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	The Reptipage: Crocodylian locomotion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Crocodylians use the "high walk", as it is termed, to traverse longer distances than would be comfortably possible with the belly crawl.
		When crocodylians are swimming around lazily enjoying the day they can be seen on the surface of the water with their arms and legs outstretched to keep them from rolling over.
		This occurs when crocodylians have built up enough speed underwater that they are able to launch themselves up and out at any object in their path.
	www.reptilis.net /crocodylia/moving.html (2158 words)

	The Reptipage: Crocodylian bodyplans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Unlike the four chambered hearts of birds and mammals, crocodylians have a special valve that allows their hearts to close off blood flow to the lungs (which are useless while underwater).
		According to this recent study, crocodylian "high walks" are actually derived from a fully erect stance and that the sprawl is a secondary re-evolution that is functionally different from the sprawls of extant lizards.
		Crocodylians have a secondary palate that fully separates their breathing tubes from the throat and therefore allows these animals to breathe while eating or while opening their mouths underwater.
	reptilis.net /crocodylia/bodyplan.html (1519 words)

	All About Alligators- Enchanted Learning Software
		Crocodylians (a group which includes alligators, crocodiles, gharials or gavials, caiman) appeared during the Cretaceous period, about 80 million years ago, towards the end of the Mesozoic Era, the Age of Reptiles.
		Crocodylian diversity peaked long ago; there are only 23 species alive now.
		Deinosuchus (meaning "terrible crocodile") was the largest crocodylian (a reptile but not a dinosaur), growing up to 50 feet (15 meters) long.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/Alligator.shtml (1183 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Rhamphosuchus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It is only known from incomplete sets of fossils, mostly teeth and skulls, but palaeontologists estimate that it was the largest crocodylian that ever lived, reaching a length of 15 to 18 m (50-60 ft).
		Another crocodylian, Purussaurus from the same era but living in Brazil is estimated to be of similar size from an equally incomplete fossil set.
		The only other crocodylians which even come close are the Late Cretaceous Deinosuchus and Early Cretaceous Sarcosuchus.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Rhamphosuchus (191 words)

	Crocodylian snouts toward adaptive radiation American Zoologist - Find Articles
		In contrast, crocodylian faunas of the later Tertiary tend to be more endemic, with local adaptive radiations occurring in Africa and Australia containing members of most basic snout shapes.
		Extinct crown-group crocodylians outnumber their living relatives by a wide margin, and there were times in the past where worldwide crocodyliform diversity clearly exceeded levels seen today, with only 23 living species (Taplin, 1984; Hutchison, 1982, 1992; Markwick, 1998; Vasse and Hua, 1998).
		Recent explorations of crocodylian phylogenetics, including a variety of data sets (both morphological and molecular) and considering both extant and extinct members of the group (Brochu and Densmore, 2001), give us a phylogenetic backbone for the study of adaptive radiation.
	www.parental-control-software.info /p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_200106/ai_n8975377 (760 words)

	SICB - 2002 meeting - Abstract Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Whereas it is widely held that the turtle entoplastron is homologous with the dermal interclavicle, the avian furcula is considered the homologue of the paired clavicles of mammals.
		The avian furcula and crocodylian dermal interclavicle are positioned medial to the procoracoids and cranial to the sternum, along the ventral-most aspect of the pectoral apparatus.
		A systematic comparison of skeletogenesis of the avian furcula, crocodylian dermal interclavicle and mammalian clavicle is discussed, and in this context an alternative scenario involving an interclavicular origin of the furcula is considered.
	www.sicb.org /meetings/2003/schedule/abstractdetails.php3?id=339 (255 words)

	American Museum of Natural History
		In this case, the similarity between the new crocodylian relative and ostrich dinosaurs is quite strong despite the fact that the animals are only distantly related.
		Crocodylians generally conserve their body forms across evolutionary time.
		This new crocodylian relative proves an exception, with a skull and skeleton that is identical in many ways to those found in ostrich dinosaurs.
	www.naturalhistory.com /science/papers/crocodile.php (605 words)

	..::treeBASE::.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Then we sequenced an 1100bp fragment that includes both coding and non-coding regions, as well as informative indels, for one species in each extant crocodylian genus and six avian outgroups.
		Phylogenetic analyses using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference all strongly agree on the same tree, which is identical to the tree found in previous molecular analyses: Gavialis and Tomistoma are sister taxa, and together are the sister group of Crocodylidae.
		To explore the causes of discrepancy between molecular and morphological estimates of crocodylian phylogeny, we examined puzzling features of the morphological data using a priori partitions of the data based on anatomical regions, and investigated the effects of different codings of two obvious morphological similarities of the two gharials.
	www.phylo.org /treebase/view/view_study.php?studyID=S880 (276 words)

	Archosaur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		There are two primary groups - the ornithosuchians, which include dinosaur s and pterosaur s, and the pseudosuchians, which include the crocodylian s.
		They are today represented by the bird s, descendants of dinosaurs, and crocodylians.
		The birds are traditionally treated as a class Aves, and the others as a subclass Archosauria within the class Reptilia.
	www.randomnugget.com /resource-Archosaur.html (158 words)

	Crocodylian Snouts in Space and Time: Phylogenetic Approaches Toward Adaptive Radiation -- Brochu 41 (3): 564 -- ...
		crocodylian species, this cannot be stated with certainty.
		crocodylian that happens to be rather narrow is arbitrary.
		New tomistomine crocodylian from the middle Eocene (Bartonian) of Wadi Hitan, Fayum Province, Egypt.
	icb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/41/3/564 (6216 words)

	DEVELOPING ESR DATING FOR CROCODYLIAN TEETH: STABILITY, INTERFERENCE SIGNAL RESOLUTION, AND APPLICATIONS TO ...
		In central India, crocodylian teeth associated with hominid crania and Paleolithic tools also occur in the Narmada River system's deposits.
		Although a strongly radiation-sensitive hydroxyapatite (HAP) signal was present in the crocodylian enamel, Fe interference peaks reduced the accumulated dose and ESR age accuracy.
		Crocodylian teeth with low Fe are datable using the same preparation protocol as that used for mammalian teeth.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2006AM/finalprogram/abstract_113526.htm (422 words)

	Digimorph - Calsoyasuchus valliceps (Fossil Crocodylian)
		These are among the most distinctive features of modern crocodylians, yet the evolutionary history of this unique system has been obscured by the inaccessibility of internal structures in most fossil crania.
		Goniopholididae became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous, but it is more closely related to living crocodylians than are several lineages known only from Cretaceous and younger fossils.
		The new taxon nearly doubles the known length of goniopholid history and implies a deep, as yet undiscovered, Mesozoic history for several crocodyliform lineages that were once thought to have relatively complete fossil records.
	www.digimorph.org /specimens/calsoyasuchusvalliceps (1375 words)

	Brochu Recent Publications
		A new gavialoid crocodylian from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America and the phylogenetic relationships of thoracosaurs.
		A gavialoid crocodylian from the Lower Miocene of Venezuela.
		Crocodylian snouts in space and time: phylogenetic approaches toward adaptive radiation.
	webpages.acs.ttu.edu /ldensmor/brochupubs.htm (431 words)

	Amazon.de: King of the Crocodylians: The Paleobiology of Deinosuchus: English Books: David R. Schwimmer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Toward the end of the Age of Dinosaurs, during a time known as the Late Cretaceous, a new type of giant predator appeared along the southern coasts of North America.
		How and why the crocodylian crossed the seaway is the focus of a key chapter in the book.
		There is also detailed discussion of the methods used to determine the size of these giant animals, how we can date the fossils and describe their living environments, and why we can be sure who at whom 80 million years ago.
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/ASIN/025334087X (443 words)

	Hell Creek Formation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Commercial excavations bring Hell Creek fossils onto the market, usually dinosaur teeth, crocodylian osteoderm fragments, and dermal plates of fossil gars.
		A representative selection of Hell creek fossils can be seen at the Museum of the Rockies, in Bozeman, Montana.
		^ The presence of crocodylians suggests a sub-tropical climate, with no prolonged annual cold.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hell_Creek_Formation (405 words)

	Amazon.ca: King of the Crocodylians: The Paleobiology of Deinosuchus: Books: David R. Schwimmer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		King of the Crocodylians: The Paleobiology of Deinosuchus written by David R. Schwimmer is a book about the giant chrocdylians that used to inhabit the eastern and western gulf coastal plains of the interior seaway that ran through the North American continent in the late Cretaceous period, also up the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
		A major focus of this book, besides the giant crocodylians themselves, is the unique ecosystems and conditions of these southern Late Cretaceous coastal habitats that enabled such crocodylian populations to develop and flourish for a significant amount of geological time.
		Schwimmers shows just how important crocodylian osteoderms are, and using traits of these osteoderms, shows that erect walking (aka "high walking") was possible in even the largest _Deinosuchus_ specimen.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/025334087X (1723 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Closure of neurocentral sutures in the crocodylian vertebral column follows a distinct caudal to cranial sequence during ontogeny.
		Because these transformations occur near the end of ontogeny in all three taxa, regardless of maximum size, closure of these sutures is a size-independant criterion of maturity; however, it is not certain if suture closure indicates the stoppage of growth.
		These transformations are readily identifiable in fossils, permitting the objective characterization of maturity in fossil crocodylians and possibly at least some of their closer extinct relatives.
	www.vertpaleo.org /jvp/16-49-62.html (198 words)

	Aiken Elementary School All About Alligators
		The American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is a large crocodylian reptile found throughout the southeastern United States.
		Individuals as long as 19 feet have been reported, but ten or eleven feet is more typical for large adults.
		Other crocodylians, like the Nile crocodile of Africa and the Indopacific saltwater crocodile, are genuine man eaters.
	www.ontariosd.k12.or.us /aiken/Alligator.htm (335 words)

	The Reptipage: Crocodylians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The crocodylians are a unique order of extant reptiles with a natural history extending back over 200 million years.
		Today's living representatives of the crocodylomorph line are rather conservative compared to other contemporary reptiles, but this has not stopped them from becoming top predators in much of their domain.
		A list of links to each separate family of crocodylian can be found below, followed by the genus and species.
	www.reptilis.net /crocodylia/overview.html (119 words)

	Book Review: King of the Crocodylians
		Another famous crocodylian that lived during the Age of Dinosaurs was Deinosuchus, and it is this creature whose life is explored in Dr. David R. Schwimmer’s book King of the Crocodylians: The Paleobiology of Deinosuchus.
		Schwimmer goes on in the Preface to briefly define what he means by the term crocodylian (he continues in greater detail in Chapter 7).
		In Chapter 1, “The Life and Times of a Giant Crocodylian,” Scwimmer sets the scene with an encounter in which a Deinosuchus explodes from a salt marsh to grab a primitive tyrannosauroid dinosaur in its teeth, mortally wounding it, and feeding on the corpse.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/paleontology/102393 (375 words)

	Gavialoidea
		Brochu, C. A., 2004: A new Late Cretaceous gavialoid crocodylian from eastern North America and the phylogenetic relationships of thoracosaurs.
		Brochu, C. A., 2006: Osteology and phylogenetic significance of Eosuchus minor (Marsh, 1870) new combination, a longirostrine crocodylian from the Late Paleocene of North America.
		Delfino, M., Piras, P. and Smith, T., 2005: Anatomy and phylogeny of the gavialoid crocodylian Eosuchus lerichei from the Paleocene of Europe.
	www.fmnh.helsinki.fi /users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Archosauria/Crocodylia/Gavialoidea.html (209 words)

	Deinosuchus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Deinosuchus is the largest crocodylian that ever lived and was the distant ancestor to modern crocodiles...
		King of the Crocodylians: The Paleobiology of Deinosuchus, David R. Schwimmer...
		About: Deinosuchus is the largest crocodylian that has ever lived...
	animalpatches.mikepatches.com /deinosuchus (821 words)

	Crocodiles
		Late Neogene crocodylian faunas from Libya and the Mediterranean area.
		African crocodylians in the Late Neogene of Europe.
		Phylogenetic position of the crocodylian Megadontosuchus arduini (de Zigno, 1880) and tomistomine palaeobiogeography.
	digilander.libero.it /tulse/crocs.htm (318 words)

	A Middle Jurassic /`sphenosuchian/' from China and the origin of the crocodylian skull : Nature
		The skull of living crocodylians is highly solidified and the jaw closing muscles are enlarged
		A new crocodylomorph from deposits in northwestern China of the poorly known Middle Jurassic epoch possesses a skull with several adaptations typical of living crocodylians.
		Thus, important features of the modern crocodylian skull evolved during a phase when the postcranial skeleton was evolving towards greater cursoriality, rather than towards their current semi-aquatic habitus.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/nature02802 (348 words)

	Alligators vs. Crocodiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		There are 23 living species of crocodylian, and in fact not all are properly alligators or crocodiles - the Indian gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is in a separate crocodylian lineage.
		Moreover, while some books use the word "crocodile" specifically for one of the crocodylids or "true crocodiles" (members of Crocodylus and Osteolaemus), others use "crocodile" to refer to any crocodylian, or even to a larger group of animals including Crocodylia and some extinct creatures not belonging to Crocodylia in the strictest sense.
		As a crocodile systematist, I regard a "crocodile," to be one of the the eleven living species of Crocodylus the single species of West African dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis), and those fossil taxa more closely related to them than to other crocodylians.
	proxy.searchbuffer.com /go.html?key=9cf03d4c970aba89ae61609b28d27420&base=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ectlab%2Egeo%2Eutexas%2Eedu%2Fdmg%2Fprojects%2Falligator%2Fhtml%2Fcroc%5Fvs%2E%5Fgator%2Ehtm&url=http%3A%2F%2Fc%2Eenhance%2Ecom%2Fc%3Fe1%3DoOAefOYQHAWAhoIa2TPMIYljlPKlLpH4rSXRM1fxCJblbduXCaEXg0sZTuyhjzukht2E3wwbyVX5LeWu2ljS5b2YAtNDHFPA3l0yTQE1FrSYpv5eNlSJJDvzbjb3Iyq0D0o0XL2hfWDSteN0aFXMfaKU4Sar3MOYPcr4WFbLja2tYrcZVOzMcn0fbkuavLvyM0etojmhEROaEtoP43uZFU5fNpbFsY3XIrdZaeYVMZZidsVeupsepVOeS3wyMSSK4vvuUw20zXzDMB2obBD1tUUcBRHojjy5W3JPYsAR%26h%3DBpTfzIFAvEvCFcCm3 (265 words)

	SICB - 2004 meeting - Abstract Details
		In the present study I sampled caniniform teeth from all 23 extant species of crocodylians.
		The 3-dimensional enamel microstructure was characterized by examining the tooth enamel in longitudinal, transverse, and oblique-tangential views using scaning electron microscopy.
		The results show that the amount of longitudinal wrinkling varies between species, and contributes greatly to the tooth surface morphology and may contribute to variable fracture toughness.
	www.sicb.org /meetings/2004/schedule/abstractdetails.php3?id=834 (123 words)

	Re: Crocodylian palpebrals (a bit late I know, but...) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		> I'm wondering if anyone has done a study to test which of the crocodylians > fought the most visciously - palpebrated or unpalpebrated (are these words?).
		Crocodylian palpebrals (a bit late I know, but...)
		Previous by thread: Crocodylian palpebrals (a bit late I know, but...)
	dml.cmnh.org /2000Apr/msg00143.html (218 words)

	Re: Sarcosuchus
		To call a pterosaur da dinosaurs is based on the popular wrong notion that every extinct big reptile (and even animal) was a dinosaur.
		The difference between crocodylian and pholidosaur is different, because based in complex cladistic concepts, and relatively modern.
		Next by Date: Re: Personal Perspectives [was crocodylians, amphibians...
	dinosaurmailinglist.cmnh.org /2001Oct/msg00721.html (575 words)

	CSIRO PUBLISHING - Australian Journal of Zoology
		In reality, it has yet to be demonstrated that the majority of fossil reptiles underpinning the story of reptilian domination were actually terrestrial.
		No postcranial evidence suggests that any Australian mekosuchine crocodylian was less aquatic than extant species, while a semi-aquatic habitus has been posited for madtsoiid snakes and even the giant varanid, Megalania.
		Taphonomic data equivocally supports the hypothesis that some Australian mekosuchines were better adapted to life on land than are most extant crocodylians, but still semi-aquatic and restricted to the near vicinity of major watercourses.
	www.publish.csiro.au /nid/90/paper/ZO01053.htm (521 words)

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