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Topic: Critical period

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	Critical Period of Weed Control in Canola \| ARDI \| Agri-Food Research & Development Initiative \| Manitoba ...
		The critical period of weed control is the time during the lifecycle of a crop in which it must be kept weed-free to prevent yield loss.
		Critical period research in canola is important to determine the length of time that weeds can be left in the crop, especially with the increased use of herbicide-tolerant canola varieties, and to determine the length of time that soil-residual herbicides need to remain effective to prevent yield loss.
		The critical weed-free period was greatly influenced by the nature of the weed infestation (species, densities and emergence periodicity) and the crop seeding date relative to the emergence timing of the weeds.
	www.gov.mb.ca /agriculture/research/ardi/projects/98-112.html (1234 words)

	Critical Period Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence - Find Articles
		Although the term "critical period" is used in a variety of contexts, it is most closely associated with ethology, the study of innate and learned behavior in the natural environment.
		Other examples of critical periods include the initial four months of life during which puppies must be exposed to humans in order to make good pets and the early months in which birds must be exposed to the characteristic song of their species in order to learn it.
		The concept of the critical period appears to be supported by studies of the so-called "wild" or feral children who were deprived of human society for an extended period.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2602/is_0001/ai_2602000169?lstpn=article_results&lstpc=search&lstpr=external&lstprs=other&lstwid=1&lstwn=search_results&lstwp=body_middle (459 words)

	Newsletter Archive \| Critical Periods
		Originally the term "critical period" was used to describe a fixed period of time in development when certain experiences had to occur in order for development to proceed normally.
		The use of the term critical period to describe the early childhood years (and thus to justify better child care or intervention programs) has proved controversial to some because of the considerable research that shows the incredible human resilience and life-long capacity to learn.
		While there may be critical periods for certain specific skills and biological processes such as the development of vision, we are on safer ground if we argue for improved quality in child care and a greater commitment to early intervention on the basis of proven behavioral research showing the benefits of such experiences.
	www.brookespublishing.com /email/archive/march01/march01EC1.htm (712 words)

	CiteULike: Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language
		Nevertheless, it is essential to our understanding of the nature of the hypothesized critical period to determine whether or not it extends as well to second language acquisition.
		The results support the conclusion that a critical period for language acquisition extends its effects to second language acquisition.
	www.citeulike.org /user/preeder/article/846942 (634 words)

	Newsletter Archive \| Critical Periods
		Originally the term "critical period" was used to describe a fixed period of time in development when certain experiences had to occur in order for development to proceed normally.
		The use of the term critical period to describe the early childhood years (and thus to justify better child care or intervention programs) has proved controversial to some because of the considerable research that shows the incredible human resilience and life-long capacity to learn.
		While there may be critical periods for certain specific skills and biological processes such as the development of vision, we are on safer ground if we argue for improved quality in child care and a greater commitment to early intervention on the basis of proven behavioral research showing the benefits of such experiences.
	www.pbrookes.com /email/archive/march01/march01EC1.htm (712 words)

	A concept of 'critical period' for language acquisition
		Consequently, the critical period for language learning is considered to be the biologically determined period in which the brain keeps its plasticity for acquisition of any language.
		The period 'during which a native accent is easily acquirable' appears to end earlier than the period governing the acquisition of a native grammar.
		While it is believed that children need to learn a second language before their critical period in order to acquire a natural pronunciation in informal daily learning, it is also true that some children fail to acquire a native-like proficiency under the influence of their first language.
	www.tsuyama-ct.ac.jp /kats/papers/kn7/kn7.htm (5333 words)

	Hölderlin [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The revival of an interest in German Idealism, and the philosophical developments from Kant’s critical period to Hegel’s mature thought, have ensured that Hölderlin is given his due for his important philosophical insights.
		This criticism of Fichte’s system may appear unfair as, in the 1797 edition of the Doctrine of Knowledge, he does discuss the fact that there must be a pre-reflective form of self-awareness.
		A period of bliss ensues, but Diotima understands that Hyperion is “born for higher things” (ibid., p.72) [“zu höhern Dingen geboren” (ibid., p.566)], that the simple harmony of her life is not for him.
	www.iep.utm.edu /h/holderli.htm (3722 words)

	New study challenges 'critical period' in childhood vision development
		The evidence gathered from this case study presents a scientific alternative to the widely noted "critical period" that the brain undergoes during childhood.
		The critical period theory asserts that the brain's learning mechanisms are significantly dependent on early sensory stimulation.
		Sinha and his colleagues posit that while some aspects of vision, such as acuity, might indeed be subject to critical periods, many other aspects of functional vision might be learnable even at later ages.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2007-01/afps-nsc010407.php (322 words)

	Critical periods in puppy development
		As you can see, this period overlaps that of the previous definition and children or animal should not be allowed to hurt or scare the puppy -- either maliciously or inadvertently.
		It is critical to praise the positive and minimize the negative behavior during this time.
		This period is often marked by an increase in aggression and by a renewed testing for leadership.
	ice.ucdavis.edu /~robyn/Korina/Criticalperiodsinpuppydevelopment.html (564 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence: Critical Period
		Although the term "critical period" is used in a variety of contexts, it is most closely associated with ethology, the study of innate and learned behavior in the natural environment.
		Other examples of critical periods include the initial four months of life during which puppies must be exposed to humans in order to make good pets and the early months in which birds must be exposed to the characteristic song of their species in order to learn it.
		The concept of the critical period appears to be supported by studies of the so-called "wild" or feral children who were deprived of human society for an extended period.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2602/is_0001/ai_2602000169 (526 words)

	All about strabismus-- an in-depth explanation by eye doctor of crossed eyes, cross eyed, wandering eyes, wall-eyed
		This led to conclusions regarding a "critical period" of development for stereopsis.
		What is the "critical period" and what does it mean in regards to you or your child and your treatment options.
		During the period of neurological development, around the first year of life, language development is natural and spontaneous.
	www.strabismus.org /all_about_strabismus.html (1386 words)

	Stones of Wonder - tips on watching the sun and moon at the solstices, equinoxes, standstills
		This means that the full moons of summer are in the sky for a shorter period than those of winter, and reach a lower altitude in the sky.
		The contrast in rising positions and the time that the moon is in the sky at those two times of year is very marked, and would not have been missed by people who spent most of their lives out of doors.
		During the period of the major standstill the moon at phases other than full will swing between the two limits shown; in other words a waxing or waning moon could appear in the extreme positions to north or to south.
	www.stonesofwonder.com /watching.htm (3487 words)

	FeralChildren.com \| The critical period hypothesis and feral children
		The crticial period hypothesis in essence contends that the ability to learn a language is limited to the years before puberty after which, as a result of neurological changes in the brain (see the impact of neglect on neurological development), the ability is lost.
		However, feral children don't provide the best evidence in support of the critical period hypothesis (which is, any case, now generally accepted), partly because they may have been abandoned because of subnormality (Victor) or suffered emotional and physical trauma (Genie) that would affect their learning capacity.
		He suggests the term sensitive period rather than critical period: a period which is optimal for "tuning" that part of the brain best suited to the acquisition of grammatical analysis.
	www.feralchildren.com /en/critical.php (680 words)

	Critical Periods In A Puppies Development
		The puppy's isolation during the critical periods of its life, its complete removal from the companionship of other dogs and humans had developed as character to such an extent that it would never adjust to the society of either.
		It is during this second critical period in the new puppy's life that the characteristic of nervousness can generate shyness and other negative qualities in a puppy.
		The third critical period ends during the 7th week and the puppy is now considered emotionally developed and ready to learn.
	westwingsess.com /critical_stages.htm (1899 words)

	ISU Weed Science Online -
		Weed density was strongly correlated with the critical period, with sites having high weed populations generally having shorter critical periods than sites with low to moderate infestations.
		The difference in weed densities between the two years was relatively small and inversely related to the critical period, thus it appeared that the difference in critical period was due to environmental factors rather than weed populations.
		The critical period ranged from 4" to 12" giant foxtail, with a 6" height being the most common stage where yield losses were first observed.
	www.weeds.iastate.edu /mgmt/qtr99-1/criticalcorn.htm (634 words)

	ISU Weed Science Online - Critical Periods of Competition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The critical period is defined as the length of time these weeds can be allowed to compete with the crop before yields are affected.
		The two factors that have the biggest impact on the critical period of competition early in the season are: 1) the density of weeds, and 2) the relative time of weed emergence.
		For example, as weed density increases the critical period decreases, whereas the length of the critical period decreases as soil moisture decreases.
	www.weeds.iastate.edu /mgmt/2003/critical.shtml (1359 words)

	New Braunfels Utilities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The declaration of a drought critical period stage will be publicly issued by the Mayor and must be published a minimum of one time in a newspaper of general circulation in the City, as soon as reasonably possible after the declaration of critical period stage has been issued.
		(e) Upon the declaration of a critical period stage by the Mayor, compliance with the mandatory provisions of this division is required and compliance with the voluntary measures is encouraged.
		Critical period use surcharges may be imposed by action of the Board of Trustees of NBU as an additional measure to aid in achieving applicable pumping limits.
	www.nbutexas.com - !http: //www.nbutexas.com/News/Critical_Period_Ordinance.php (4178 words)

	NASA - Establishing a Critical Period for Vestibular Development
		Critical periods were first identified in the visual system of cats.
		It was hypothesized that during the critical period, the vestibular system requires a net force that has a fixed direction and is above a certain threshold for normal development to occur.
		Having established that functional deficits are linked to the vestibular critical period, Moorman plans to explore whether the absence of gravity results in physical changes as well.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/earth/livingthings/vest_dev.html (1181 words)

	Critical period in child development
		Early childhood is the developmental period that extends from the end of infancy to about five to six years; sometimes the period is called the preschool years.
		Middle and late childhood is the developmental period that extends from about six to eleven years of age, approximately corresponding to the elementary school years; sometimes the period is called the elementary school years.
		Adolescence is the developmental period of transition from childhood to early adulthood, entered approximately at ten to twelve years of age and ending between eighteen and twenty years of age.
	md.essortment.com /criticalperiod_ribw.htm (533 words)

	CRITICAL PERIODS IN YOUR PUPPY'S LIFE
		His isolation during the critical periods of his life - his complete removal from the companionship of other dogs and humans - had developed his character to such an extent that he never would adjust to the society of either.
		In the tests at Bar Harbor, puppies were isolated at various intervals during the five critical periods and it was determined that isolation from human society had its greatest effect on the puppies during the fourth critical period.
		Being aware of the five critical periods, and providing the correct environment during these periods - as well as instituting proper learning techniques - will allow a puppy to develop emotionally and socially into a well behaved member of the family whether your hound is primarily for hunting, competitions, or a family pet.
	www.beaglesunlimited.com /beagletraining_criticalperiodsinpupslife.htm (3230 words)

	FORTH CRITICAL PERIOD
		The eighth week is a period of fear for the puppy, and you should avoid trips to the vet for vaccines (although this is usually the week most pups are taken for their first trip), exposing the pup to new situations that may be frightening.
		During this period she will begin actively rejecting the pup, which can be quite a blow to his newly gained confidence.
		During this period he is capable of going through the night without having an accident, and he can progress from paper training to outdoor training.
	www.britfeld.com /superdogs/4th.htm (2197 words)

	Von Falconer K-9 New Puppies
		During this period the puppy should be guarded against trauma of any kind.
		This critical period for this is week 4-6.
		The puppy must have free periods to engage in play fighting with one or more puppies of the same approximate age.
	www.vonfalconer.com /puppy.html (2575 words)

	Critical Period Hypothesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In terms of language acquisition, it is believed that during this early period in the life of a human, language is best learned.
		The critical period is hypothesized to be finished around 14 years of age (Curtiss, 1977).
		The reasoning behind this being that children can acquire the second language while still in their 'critical period', whereas adults,being at a later stage in life are not primed for this type of learning.
	www.richmond.edu /~pli/projects/project4/critical.html (142 words)

	BrainConnection.com - Is There a Critical Period for Learning a Foreign Language? - Page 2
		The question of whether or not there is a critical period for learning a foreign language is not easily answered.
		Although acquiring the grammar of one's first language does seem to be subject to a critical period which ends around puberty, the issue of whether or not there is also a critical period for second-language grammar acquisition is more complex.
		According to the results of a study by Helen Neville using brain recordings, semantic information seems to be processed in the same way by both speakers of English as a second language and native English speakers throughout life.
	www.brainconnection.com /topics/?main=fa/critical-period2 (971 words)

	CRITICAL PERIOD: OCTOBER 1 TO DECEMBER 7, 1941
		There still remained the period from the 27th to the 6th of December, inclusive, during which time messages and even letters could have been sent outlining and completely delineating the entire Page 135 situation to Short.
		Additionally Kuehn provided a code indicating what units were in the harbor and what were out and means of signaling consisting of symbols on the sails of his sailboat, radio signals over a short-wave transmitter, lights in his house, and fires in his yard, all in order to signal to Japanese submarines offshore.
		The period during which the signals were to be given was December 1 to 6.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/pha/army/chap_3c.html (11149 words)

	Critical Periods
		This is the period that if you do not handle it correctly will give your dog a lasting fear of traffic and other frightening noises.
		The period between 0 and 16 weeks is the most important period in your dog’s life.
		You may encounter some increased aggression and renewed testing for position and authority, however if you have spent lots of time with your dog and trained consistently and regularly, then this should not present itself as a problem - in fact you may hardly notice this change, it is just something to keep in mind.
	www.doglistener.co.uk /puppies/criticalperiods.shtml (1307 words)

	Critical Period; Multilingual Children's Association
		This 'critical period' means that you should strike while the iron is hot!
		Research at the University of Chicago shows that a bird placed in isolation for the first few weeks of its life never learns the song of its species properly and will thus be unable to uphold a territory or woo a mate.
		Experts now agree that the critical period for native-like language skills ends gradually at around six or seven years of age.
	www.multilingualchildren.org /milestones/critical_period.html (1025 words)

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