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	University of Massachusetts Amherst - Department of Legal Studies
		Built by PERI through a private donation, Legal Studies was given space on the ground floor (we're to the left in the picture, under the columns).
		In fact, as a discipline, Legal Studies is based on the assumption that "law is too important to be left to lawyers." The critical, humanistic approach of the program encourages students to investigate and develop their attitudes toward law and justice within the context of a growing literature of Legal Studies and related disciplines.
		Legal Studies is part of the College of Social and Behevarial Sciences and consequently requires a 15 credit Global Education Requirement.
	www.umass.edu /legal (723 words)

	Critical legal studies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Critical legal studies refers to a movement in legal thought that applied methods similar to those of critical theory (the Frankfurt School) to law.
		More conservative critics argued that the radical nature of the movement was inconsistent with the mission of professional legal education.
		While the influence and prominence of CLS in the American legal academy seem to have waned in recent years, offshoots of CLS, including critical race theory continue to grow in popularity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Critical_legal_studies (1089 words)

	Critical Perspectives on Rights
		A legal right evokes the idea of a domain protected by law within which the individual is free to do as he or she pleases, and the arrangements ensuring that freedom are fair, neutral, and equitable.
		Legal interpretations happen when nonofficials seek to hold officials to account, either in terms the officials themselves have offered as rationales or in new terms embodying normative commitments that have not before made their way into the official canon of meaning.
		Legal meanings pronounced by officials cannot be severed from the violence and power they seek to rationalize; nor can they be reduced to these acts of violence and power.
	socsci.colorado.edu /~bairdv/Critical_Rights.htm (5393 words)

	Critical Legal Studies
		As a consequence, the form of critical discussions of race that emerges in the Critical Legal Studies movement is usually limited by the impact of juridical conceptions of how race will be negotiated in the sphere of litigation and legislation.
		The mission of Feminism, Critical Race Theory and Critical Legal Studies is to highlight the differences between the story told by the majority and alternative stories.
		Second, critical scholarship frequently assumes that the indeterminacy thesis plays an important role in support of a related thesis, the mystification thesis--the claim that legal discourse conceals and reinforces relations of domination.
	www.lycos.com /info/critical-legal-studies.html (694 words)

	Philosophy of Law [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		A legal practice can be understood from the "internal" point of view of the person who accepts that practice as providing legitimate guides to conduct, as well as from the "external" point of view of the observer who wishes to understand the practice but does not accept it as being authoritative or legitimate.
		Legal moralism is the view that the law can legitimately be used to prohibit behaviors that conflict with society's collective moral judgments even when those behaviors do not result in physical or psychological harm to others.
		Critical race theory is likewise concerned to point up the way in which assumptions of white supremacy have shaped the content of the law at the expense of persons of color.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/l/law-phil.htm (6898 words)

	3.3 - Critical Legal Practice: Beyond Abstract Radicalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Critical legal studies in Britain claims essentially to be a progressive intellectual challenge to the dominant traditions in legal scholarship.
		A significant strand within critical legal thought (particularly that displaying a tendency towards nihilism) emphasises the deconstruction of the discourse latent in existing legal doctrine and practice.
		The legal system is in reality not open to most of them to assert their rights, and if, by some freak of fortune, they were all able to use the system, the substantive law would undoubtedly be changed because the state could not 'afford' the cost of bringing the housing up to standard.
	www.nclg.mcmail.com /3_3.htm (2526 words)

	E Law: Wormes in the entrayles: the corporate citizen in law? - Text
		Unlike the Critical Legal Scholars of almost a century later Holmes was not advised to leave the academy for inducing cynicism and despondency amongst law students.
		He also wrote: 'legal institutions fix and guarantee the presuppositions on which the economic order rests.'[105] More radical Realists argued that the role of lawyers in legal institutions was to perform, or resist, the frauds required to support the controllers of corporate fortunes.
		Comparison of legal concepts with phenomenon in other forms of knowledge can use likenesses in two ways: as a metaphor for the legal concept which is substituted for it in the same context, and, as metonymy in which the other phenomenon is used to enable us to see the legal concept in a different context.
	www.murdoch.edu.au /elaw/issues/v5n2/andrews521_text.html (15962 words)

	IDEOLOGY AND COMMUNITY IN THE FIRST WAVE OF CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES
		As a result, he maintains that critical legal authors have generally failed to understand the progressive possibilities of some contemporary versions of liberal theory and that “many of the charges leveled against liberalism by critical legal writers have missed the mark” (p.42).
		Chapter 3 moves on to consider the account of liberal legal consciousness that critical legal scholars claim pervades and distorts the “modern concept of law; legal institutions; and the respective roles of citizens, lawyers, judges, and legislators” (p.43).
		For example, Bauman criticizes CLS for not having a conceptual foundation (an external standard of truth) to demystify the liberal legal consciousness claimed to be inherent in the law.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/Bauman1003.htm (1844 words)

	Legal analysis as institutional imagination
		During its heyday "critical legal studies" aroused the anger of groups in the American establishment unresigned to seeing any part of the formation of American elites disturbed by dissidents and troublemakers.
		It is a programmatic intervention in legal thought: a proposal for the direction that the then nascent movement of critical legal studies should take, not a description of what people engaged in this movement thought, said, and wrote.
		Critical legal studies preferred, for the most part, to gravitate around familiar themes: the radicalization of the idea of doctrinal indeterminacy, a neo-marxist functionalist approah to the place of law in society, and identity politics.
	www.law.harvard.edu /faculty/unger/english/legal.php (838 words)

	Critical Legal Studies: Law
		Critical legal theory should be more widely taught as a useful way of analyzing the law.
		Critical legal studies in Britain claims essentially to be a progressive intellectual challenge to the dominant traditions in legal scholarship.
		Courts across the country, persuaded that legal practice is deeply racist and sexist, are conducting costly studies of their own alleged biases.
	www.lycos.com /info/critical-legal-studies--law.html (513 words)

	Review of The Critical Legal Studies Movement
		''Mature'' jurists, legal realists insisted, should act creatively, imaginatively and intelligently to reach just results, and law schools should train their students not to be conventional parsers of bygone cases but to become active participants in that purposive process, law, by which society makes many of its most far-reaching and delicate decisions.
		In this sense legal decisions are really policy choices, and the legal realists insisted they should be informed by the best knowledge, legal or extralegal, and not based solely on the artificial authority of earlier cases.
		Appeals were made to ''neutral principles,'' to the network of interdependences making up the legal process, to the ''inner morality'' of law and to the ''efficiency'' of ''the market,'' as well as to the concept of ''law as a system of rules,'' an idea imported from the University of Oxford.
	www.robertounger.com /cls.htm (2091 words)

	Legal Studies Degree Program via Online / Campus Classroom at South University, Savannah
		The legal studies programs offered in the traditional on-ground classroom format at the Columbia, SC, Montgomery, AL, Savannah, GA, and West Palm Beach, FL locations are approved by the American Bar Association (ABA).
		The Bachelor of Science degree in Legal Studies program provides an excellent foundation for those who are seeking employment and advancement in the growing profession of paralegals and legal assistants.
		Enhance your critical and analytical thinking skills, conduct computerized legal research and develop the written and organizational skills required to effectively manage legal cases.
	online.southuniversity.edu /academics/undergraduate/legal_studies.asp (629 words)

	Critical legal theory - Wex
		Critical legal studies (CLS) is a theory that challenges and overturns accepted norms and standards in legal theory and practice.
		CLS has borrowed heavily from Legal Realism, the school of legal thought that flourished in the 1920s and 1930s.
		Like CLS scholars, legal realists rebelled against accepted legal theories of the day and urged more attention to the social context of the law.
	www.law.cornell.edu /topics/critical_theory.html (377 words)

	Radical Philosophy - print friendly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cornell: Regrettably there's very little organized presence of either Critical Legal Studies or what were called the `femcrits' in the legal academy in the United States in 1994.
		In the late seventies and early eighties when I was a law student, there was something that was called the Conference of Critical Legal Studies, and it had the effect of being a movement.
		We had yearly conferences; there was a sense of political intervention in the academy, as well as academic discourse promoted by critical legal studies.
	www.radicalphilosophy.com /print.asp?editorial_id=10754 (526 words)

	Critical Theory Research Bibliography
		Adopting a critical legal studies approach, Leonard considers he has superseded the discourses of experientiality and textuality at the same time that those discourses intersect and articulate differences.
		I apply hermeneutics, narrative theory, and critical theory to environmental ethics, and use this hermeneutical theory as a method to illuminate the "deep" underlying issues relating to the perception and use of forests.
		I then address the critical problem of deciding conflicts between these different interpretations of forests by working out a set of legitimation criteria to which all parties concerned would ideally be able to subscribe.
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~gallaghr/ctbib.html (2746 words)

	Legal Theory Blog
		Legal Theory Blog comments and reports on recent scholarship in jurisprudence, law and philosophy, law and economic theory, and theoretical work in substantive areas, such as constitutional law, cyberlaw, procedure, criminal law, intellectual property, torts, contracts, etc.
		One more point--the study examines the correlation between global teaching effectiveness (across courses) and global scholarly productivity (across fields) and did not attempt to study correlations between writing that is salient to the course for which teaching effectiveness is being measure.
		Other studies have shown that student teaching evaluations are positively correlated with other measures of teaching effectiveness, including peer reviews and output studies, suggesting at least that student measures track other alternative measures (Bok 2004).
	lsolum.blogspot.com (3635 words)

	Critical Studies: The Disunity of Language, Science, and Culture
		That is, in the first half of the twentieth century, languages were often conceptualized as systemic unities (and thus used to explain differences between cultures); cultures were conceptualized as distinct, coherent entities defined by essential distinguishing features; science was a unified body of knowledge based on a shared methodology developing teleologically toward common universal truths.
		Against earlier studies which viewed universal science as radically transcending particular cultures (culture could only aid or distort the development of science along its natural teleology toward truth), work in the 1960s and 70s sought ways to re-place science in cultural context.
		These studies applied various models of culture and language to the study of science: paradigms and incommensurability (Kuhn); the archaeology of human sciences (Foucault); the social science of science (Collins); the anthropology of science (Latour and Woolgar); and gender studies of science (Keller).
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~rhart/courses/disunity (3162 words)

	LatCrit Theory: Some Preliminary Notes Towards a Transatlantic Dialogue
		It casts law as the application of reason to limit the exercise of arbitrary power and legal process as a vehicle through which fundamental social conflicts and intergroup antagonisms are incrementally resolved through the evolution of a well-reasoned and ever more comprehensive body of rules developed in and through the careful adjudication of specific cases.
		Thus, Critical Race Feminism was born from the felt need among women of color to articulate a feminist legal theory grounded specifically in the particular experiences of women of color at the intersection of multiple practices of oppression and the convergent impact of racism, sexism and class exploitation.
		Although LatCrit Legal Theory is a relatively recent intervention in the evolution of American critical legal scholarship, in the last five years, LatCrit scholarship has developed at an unprecedented pace.
	personal.law.miami.edu /~iglesias/transatlantic.htm (7735 words)

	stl2003-m7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Critical Legal Studies may be in some cases, seen as one and the same thing.
		Legal Realism occurred at a time of syllabus reform in American law schools, in that sociology and psychology were more important in legal practice than actual fl-letter formal law.
		It may well be that Legal Realism and CLS are two totally different discourses, and that they have been lumped together in a textbook category for convenience sake, due to the history they share.
	www.warwick.ac.uk /~sysdt/stl2003-m7.htm (646 words)

	Your #1 source for critical legal studies, law schools information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		IT would be a terrible mistake to equate the critical legal studies movement solely with the troubles at Harvard, for it has followers in many law schools.
		critical legal studies and roberto unger and duncan kennedy
		The Institute for Legal Studies was established by the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1985 under the leadership of David Trubek.
	www.fpschool.com /critical%20legal%20studies,%20law%20schools.php (426 words)

	APA Newsletters 98:2 - A Short History of the 'Critical' in Critical Race Theory
		Critical Race Theory is strongly associated with Critical Legal Studies—an approach to American jurisprudence advanced by a group of progressive, often liberal and sometimes Marxist jurists in the 1980s and the present decade.
		In effect, Fanon’s response to the status of the studier was to admit prejudice at the outset, which required an exploration of the failures that emerge both from prejudice itself, and from a failure to admit prejudice.
		There, although the historical figurehead was Marx—where the critical exposed the ideological forces of the economic sedimented as the "natural" and the "religious"—the Kantian fusion led to explorations of meaningful conditions of dialogue, including dialogue on the critical, as we find in the work of Jürgen Habermas.
	www.apa.udel.edu /apa/archive/newsletters/v98n2/lawblack/gordon.asp (3048 words)

	Untitled Document
		The reasons for some of them are immediately recognizable to the American law student (feminist legal theory; critical race theory; "lat" crit), but others are coated with layers of opacity that resist even diligent attempts to understand them ("critical legal studies"; "post-modernism").
		The most fiery critic of the old order was a HLS professor named Roberto Mangabeira Unger (ironically the son of a wealthy South American family).
		The jargon was incredibly intense, however, and most American students, who just thought they were going to law school to study "LAW," were either confused, bemused or, out of respect and sometimes a desire to imitate their professors, actually stimulated.
	www.willamette.edu /~blong/Jurisprudence/CriticalI.html (710 words)

	Critical Legal Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The purpose of Critical Legal Studies is "to explore the manner in which legal doctrine and legal education and the practice of legal institutions work to buttress and support a pervasive system of oppresive, egalitarian relations."
		They argued that legal categories, by crating and maintaining certain descriptions of soical and legal arrangments, foreclose other eays of thinging about and organizing human life.
		They sought to show that legal doctrine is contradictory, that legal rules are indeterminate, and that the operation fo legal institutions is systematically biased in favor of economically and socially prieledged elites.
	jcomm.uoregon.edu /~tgleason/j385/Crit_CLS.html (222 words)

	[No title]
		It is the leftward, or "critical," bent of these essays that, for Hunt, is one of the hallmarks of this anthology.
		The Critical Legal Studies movement has always had something of at least a quasi-Marxist view of the law, a view which sees the law as being epiphenomenal and, therefore, derivative from more primary economic forces.
		By showing the chasm that exists between the jurisprudence of Dworkin and that of the Critical Legal Studies movement, this collection might be of greatest use to those who have identified with one or more of the concerns of that movement and who have also found Dworkin's jurisprudence rewarding.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/hunt1.htm (1123 words)

	Essays on Critical Legal Studies
		Legal Education and the Reproduction of Hierarchy: A Polemic Against the System, A Critical Edition, with contributions from Paul Harrington, Peter Gabel [weblink], Angela Harris, Donna Maeda and Janet Halley (NYU Press, Critical America 2004)
		Shorter version: Legal Education and the Reproduction of Hierarchy, 32 J. Leg.
		Legal Education as Training for Hierarchy, in D. Kairys, ed.
	www.duncankennedy.net /topics/cls.html (562 words)

	critcrim.org
		The recent (mis)behavior of the U.S. Supreme Court is consistent with the view of critical legal theorist.
		Cultural Studies and Critical Theory - Collection of web-based material includes a list of essays related to Critical Legal Theory.
		Critical Perspectives -- Legal Education - Brief bibliography and Commentary.
	www.critcrim.org /critlegal.htm (512 words)

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