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| | Feminist Ethics |
 | | To date Gilligan's critics have focused either on the relationship between justice and care, considered as two, gender-neutral perspectives on morality, or on the fact, that women are culturally associated with care and men are culturally associated with justice. |
 | | Other non-feminist critics fault Gilligan not for claiming that care is a genuine moral virtue equal in value to justice, but for suggesting that this is ethical "news." These critics stress that two, not one, basic principles of prima facie obligation, benevolence and justice, have always ruled traditional western ethics. |
 | | To be sure, from the standpoint of traditional western ethics, a mother's refusal to subordinate the concrete life of her child to the abstract commands of duty or higher law indicates her underdevelopment as a moral agent. |
| plato.stanford.edu /entries/feminism-ethics (10044 words) |
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