
	Where results make sense

Topic: Croix de Feu

Related Topics

Communist International

Brazilian Communist Party

Communist Party of Brazil

Politics of Brazil

Erastianism

Marvin Hagler

List of Communist Parties

1930

1983

1935

Integralist Party

In the News (Thu 16 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Croix de Feu -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Croix de Feu was a (The Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France) French (An advocate of national independence of or a strong national government) nationalist group of the Interwar period.
		In (An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) English the name is "Cross of Fire".
		Under François de la Rocque (1885-1946), it organized popular demonstrations in reaction to the (additional info and facts about Stavisky Affair) Stavisky Affair, hoping to overthrow the government.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cr/croix_de_feu.htm (159 words)

	mm1674.htm
		I think he is saying that instead of putting a "political" label on the Croix de Feu or other movement of the far right in France we should limit ourselves to describing "fairly and accurately" its politics (presumably in its specifically French context).
		The Croix de Feu could for example be both fascist and belong to a broader group of populist movements.
		To claim that the Croix de Feu is fascist and therefore that it has important features in common with Nazism or Italian fascism does not mean that we have said everything there is to say about the movement.
	www3.uakron.edu /hfrance/archives/mm1674.htm (858 words)

	Wikinfo \| François Mitterrand
		His first political act was to join the ultranationalist Croix de Feu, which he did in preference to the larger but equally conservative Action Francaise due to the proscription of the later organisation by the Vatican.
		In 1959, on the avenue de l'Observatoire in Paris, Mitterrand escaped an assassin's bullet by diving behind a hedge.
		In the Fifth Republic he stood in the Presidential elections against Charles de Gaulle in 1965 but was defeated.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=Fran%e7ois_Mitterrand (554 words)

	[No title]
		de Montigny is a doubtful ace as one of his balloons was never confirmed and he got his 5th kill in the same fight he was maimed and never flew again.
		Croix de Guerre (awarded for exceptional or long duty; de Leener got his for 150 hours combat flying time).
		Medaille - Croix de l'Yser Croix de Feu Medaille Militaire Premier Classe (I haven't seen this awarded to any of the aces in Pieters' book - in the game it could be awarded for a number of kills - 10 or 15?).
	www.wargamer.com /Hosted/CloseCombatFuture/BelgianData.txt (4194 words)

	Croix de Bois Croix de Feu
		It is the moment of Revival (Debout Croix de Feu!5) and of Hope (the magnificent Croix de Feu song) before the final paroxysm reached in the next passage (for me, the most accomplished), which is of indescribable beauty and strength.
		Here, the Colonel de La Rocque’s (the charismatic leader of the Croix de Feu movement since 1931) oratory talents give their full measure when his voice rises and evokes France’s Genius to claim the National Reconciliation of all the Frenchmen, after the horror endured by an entire nation and its ever present memory.
		The call to the Awakening (Debout Croix de Feu!5) closes brutally this passage and is continued in the lyrics of a new Croix de Feu song.
	www.heimdallr.ch /Reviews/2001/croixGB.html (1020 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 96043847 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Croix de Feu and its successor the Parti Social Français stood at the centre of political conflict in the turbulent final years of the French Third Republic.
		From Liberalism to Fascism is based largely on archival research, and shows that contemporary perceptions of the Croix de Feu and the PSF as fascist were in fact correct.
		In the process, received views of the nature of French society and politics are contested.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/cam028/96043847.html (245 words)

	"A Shot Heard Around the World" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Croix de Feu (CF) was founded in early 1915 by a group of officers, most prominent among them General Henri Petain and General Pierce Ruffey.
		Charles de Gaulle was initiated into the organisation at it's foundation, and he would prove crucial in recruiting new members by his lecturing post at the St Cyr military academy.
		Maurras and De La Rocque barricaded themselves in the buildings of the Ministry of War, but were soon captured by the Army, who stormed their improvised fort.
	www.quarryhouse.free-online.co.uk /ed/1915.htm (5388 words)

	Sternhell.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Federation des Jaunes de France, which has been described as obsessed with the idea of wresting the working-class out of its socialist rut,' was undoubtedly the first to try out the whole apparatus of fascist ideas in practical terms.
		In the long term, the Plan was a substitute for the abandoned socialist aim of restructuring society: since the structures of the national economy remained untouched, it became in the event the life-belt of capitalism.
		The true significance of the Plan and of Henri de Man's thought can be perceived most clearly in their political corollaries: the author of Au-dela du Marxisme was in fact advocating a far-reaching reform of the system.
	www.coloradocollege.edu /Dept/PS/Finley/PS425/reading/Sternhell.html (15090 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- -- Dec. 16, 1935 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Non-Political Croix de Feu Sirs: As a reader of TIME and a member of the League known as the Croix de Feu, I write to protest against the term ''fascist" as applied to that organization or to its Chief, Lieut.
		The Croix de Feu came into existence shortly after the end of the World War, as did many associations of veterans.
		In contrast to other similar organizations, however, the Croix de Feu restricted its membership to a selected group of men, in that it not only required that its members had fought in the War, but also that they had...
	www.time.com /time/archive/printout/0,23657,755429,00.html (151 words)

	Les Joyaux de la Princesse - Croix de Bois ; Croix de Feu (LJPD) [review by funprox.com] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The 'Croix de Bois' represent the remembrance of the fallen soldiers: 'Je songe a vos milliers de croix de bois, alignées tout le long des grandes routes poudreuses, ou elles semblent guetter la relève des vivants, qui ne viendra jamais faire lever des morts'.
		The 'Croix de feu' is a somewhat mystical association of front soldiers, based upon patriotic themes: 'Modèles de toutes les vertus francaises, vous devez ramener votre patrie, douce, énergique, rayonante, a son poste d'exemple.
		Although a large part of the music is rather tranquil, except for a few harsh industrial parts, the oppressing feeling of war remains with you throughout the records.
	www.funprox.com /reviews/review.asp?show=110 (304 words)

	H-France Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		According to spokesmen for the Faisceau, the Jeunesses patriotes, the Parti populaire français, and the Croix de feu, Marxists were primarily responsible for France's economic problems (by encouraging workers to be "lazy") and for dividing the nation (by insisting on class conflict).
		In 1935, the Croix de feu's newspaper, Le Flambeau, even denounced French "moderates" (democratic conservatives) as indirect fellow travelers, since their "compromise and hesitation" permitted Marxism to exist in France.
		It is not clear why Winock applies a different standard to the paramilitary Catholicism of the Croix de feu--although it would certainly weaken his argument that fascism never had much quantitative success in France if he applied a single standard.
	www.wzip.uakron.edu /hfrance/reviews/soucy2.html (4938 words)

	François Mitterand + Georges Danton
		Born into a conservative, a Roman Catholic family, Mitterrand first entered politics by way of the ultranationalist Croix de Feu organization, choosing it over the Vatican-opposed Action Française.
		In the Fifth Republic he ran against Charles de Gaulle in the 1965 Presidential elections, but was defeated.
		Against the Duke of Brunswick and the Prussian invaders he railed, "il nous faut de l'audace, et encore de l'audace, et toujours de l'audace" — "we must dare, and again dare, and forever dare." He was variously called "Jove the Thunderer", the "rebel Satan", a "Titan" and "Sardanapalus" by friends and enemies.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/1026almanac.htm (515 words)

	Croix de Feu
		Croix de Feu was a French nationalist group of the Interwar period.
		The English translation of their name is "Cross of Fire".
		Many conservative Catholics instead became members of the Croix de Feu, including the young François Mitterrand.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/croix_de_feu (180 words)

	OSS - The Psychology of War, by Paul Wolf
		In June of that year three of these groups, Libération Francaise (formerly Libération Nationale), Combat, and Franc Tireur, recognized de Gaulle as their leader in return for assurances that France would be free to choose its own regime after the war.
		At least some of the older trade unionist elements, however, have objected to what appeared to be a lack of secrecy and discipline in de Gaullist organizations and have hoped that they might receive financial and material aid through other than Fighting French channels.
		The Socialists, besides having membership in other groups, have revived their former party organizations, which they are developing into effective units for political as well as subversive action.
	www.icdc.com /~paulwolf/oss/ossfranceaustriapoland.htm (740 words)

	Class Struggle, Volume 6 Number 3+4 - August 1936
		A decree of June 18th declared all the fascist bands to be dissolved (including the Croix de Feu, Volontaires Nationaux Solidarite francaise, Jeunesses Patriotes and Francistes) and the display of their emblems to be illegal.
		At the same time, the Croix de Feu is attempting to organized its own fascist unions, going around among the more backward of the striking workers, visiting them in their homes, bringing their back pay and trying to induce them to sign up in the fascist union.
		Demonstrations of the Croix de Feu are being held by the Croix de Feu under the slogans of the Peoples Front "Peace, Bread and Freedom".
	www.weisbord.org /SixThreeFour.htm (19954 words)

	Mitterrand Le Petit
		In the first postwar period that ambition found expression in a rather narrowly political quest for office; Mitterrand was a permanent participant in the government merry-go-round of the Fourth Republic.
		It should not be forgotten that Mitterrand, having bitterly criticized de Gaulle's personal rule, inherited his presidential powers with relish.
		Watching the elegant lines of the Arche beyond the Arc de Triomphe, the new pyramid of the Louvre, the original structure for the Institute of the Arab World or the towers of the new National Library, generations will think of the Mitterrand years.
	www.thenation.com /docprint.mhtml?i=19941010&s=singer (1795 words)

	A Biographical Dictionary of War Crimes Proceedings, Collaboration Trials and Similar Proceedings Involving France in ...
		De Beauplan, Robert-- French journalist for the collaborationist periodicals L'Illustration and Le Matin {arrested and put on trial by a French court for collaboration; convicted and sentenced to death 27 Nov 1945 (NYT 28 Nov 1945:12:7); subsequent fate unknown.}
		De Carbuccia, Horace -- owner and publisher of the French collaborationist weekly Gringoire {arrested and put on trial by a French court at Paris on charges of collaboration; convicted and sentenced in absentia 13 Jan 1950 to 5 years imprisonment at hard labor and forfeiture of all property (NYT 14 Jan 1950:5:6).}
		De la Haye, Edmond (?-1944) -- member, "French Gestapo" (Corps d'Autoprotection français) {put on trial for "intelligence with the enemy" by the Paris Court of Justice; collapsed in the courtroom and died of cancerous diabetes at Fresnes prison 12 Dec 1944 (NYT 13 Dec 1944:8:1; LT 13 Dec 1944:3:c).}
	www.geocities.com /~orion47/FRANCE/French_Trials.html (9328 words)

	Maurice Style
		Croix de feu avant la guerre, il commente avec lucidité le paradoxe qui le pousse à lutter contre le gouvernement de Vichy qui en d'autres temps, l'aurait peut-être satisfait.
		Mais le 27 avril 1942, le sort qui lui a permis de passer in-extremis certains jours, le place en face d'un pilote allemand qui ne lui laisse aucune chance.
		Marc Hauchemaille disparu, sa veuve hérite des précieux carnets et de l'album photographique qui furent soigneusement préservés pendant près de 60 ans avant de revoir le jour, aujourd'hui.
	www.earlyaviators.com /estyle.htm (755 words)

	Class Struggle, Volume 5 Number 9+10 - October 1935
		There exist several organizations of a fascist or potentially fascist character (Croix de Feu, Jounesses Patriots, Francistes, Action francaise, Solidariste francaise union national des Combatants, etc.) We may add an organization of a different nature, the Redressement francais, a committee of big bosses whose function is keeping an eye on the national economy and politics.
		It is this group (the Croix de Feu) that is responsible for most of the depredations that so frequently take place in Paris and in the provinces, such petty harassing of the workers as took place in Germany during 1932.
		It is generally an assault of two or three armed Croix de Feu upon workers coming out of some meeting, or an attack against a meeting on a larger scale, or a breaking up of a Fascist meeting by organized workers leading to fights lasting sometimes for hours.
	www.weisbord.org /FiveNineTen.htm (19586 words)

	portland imc - 2005.08.25 - Legionnaires Condemn War Protests, Pledge Support for President, Troops
		MacGuire's recommended plan was to adopt as "most suitable to the U.S. context" the design of the French fascist organization, the Croix de Feu (Cross of Fire; Flaming Cross).
		Croix de Feu was a French veteran's organization composed of commissioned and noncommissioned officers, under which each of these organized 10 others for a large volunteer paramilitary army--all to be militarily led as a private organization.
		MacGuire wanted to start a Croix de Feu in the U.S., backed by nearly unlimited amounts of funding [Butler at one point mentioned sums of $300,000,000 as being discussed in his presence] built from manipulated U.S. veterans to serve Wall Street as a private army.
	portland.indymedia.org /en/2005/08/323610.shtml (2807 words)

	Roosevelt and Kennedy - The Education Forum
		They also admired a French Fascist paramilitary organization, the Croix de Feu (Cross of Fire), of approximately 500,000 which they planned to pattern in their efforts in the United States.
		For French historians, the Croix de Feu was not a facist organization : their leader, Colonel de La Rocque, was against plots.
		Deloncle is one of the cretors of the LVF (French legion of volunteers fighting against bolchevism with the nazi army in USSR, Darnand chief of the Milice (Vichy France)
	educationforum.ipbhost.com /index.php?showtopic=654 (1393 words)

	"Premature Anti-Fascist"--by Bernard Knox
		The Professor, who had himself served in the US Army in 1917-18, was very interested, and remarked on the fact that, in addition to the usual battle-stars for service in the European Theatre, I had been awarded a Croix de Guerre a l'Ordre de l'Armée, the highest category for that decoration.
		Popular demand in France huge demonstrations shouting 'Des canons pour l'Espagne', 'Des avions pour l'Espagne' and national interest both spoke strongly for the Spanish government's request to purchase arms, but the French premier, Léon Blum, under pressure from London, agreed to join the Non-Intervention Agreement, though Germany and Italy were openly supplying the rebels.
		We later spent some time in the Casa de Campo, unable to sleep at night for fear of the Moorish patrols that moved swiftly and silently about their deadly work.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/scw/knox.htm (6591 words)

	Vampire: Only the Beginning
		He led his mortal life in years 1525-1600 and was a famous scientist, astronomer and biologist.
		What their relationship was, after the clan difference had separated them in unlife, is unknown.
		He's a guardian of the sewers, progeny of Tycho de Brahe.
	www.geocities.com /unholysisters/vampireb.html (1893 words)

	Gaston Doumergue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		President Lebrun called upon him to form a Truce Government in the wake of the February 6, 1934 riots in the Place de la Concorde.
		Doumergue turned him down at first citing his advanced age but was finally cajoled into accepting by Pierre Laval.
		The suspicions of his detractors were confirmed on the eve of his departure when Doumergue reviewed a parade of the Croix des Feu and other anti-parliamentary leagues from his balcony wearing their trademark Basque beret.
	worldatwar.net /biography/d/doumergue (231 words)

	Acquisitions (The Western Front Museum)
		Belgian commemorative plaque "LES HOMMES DU FEU 1914-1918" (bronze - 100 x 100 mm).
		Belgian collar insignia "Croix du Feu" (private purchase).
		Belgian grave marker "Croix du Feu" (bronze plaque).
	home.hetnet.nl /~supersmit/ww1/acquisitions.html (294 words)

	H-Net Review: William D. Irvine on From Liberalism to Fascism: The Right in a French ...
		"The PSF also mounted set-piece demonstrations which dwarfed those of the Croix de Feu [and which] unmistakably owed something to fascist rallies" (p.
		There were still incidents of armed violence at PSF rallies; members of the EVP at least once shot to death a counter-demonstrator.
		It is a fine piece of craftsmanship which will make a major contribution to the topic.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=11189908915842 (1630 words)

	The Nazi-Instigated National Synarchist Union of Mexico
		Julio De Kook, former director of the Office of Economic and Social Studies of the Belgian Confederation of Labor, told El Popular that the first chief of the French synarchists was a reactionary named Coutrot, who committed suicide.
		The Japanese was José de Jesús Sam López, the son of a Japanese father, who was educated in Japan and who returned to Mexico only two months after the founding of the UNS, at which point he immediately joined the movement.
		The seriousness of the UNS call to arms is further underscored by the fact that on April 10, 1944, a young lieutenant, José Antonio de la Lama y Rojas, on guard at President Camacho's private elevator in the National Palace, used his revolver at close range, although he failed to kill the President.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/2004/3127mexico_synarchy.html (15658 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)