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	Alston's Epistemic Level Confusion and Disguised Fideism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As (critical) rationalists, such falsificationists interpret the rationalistic maxim as implying we aim at the truth and approach this goal when we (tentatively and critically) accept only those beliefs and theories which are falsifiable but not yet falsified.
		If their commitment to the rational standard (or their commitment to its ground, etc.) is, in fact, justified but they are unable to demonstrate this fact, they will not be able to meet the skeptics’ demand that they justify their commitment.
		For since the acknowledgement of the rationality of the practice commits one to the rationality of supposing it to be reliable, to provide an adequate argument for the former will be to provide an adequate argument for the latter.
	www.fiu.edu /~hauptli/Alston'sEpistemicLevelConfusionandDisguisedFideism.html (4823 words)

	Critical rationalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Critical rationalism is an epistemological philosophy advanced by Karl Raimund Popper, which is a logical generalization of his approach to science, falsificationism.
		Critical rationalists hold that scientific theories, and any other claims to knowledge, can and should be rationally criticized, and (if they have empirical content) can and should be subjected to tests which may refute them.
		According to the critical rationalist, if there is a sense in which humans accrue knowledge positively by experience, it is only by pivoting observations off existing conjectural theories pertinent to the observations, or off underlying cognitive schemas which unconsciously handle perceptions and use them to generate new theories.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Critical_rationalism (890 words)

	popperschule.at - Critical Rationalism
		Rationality, according to critical rationalism, is wholly a matter of method; and this rationality in no way rubs off on, or has any effect on, the outcomes of our intellectual endeavours.
		Critical rationalism proposes that the answer to this second question is that theories are unchanged by their interaction with experience.
		Critical rationalism is to my mind a refreshing and an inspiring thesis, allowing us to see that a great deal of the epistemological tradition, which has been concerned with how and in what way our theories are justified, if only inconclusively, by our intellectual investigations, is unnecessary.
	www.popperschule.at /schule/criticalrationalism.htm (4224 words)

	Rationalism at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Rationalism, also known as the rationalist movement, is a philosophical doctrine that asserts that the truth should be determined by reason and factual analysis, rather than faith, dogma or religious teaching.
		Rationalism has some similarities in ideology and intent to secular humanism and atheism, in that it aims to provide a framework for social and philosophical discourse outside of religious or supernatural beliefs.
		Although there is a strong atheistic influence in modern rationalism, with prominent rational scientists such as Richard Dawkins holding atheistic beliefs, not all rationalists are atheists, and there is a greater compatibility with agnosticism (which asserts that the existence of god is irrelevant or indeterminable) than strong atheism.
	springknow.com /Rationalism.html (555 words)

	Miller's Defence of Bartley's Pancritical Rationalism
		Rationalism without C2 would not aim to be comprehensive and it would be a very weak form of rationalism, so weak that according to C1 a non-justified (or an unjustifiable) absurd belief could still be rational.
		The critical rationalist and the irrationalist differ in having different irrational commitments, but they also differ in that the critical rationalist intends to minimize her irrationalism; thus, the critical rationalist argues that a minimal form of irrationalism is morally preferable to exuberant forms of irrationalism.
		Then a moral decision in favour of critical rationalism would be circular, therefore, a moral judgement in favour of critical rationalism is in the end justificatory useless, but this is all as well, since the critical rationalist openly admits that she has to assume dogmatically her high valuation of argument.
	www.sorites.org /Issue_15/cintora.htm (2472 words)

	catallaxy » Blog Archive » Critical rationalism and Soviet science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Critical preferences are provisional in the sense that they can change in the light of new circumstances or new evidence.
		Critical preferences are formed and changed in the process of learning and investigation, unlike beliefs which are held with religious intensity so they tend to remain fixed and maybe even beyond reach of any kind of argument.
		Critical preferences may be held with passion as well, but that does not enhance the validity of the position, it just indicates that we think the issues at stake are important.
	www.badanalysis.com /catallaxy/?p=558 (1563 words)

	[No title]
		CRITICAL RATIONALISM IN ATHEISM The purpose of this essay is to briefly review the philosophy of Critical Rationalism and present some of its implications for atheism.
		The goal of rationalism may be taken as the building of a system of thought founded on premises that cannot be doubted.
		Rather than rationally justifying what is to be believed, he argues that it is necessary, and enough, to expose our hypotheses to testing.
	www.angelfire.com /art/megathink/articles/Critical.txt (969 words)

	Miller's Defence of Bartley's Pancritical Rationalism
		Rationalism without C2 would not aim to be comprehensive and it would be a very weak form of rationalism, so weak that according to C1 a non-justified (or an unjustifiable) absurd belief could still be rational.
		The critical rationalist and the irrationalist differ in having different irrational commitments, but they also differ in that the critical rationalist intends to minimize her irrationalism; thus, the critical rationalist argues that a minimal form of irrationalism is morally preferable to exuberant forms of irrationalism.
		Then a moral decision in favour of critical rationalism would be circular, therefore, a moral judgement in favour of critical rationalism is in the end justificatory useless, but this is all as well, since the critical rationalist openly admits that she has to assume dogmatically her high valuation of argument.
	www.ifs.csic.es /sorites/Issue_15/cintora.htm (2472 words)

	[No title]
		Ayer's move from panrationalism to critical rationalism results in a conservatism, in which 'the business of the philosopher becomes to analyze, and state as principles, the patterns of accepted ways of thinking and speaking.' (1983:101).
		Pancritical rationalism goes further in that it also abandons 'the demand that everything else except the standards be proved or justified by appealing to the authority of the standards, or by some other means.
		The inevitable result was that criticism was made in an authoritarian manner: 'Your belief is irrational because it cannot be justified in terms of my absolute standard of justification.' Or, in a weaker strategy, the criticism is that a belief conflicts with the rational authority (rather than that it cannot be derived from it).
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/2564/i1p4.htm (3914 words)

	Critical Rationalism - 1
		"Critical Rationalism" (CR) is the name given to a strand of philosophy that considers the nature of problems and their solutions.
		Hence the name, "critical rationalism", We should be daring in our hypotheses, but once we have created them, we should be rigorous in testing them against observation and experiment, and willing to ditch them when they fail the tests.
		Personally, I sometimes get depressed by the way that debate often turns out on the Internet: criticism of an idea (not of a person) is followed by a personal attack on the character and motives of the other person, or with assertions that the other person has views that he or she does not possess.
	www.telinco.co.uk /burnham/popper.htm (2709 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": "Neopositivism: Linguistic Philosophy & Critical Rationalism" by Andras Gedo
		Critical rationalism poses such a revised positivist epistemology in social and historical theory, while its keynote is the open and aggressive criticism of Marxism and communism.
		Critical rationalism tries to reestablish the philosophies of "life" and "being" within the frame of a modified and—compared to other bourgeois streams—open positivism; it does not overcome but reproduces the basic formular of the crisis of late-bourgeois philosophy.
		Critical rationalism exercises a certain influence on some philosophical interpretations in the theoretical development of biology that confounds and relativizes epistemological realism with idealistic and antidialectical notions.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/gedoco2a.html (6113 words)

	Makoto Kogawara
		Their mutual criticism easily leads them to confront the Muenchhausen Trilemma of the infinite regression, logical circulation and interruption of the justification, since they are, consciously or unconsciously, under the sway of justificationism.
		In this type of criticism it does not matter who, well known or unknown, criticizes statements or theories, though the names of successful critics are indexes by which we are in thanks able to remember the incompatibility between the statements or between the theories.
		According to the upward rationality it is in fact rational to criticize the foundation which justificationism supposes to be privileged and immune from any criticism.
	www.law.keio.ac.jp /~popper/kogawara3.html (4862 words)

	Debunking Popper: A Critique of Karl Popper's Critical Rationalism, by Nicholas Dykes
		When one examines Critical Rationalism, for example, one soon notices that it is based on questionable premises; that its internal logic is seriously flawed; that it is inconsistent with other elements of Popper's thought; and that it leads to conflicts with his own publicly stated convictions.
		Critical Rationalism has also been referred to, by Popper himself and by others, as the theory of falsification, or falsificationism, and as fallibilism.
		Critical Rationalism is not a replacement for induction, it is an exaggerated focus on the negative element of induction.
	www.libertarian.co.uk /lapubs/philn/philn065.htm (11148 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": Igor Naletov: "Alternatives to Positivism": Metaphysics of "Critical ...
		This change does not yield to rational explanation in terms of logic as it is rooted in the professional feeling of the scientific community: either the community possesses the necessary means for solving “puzzles”, or, if such means are not available, the community has to create them.
		The history of “critical rationalism” shows that Popper’s initial call to.turn to the analysis of the development of science has proved, as it were, a Trojan horse for critical rationalism.
		Indeed, the history of “critical rationalism” has vividly demonstrated that the traditional logical approach with its orientation on the “natural” laws of rational thinking suffers a complete fiasco whenever it is applied to the problems of growth and development of knowledge.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/naletov12.html (11016 words)

	Agreeing to Disagree: Bartley's Critique of Reason. By Rafe Champion
		He concedes that the critics of rationalism are correct in pointing out the logical flaw in the premises of those theories which demand that only rationally justified beliefs should be accepted.
		This new theory of rationality is not a theory of justified belief, it is a theory of critical preference between options.
		Threats to rationality are often depleted as psychological (Freud and Jung), or sociological (Marx) or due to relativity (Einstein) or uncertainty, indeterminism and incompleteness (Heisenberg, Godel).
	www.the-rathouse.com /bartagree.html (2746 words)

	Pancritical Rationalism
		Ayer states that it is "impossible to provide a rational justification for basic philosophical standards, principles, and procedures" or to give a proof "that what we regard as rational procedure really is so; that our conception of what constitutes good evidence really is right."7 Ayer's concession means he avoids claiming more than he logically can.
		Crucial to grasping the essence of pancritical rationalism is the realization that, in the past, the concept of criticism has always been fused with the concept of justification.
		The inevitable result was that criticism was made in an authoritarian manner: "You belief is irrational because it cannot be justified in terms of my absolute standard of justification." Or, in a weaker strategy, the criticism is that a belief conflicts with the rational authority (rather than that it cannot be derived from it).
	www.maxmore.com /pcr.htm (7246 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Critical Rationalism
		Critical rationalists (such as Ian Barbour, who used critical rationalism to define these concepts) contend there is no absolute that can be meaningfully ascertained.
		A critical rationalist doesn't necessarily assert that there is no 'truth' or 'falsehood'; he/she merely asserts that 'truth' and 'falsehood' are relative values useful in establishing a meaningful context.
		A strong critical rationalist alternates freely between logical and fideist modes of thinking, recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of each; a critical rationalist also recognizes that critical rationalism is itself a model of limited value, although he would assess it as the model with the most flexibility of the three.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A262739 (1274 words)

	Pan Critical Rationalism
		Pan Critical Rationalism sponsors the growth of knowledge aided and abetted by relentless creative and imaginative criticism.
		The stance of Pan Critical Rationalism is not a position, it is a metacontext and as such it is not directed at solving the kind of problems that are solved by adopting a position on some issue or other.
		Bartley's attempt to escape from Justificationism is expounded in The Retreat To Commitment (also known as Critical Preference or Comprehensive Critical Rationalism).
	clublet.com /c/c/why?PanCriticalRationalism (344 words)

	Rodopi
		Critical Rationalism has become an influential philosophy in many areas including a great number of scientific disciplines.
		Leading scholars in the educational science and in the philosophy of education have critically written for this volume in an attempt to elaborate Popper's methodological and socio-political views and confront them with a globally relevant spectrum of scientific objectives and cultural values.
		Among the topics discussed are moral values, education for freedom and its consequences for the student, and the critical attitude in political education.
	www.rodopi.nl /senj.asp?BookId=KRITRAT+11 (338 words)

	Comments on Pancritical Rationalism
		What distinguishes PCR from the older idea of critical rationalism is that critical rationalism could not defend itself against the accusation of an irrational commitment to rationality.
		Most proponents of critical rationalism who addressed the topic conceded that there could be no rational justification of rationalism itself.
		Although critical rationalism was not itself justifiable, PCR is itself criticizable, and therefore meets its own critierion of rationality.
	mars.superlink.net /~neptune/PCR.html (1549 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The trick is to turn the critical technologies to the task of discriminating between rationalism and its competitors.
		An example of PCR would be examination of whether critical argument would be possible, whether discrimination between true and false would be possible, without the logical law of noncontradiction.
		So we start with noncontradiction, conjectured, and accepted on the basis of surviving strong intellectual criticism better than any of its competitors, and now we can in turn use it (as the criterion of logical consistency) as a technology of criticism in evaluating and selecting among more complex competing conjectures.
	www.idiom.com /~arkuat/meme/pcr-ewf2.txt (385 words)

	rationalism philosophy information uk
		IN PRAISE OF RATIONALISM Inaugural address of the II I come to praise rationalism, to point out the great power itis useful to begin with defining "rationalism".
		27 November 2002 Critical Rationalism: a personal account Introductionof the Framework "Critical Rationalism" (CR) is the name given to a strandintended as an introduction to Critical Rationalism.
		Blake detested industrialisation - the "dark satanic mills" of his poem - as well as urbanisation, materialism, rationalism and the political and religious establishment that ruled in his day.
	www.v8go.co.uk /information/philosophy/rationalism.asp (261 words)

	Popper Philosophy / karl popper scientific progress / Karl Popper / critical rationalism Popper / Karl Popper ...
		The basic notions 'consciousness and understanding of the Rational Paradigm proved to be tricky and almost complete filters for sense experiences of reality, but more addictive than sex.
		Not that strange because falsification is meant to falsify theories that are not 'rational'.
		Popper himself said about the critical attitude in 1968: Even those who, like myself, cannot follow Kant all the way can accept his view that the experimenter must not wait till it pleases nature to reveal its secrets, but that he must question her.
	huizen.daxis.nl /~henkt/popper-scientific-philosophy.html (6044 words)

	Paul Feyerabend (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Paul Feyerabend (b.1924, d.1994), having studied science at the University of Vienna, moved into philosophy for his doctoral thesis, made a name for himself both as an expositor and (later) as a critic of Karl Popper's “critical rationalism”, and went on to become one of this century's most famous philosophers of science.
		An imaginative maverick, he became a critic of philosophy of science itself, particularly of “rationalist” attempts to lay down or discover rules of scientific method.
		Ehrenhaft was known as a fierce and independent critic of all kinds of orthodoxy in physics, but was sometimes thought of as a charlatan.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/feyerabend (16100 words)

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