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Topic: Croatia in the first Yugoslavia

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Croatia in the union with Hungary

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Medieval Croatian state

History of Yugoslavia

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In the News (Mon 16 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

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Match Play

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Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

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Hugh Jackman

	History of Croatia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first King of Croatia, Tomislav of the Trpimirović dynasty, was crowned in 925.
		Croatia received some autonomy in 1939 with a reshuffling of the provinces, but the militarist regime in Belgrade crumbled in 1941 and the Axis powers quickly occupied Yugoslavia.
		Croatia became part of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia in 1945, which was run by Tito's Communist Party of Yugoslavia.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Croatia (2095 words)

	Croatia in the first Yugoslavia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On June 28, 1921, a crucial change in the constitution was passed which centralized authority in the capital of Belgrade and intentionally completely redrew internal borders resulting in Serbs being the majority in most of the regions.
		Yugoslavia continued on its path towards a completely militarist society, arming for possible war with its neighbours Italy and Bulgaria.
		The royal Yugoslavia also had religious issues detrimental to the Croatian population, as the government was unable to ratify a Concordat with the Vatican.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Croatia_in_the_first_Yugoslavia (1075 words)

	Press Release 2002-34: Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Croatia, in the Knin region, eastern and western Slavonia, and Dalmatia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is liable for the ‘ethnic cleansing’ of Croatian citizens from these areas.
		Croatia further claims that a great number of explosive devices of various kinds were planted in Croatia, currently rendering some 300,000 hectares of arable land unusable, and that around 25 per cent of its total economic capacity, including major facilities such as the Adriatic pipeline, was damaged or destroyed.
		Croatia, in its own right and as parens patriae for its citizens, reparations for damages to persons and property, as well as to the Croatian economy and environment caused by the foregoing violations of international law in a sum to be determined by the Court".
	www.icj-cij.org /icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2002/ipresscom2002-34_cry_20021120.htm (741 words)

	Serbian Nationalism and the Origins of the Yugoslav Crisis: PEACEWORKS 8s: Publications: U.S. Institute of Peace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union shared the same types of multinational federal institutions, ethno-demographic mix of populations, and large diaspora communities whose status would change significantly with the dismemberment of both federal states.
		Yugoslavia was an institutionalized multinational state that managed to contain, in the full sense of the word, disparate and seemingly intractable national questions.
		The first was the breakdown of the value system of socialist internationalism, which tipped the delicate balance between socialist universalism and ethnic particularism in favor of the latter.
	www.usip.org /oc/sr/pesic/pesic.html (3127 words)

	United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - Summary Record - Croatia, United Nations ...
		She had taken note of Croatia's wish to succeed to the former Yugoslavia and to apply the Covenant, but wanted to express a number of concerns.
		First, there could be no doubt that the State was responsible for acts committed by its agents in a third country.
		It was therefore clear that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was directly responsible, in view of the fact that entire towns had been bombarded mercilessly by the Federal army and that elements of that army were still ravaging Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as indicated by all reports on the subject.
	www.unhchr.ch /tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CCPR.C.SR.1202.En?Opendocument (7282 words)

	SEND International - Christian Missions
		Croatia was the scene of brutal warfare in the early '90s as the result of the breakup of the former Yugoslavia.
		Yugoslavia is invaded by Nazi Germany and partitioned.
		The "Anti-fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia" (the partisan parliament) meets on November 29 in the town of Jayce and declares a new Yugoslavian state, with Josip Broz Tito as Marshal.
	www.send.org /croatia/history.htm (476 words)

	France, Croatia seek first final
		Croatia has known nothing but stunning success in the one tournament it's entered.
		It also is seeking to become the first host nation in 20 years to reach the final, but has lost its scoring touch along the way.
		Suker believes Croatia has the edge because it will be fresher for the semifinal than France, which needed a sudden-death overtime goal to down Paraguay in the second round and penalty kicks to overcome Italy after a scoreless draw in the quarterfinal.
	www.canoe.ca /SoccerWCSemis/jul7_fra.html (710 words)

	CNN - Polls close in Croatia's first parliamentary elections after Tudjman - January 3, 2000
		ZAGREB, Croatia -- Croatians awaited initial results from Monday's parliamentary elections that could end a decade of autocratic rule by the nationalist party of the late President Franjo Tudjman and help improve relations with the West.
		The first results were expected by 2330 GMT from more than 4 million Croats who were eligible to vote.
		Observers said the 1997 election of Tudjman was "fundamentally flawed," and the West has accused his HDZ party of not respecting human rights and failing to cooperate fully with a United Nations war crimes tribunal in The Hague.
	www.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/europe/01/03/croatia.elections.02/index.html (646 words)

	Croatian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Since Croatia is situated on the "crossroad" between middle east, eastern and western Europe it played an important role in keeping the Turks and scaviging Asian tribes from penetrating into the heart of the European continent.
		After the first world war and Austro-Hungarian defeat, Croatia entered the first Yugoslavia that was created to preserve the expansionistic appetites of the neighboring Italy and Greece.
		Yugoslavia was the kingdome of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes with the Serb family Karadjordje on the throne.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/ddupljak/history.html (485 words)

	Croatia - historical and cultural overview
		Croatia ruled by the Habsburgs, as a member of the Habsburg Crown (1527-1918, Austro Hungarian Empire from 1867 to 1918), parts of Croatia under Venice, Turkish Ottoman Empire and France,
		Ibler was ambassador of the Republic of Croatia in Sweden.
		From 1918 to 1929 Croatia was one of the states in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians.
	www.hr /darko/etf/et01.html (5472 words)

	Croatia
		The flag was very clearly visible in one moment when the director of the coverage choosed to show what's being done white the flags when the athletes reach their final point - they were gathered on the stage, and the moment of setting of the Croatian flag was shown.
		The tradition in Slovenia and Croatia is taken up after some years of breaking, and there it is felt that the flags withotu the coat of arms are not appropriate (unrecognizable), so the coat of arms are retained and not even rotated, but could be "read" along the vertical axis.
		It is the first time since the declaration of independence that this flag is displayed publicly.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/hr.html (1981 words)

	Croatia (08/05)
		Croatia is made up of 20 counties plus the city of Zagreb and controls 1,185 islands in the Adriatic Sea, 67 of which are inhabited.
		Croatia is in the midst of pursuing a policy of greater Euro-Atlantic integration.
		Croatia was admitted on May 25, 2000 into the Partnership for Peace program--which was designed by North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states in 1994 to strengthen Euro-Atlantic security--and, in May 2002, was welcomed into NATO’s Membership Action Program, a key step toward NATO membership.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3166.htm (2610 words)

	Central Europe Review - Match Point, Badly Played
		In Croatia, the new climate led to the establishment of the Serbo-Croat (or Croato-Serb) Coalition, which saw strong Serbo-Croatian legislative and political cooperation from 1906-1912.
		The Partisan organization in Croatia grew quickly, and while Croatian Serbs were a majority among the Croatian detachments, Tito's forces had marshaled more than 30,000 men in Croatia by 1942, 100,000 by 1943, and nearly 175,000 by 1944.
		In total, 51,000 Croats died as Partisans in Croatia, 47,000 in their home villages and cities in Nazi and NDH reprisal attacks and in accidents of war, 20,000 perished in prisons and concentration camps as political dissidents, and 70,000 were killed while wearing collaborationist colors.
	www.ce-review.org /00/19/fitzpatrick19.html (2577 words)

	Breakup of Yugoslavia: 1990-1997
		In March and April of 1990 Slovenia and Croatia held their first multi-party elections in almost 50 years.
		According to the post-Tito Constitution, the federal presidency, the highest executive position, was to be chosen each year by a different Yugoslav state.
		The republics of Serbia and Montenegro proclaimed a Federation Republic of Yugoslavia on April 17, 1992.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/EastEurope/YugoBreakup.html (728 words)

	Investigative Summary
		It was the objective of the Serb forces to detach this area from Croatia and to annex it to Montenegro.
		The Republic of Croatia, formerly one of the six republics of the SFRY, is located in south-eastern Europe and borders Slovenia and Hungary to the north and north-east and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the east and south.
		Although the JNA officially withdrew from Croatia in May 1992, large portions of its weaponry and personnel remained in the Serb-held areas and were turned over to the "police" of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK).
	www.un.org /icty/indictment/english/mil-ai021023.htm (8298 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Publications: Europe and Central Asia : Croatia
		The report is based on two years of research involving a comprehensive review of local legislation and extensive interviews with returned refugees, temporary occupants of their houses, and representatives of Serb civic associations, national and local governmental bodies, international organizations, and Croatian human rights groups.
		However, there remain concerns that the transition may be accompanied or followed by serious violations of human rights, as occurred after Croatia recaptured the Krajina, or by a mass exodus of Serbs in the region, repeating on a much broader scale the problems that arose during the transition of authority in Sarajevo=s suburbs last year.
		First, because developments throughout the region suggest that protection for media freedoms fall well short of international standards.
	www.hrw.org /hrw/pubweb/Webcat-30.htm (2440 words)

	Croatia - Atlapedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is bound by Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast and the Adriatic Sea to the west and southwest.
		In 1948 Yugoslavia was expelled from the Cominform or Communist International for refusing to become subordinate to the Soviet parent party and economic embargoes were imposed against Yugoslavia by the Soviet bloc countries.
		On Jan. 15, 1992 Croatia was officially recognized by the EU followed by the US on Apr. 15, 1992 and Croatia was officially admitted to the UN on May 22, 1992.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/croatia.htm (1500 words)

	Chapter 3
		He was, in fact, a liaison with the main Nazi Intelligence Agent in Yugoslavia, D. Tomljenovitch, former Austrian officer and a Catholic, to whom he passed details of all the secret deliberations on defense which took place in the Yugoslav Cabinet, of which he was a member.
		It was thanks to the support of the Croat people and of the Croat revolution, which have shortened the duration of the war in Yugoslavia, greatly reduced the losses of the Germans and Italians, and permitted, at the Eastern frontier of Serbia, the death-blow to be given to Yugoslavia.
		The idea of a third, that of Croatia, fired him with the most admirable democratic conviction that three crowns upon the head of one single man might be considered by envious masses as a genuine social injustice.
	www.reformation.org /holoc3.html (3782 words)

	WHKMLA : Croatia within Yugoslavia, 1929-1941
		The movement refused to recognize citizenship rights within a future Croatia to anyone but Croats, claimed all territories which historically have belonged to Croatia and emphasized pure Croatian descent, thus adopting the racist and expansionist ideology of contemporary fascist movements.
		Croatia included all of modern Croatia (except the Italian-held territories of Istria and Zara) and western Herzegovina.
		The banovina was granted a certain degree of autonomy (in the fields of internal affairs, education, industry, trade); moderate Croatians thus had finally achieved a long-term goal.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/balkans/croat19291941.html (440 words)

	Animation in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Start and an Abrupt Stop
		Everything in socialist Yugoslavia was ruled by the communist party and was in the hands of the State, so no animator could do anything on his or her own.
		First of all, filmmakers were not rich enough to buy things, like a camera, editing table, film stock, or even cels and paper for drawing, for themselves.
		Besides, Yugoslavia was at that time an undivided country and ambitious artists already had a place to go for developing their skills and ideas.
	www.awn.com /mag/issue3.7/3.7pages/3.7sesicbosnia.html (2510 words)

	Persecution of Croats in the First Yugoslavia and its Political Consequences - An Introductory Evaluation
		From October 29, when the Croatian Sabor (Parliament) severed Croatia's ties with the Habsburg Monarchy till December 1, 1918, when the common state was proclaimed, all leading Croatian political, cultural, and religious persons who were seen as political opponents to the union, were either arrested, physically threatened, and/or lost their jobs.
		A month later, the first post-war political trial in Zagreb was over and 23 Croats were sentenced from one and a half to ten years of prison.
		The biggest obstacle to SRNAO's expansion in Croatia was the split between Svetozar Pribicevic, the main Serb politician in Croatia, and his former allies in Belgrade.
	crostudies.50megs.com /hist_pers.html (5518 words)

	CBBC Newsround \| MILOSEVIC ON TRIAL \| The first war: Croatia
		Serbs who lived in Croatia were worried they would lose out and turned to Milosevic for help.
		There was a lot of cruel and bitter fighting, and by the end of 1991, the Serbs had taken control of a third of Croatia.
		But although they were winning the fight, thousands of soldiers had died and lots of other countries refused to trade with Yugoslavia, because they didn't agree with the fighting.
	news.bbc.co.uk /cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/world/milosevic_on_trial/newsid_1816000/1816735.stm (94 words)

	Amazon.com: Lonely Planet Croatia (1st ed): Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Michelin Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia And Herzegovina, Serbia And Montenegro,The Former Yug.
		Considering that Croatia endured 50 years inside Yugoslavia (Croatia was virtually imprisoned inside Yugoslavia) and Croatia was 1/3 occupied by Serbian and the 50 billion dollar damage the war caused it is a miracle that Croatia is were it is today.
		I would recomend this book if you are interested in travelling to Croatia in the near furure.Since there is a lack of publications on Croatia this book will just have to do.I hope the authors fix their mistakes in the next edition and if they do so it can potentially be excellent.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0864426461?v=glance (1696 words)

	ESPN.com: TENNIS - Makeshift U.S. eliminated again in Davis Cup's first round
		The United States certainly didn't have Pete Sampras on Sunday when it was eliminated by Croatia in the first round of the Davis Cup.
		Croatia, on the other hand, moves on, playing Spain in the quarterfinals.
		Against Croatia, he could not even turn to Andy Roddick, who was out with a wrist injury.
	espn.go.com /tennis/news/2003/0209/1506392.html (709 words)

	Working Dogs Book Store - Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation (Laura Silber , Allan Little)
		Slovenia and Croatia assumed a high level of industry due to the fact they had cheap natural resources that mostly came from Serbia and Kosovo.
		This pursue of the greater Serbian ideology led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia; Serbia first attacked Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and ultimately Kosovo.
		People seeking to understand the root causes of the breakup of Yugoslavia and the subsequent devestation of the country are strongly advised to read this masterpiece.
	www.workingdogs.com /bookstore/us/product/0140262636.htm (1260 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Croatia sends first shipment of crude oil to Yugoslavia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This first shipment serves as a test for the future, when a total of 200,000 tons will be transported to the Yugoslav refineries in Pancevo and Novi Sad by the end of this year, JANAF officials said.
		But the deal was frozen following the imposition of international sanctions on Belgrade in retaliation for the crackdown against ethnic Albanian separatists in the province of Kosovo in 1999.
		The shipment follows the recent announcement by Croatia's national oil and gas company, Ina, that it was ready to supply Yugoslavia with more than 1.5 mm tons of oil and oil products.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/nte05087.htm (201 words)

	Yugoslavia, History
		In 1990 American and German politicians push Yugoslavia off the cliff.
		Yugoslavia, member state and one of the founding states of the U.N. is derecognized in record time.
		Rashka (also known as "Sandzak") and then Vojvodina will be the next to be pried away from Serbia and Yugoslavia.
	www.srpska-mreza.com /library/library.html (824 words)

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