units in the administration of the country.
		The Tartar minority predominantly voted for candidates supporting Ukrainian control, since many of them were fearful of renewed persecution if they came under Russian authority.
		In May 1994, the Crimean parliament voted to establish the Crimea as an autonomous political entity relatively free of Ukrainian control.
	www.fff.org /freedom/0994b.asp (1498 words)

	Hitler's Soviet Muslim Legions
		The German courting of the Soviet Muslims was part of Hitler's lunatic schemes for bringing Turkey into his side and for advancing to control the oil fields in Middle East and Baku.
		It is well known that during the Crimean War they gladly 'collaborated', as we'd now say, with the English and the French.
		Crimean Tartar was not only gladly collaborating with the Germans, but was also supplying the Wehrmacht with 20,000 soldiers.
	stosstruppen39-45.tripod.com /id10.html (2846 words)

	Happy Dogs Clup, The biggest dog resource center,breeds,cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the Dobruja region of Romania and Bulgaria, there are more than 27,000 Crimean Tatars: 24,000 on the Romanian side, and 3,000 on the Bulgarian side.
		Crimean Tatars were known for frequent devastating raids into Ukraine and Russia.
		Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq or (Augier) Ghislain de Busbecq - Austrian ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century whose account of meeting Crimean Tartars includes a rudimentary account of their language, see Crimean Gothic language
	www.happydogsclup.com /sdmc_Crimean_Tatars (1343 words)

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