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	Examination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In an academic or professional context, examinations (or exams for short) are tests which aim to determine the ability of a student or a prospective practitioner.
		A competitive examination is an examination where applicants compete for a limited numbers of positions, as opposed to merely having to reach a certain level to pass.
		A comprehensive examination is a specific type of exam taken by graduate students, which may determine their eligibility to continue their studies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Examination (180 words)

	Howard L. Nations Law Offices - Cross Examination
		If, during direct examination, you determine that cross-examination is necessary, conduct a quick damage assessment from the perspective of the jury--keeping clearly in focus that the jurors are the sole judges of factual disputes, the credibility of the witnesses, and the amount of damages to be awarded.
		Those examiners who do not seek to enlist the aid of the court in dealing with the problem witness and allow the witness to be unresponsive or evasive believe that the jurors will be able to detect the witness's lack of cooperation and candor and will draw their own adverse conclusions about the witness.
		Counsel, with her face buried in a legal pad taking notes during direct examination of the opponent's witness, is missing many important elements of the case, including the witness's demeanor, opposing counsel's histrionics, the judge's body language, and the jury's reactions to the entire scenario.
	www.howardnations.com /crossexamination/cross_ex.html (13245 words)

	Preparing for Cross Examination and Appellate Review
		In drafting the outline, it is useful to cross reference any exhibit you might have at your disposal should the answer one receives not be the answer one expects.
		Cross referencing the exhibits to be admitted through this witness is also helpful.
		It is also useful to cross reference the applicable evidentiary rule relied upon (and any case on point) if an objection to the question is anticipated.
	www.gregoryforman.com /html/preparing_for_cross_examinatio.html (1542 words)

	Cross-examination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is preceded by direct examination and may be followed by a redirect.
		Unlike in direct examinations, however, leading questions are typically permitted in a cross-examination, since the witness is presumed to be sympathetic to the opposing side.
		During policy debate there are four cross examination periods, one after each of the first four speeches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cross-examination (194 words)

	News - Cross Examination
		Marty says even though she doesn't agree with Cross on all the issues, such as gay marriage (which she is for and he's against) or the Patriot Act (which she's against and he's mostly for), she relates to him on a personal level.
		As it is, Cross may not be a "zillionaire," but as the managing partner of the biggest law firm in Spokane, president-elect of the Spokane Regional Chamber of Commerce and former member of the board of directors for the Spokane Public Facilities District, Cross isn't doing too shabby.
		Cross, naturally, argues that not having had the experience of a full-time political job is one of his strengths as a congressional candidate because he is more in touch with what people want.
	www.inlander.com /localnews/283314881372270.php (1207 words)

	Gowlings Resources [Cross-Examining The Expert Witness]
		She should work with you in preparing your cross examination and ultimately, will be present to offer advice at trial or, at a minimum, present for those fact witnesses who will form part of the foundation for your expert's opinion and for the evidence of the adverse expert.
		On cross examination, you will seek to have the expert identify the sources from which she assumed the underlying facts or premises.
		Your cross examination will move from simply shooting questions in the dark to confidently taking on the spotlight in what is a most challenging part of advocacy.
	www.gowlings.com /resources/publications.asp?pubid=103 (1952 words)

	Cross-examination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Unlike in direct examinations, however, leading question s are typically permitted in a cross-examination, since the witness is presumed to be sympathetic to the opposing side.
		The Metaphysics of Mysticism A commentary on the mystical philosophy of St. John of the Cross, by Geoffrey K. Mondello.
		Cross, R Posters Cross, Roy Posters Cross Posters Ben Cross Posters Cross Of Iron Posters Sign of the Cross, The Posters Cross, Lorna Posters Cross, Lewis Posters Cross, Henri Edmond Posters Cross, Henri-Edmond Posters 84 Charing Cross Road Posters
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Cross-examination.html (358 words)

	cross-examination - definition by dict.die.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The act of examining, or state of being examined; a careful search, investigation, or inquiry; scrutiny by study or experiment.
		A process prescribed or assigned for testing qualification; as, the examination of a student, or of a candidate for admission to the bar or the ministry.
		Examination in chief, or Direct examination (Law), that examination which is made of a witness by a party calling him.
	dict.die.net /cross-examination (145 words)

	Cross-examination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The term means the examination of a witness, by the party who did not call him upon matters to which he has been examined in chief.
		In cross examination you are allowed to ask leading questions, whereas the same is not allowed in examination-in-chief.
		The purpose of cross examination: With the legal device of cross examination, the court aims to ascertain the truth by sifting through the evidence and trying the credibility of a witness who has been called and given evidence in chief.
	www.wwlia.org /Cross-examination.htm (370 words)

	Jury Research Services: JR Updates: PAT--Cross-Examination
		The examination should be directed to uncovering what favorable evidence is available and should conclude on a respectful note.
		Thus, when an attorney approaches the witness during cross-examination and stands close to the witness while the witness is asked to examine a document or read part of a document to the jury, the witness is likely to feel an increase in stress from the interaction.
		The examiner does not want the jury to review and reinforce the testimony of a witness prior to discovering that there are reasons to question the credibility of the witness's testimony.
	www.nlrg.com /jrsd/patseries/cross.html (2082 words)

	Cross Examination, Civil Procedure Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		During trial, and during deposition, after a party calls a witness to the stand and completes the direct examination, the witness is turned over, or passed, to the other party for what is called cross examination.
		In cross examination, the attorney may ask leading questions, which is an advantage.
		Good cross examination is exciting to watch and some thing it is the best way to get at the truth of a matter.
	www.legal-term.com /crossexamination-definition.htm (72 words)

	CFAC: California First Amendment Coalition
		For that reason, it is necessarily exploratory, and the rule that the examiner must indicate the purpose of his inquiry does not in general apply.
		Cross-examination-defined as "the examination of a witness by a party other than the direct examiner upon a matter that is within the scope of the direct examination of the witness" (Evid.
		Code, § 711) "A witness examined by one party may be cross-examined upon any matter within the scope of the direct examination by each other party to the action in such order as the court directs." (Evid.
	www.cfac.org /CaseLaw/Cases/fost.html (4284 words)

	Forensics 2: A sample cross-examination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The request for a forensic examination invokes a specific legal procedure in the United States, in which the claims of someone claiming forensic expertise is subject to adversarial cross-examination.
		In the instant case, moreover, the circumstances of the type of evidence subject to examine raise insuperable difficulties for an expert attempting to show a valid examination.
		In this instance, we are not asking an expert to examine the English language written on a forged check, something which is familiar to examiners.
	www.nalandabodhi.org /forensiccross.html (754 words)

	AN INTRODUCTION TO
		Your opponent whom you are examining ceases to be relevant - at least in the sense that although you are asking him questions, you do not particularly care what answer he in fact gives.
		Because the examiner may only ask questions, it is very difficult to cross-examine on abstract issues (which, in any event, should be avoided in a debate).
		If the examiner is mistaken, show later why his questions don’t make sense or don’t justify the conclusion he seeks.
	www.csdf.freeservers.com /cross.html (4604 words)

	Pseudoscience, Cross-examination, and Scientific Evidence in the Recovered
		Examining original sources is necessary because all of us in this area,the tone of some of our writings to the contrary,are human and subject to error.
		Such books could be useful in examining the original data relevant not only to expert testimony but also to textbooks, popular books, and other works that discuss or rely extensively on original sources.
		Gleaves, D.H. The evidence for "repression": An examination of Holmes (1990) and the implications for the recovered memory controversy.
	kspope.com /memory/repweb2a.php (9314 words)

	Cross Examination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		During Bradley's cross examination, Zazzera said a vehicle traveling at 70 miles per hour could make it from the Dunn's Corners Fire Department â” the scene...
		Defence lawyers are cross examining Ms Lees in the Northern Territory Supreme Court on the third day of the trial of the man accused of Mr Falconio's alleged...
		There have been serious erosions in the position of a defendant in criminal proceeding - erosions in the scope of a cross-examination that is allowed, the...
	www.wikiverse.org /cross-examination (225 words)

	Search Results for cross-examination - Encyclopædia Britannica
		In Anglo-American proceedings an examination usually begins with direct examination (called examination in chief in England) by the...
		Our knowledge of brain organization is still relatively minimal, but examination through the use of cross-sections and special dyes provides some further insight.
		A cross section of a tree trunk can tell you a lot about how that tree grew.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=cross-examination&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (616 words)

	R. v. Osolin, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 595 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		She was taken to the hospital where her medical examination revealed a number of injuries generally more consistent with sexual assault than consensual intercourse.
		Moreover, in my view, the starting point to the examination of this question is not the wide ability of the accused to cross-examine the complainant, but, rather, the following two considerations which arise much earlier in the trial process: the fundamental entitlement of us all, guaranteed by s.
		It is suggested that the judge has an independent duty to examine the material available for cross-examination and to ensure that any relevant avenues for impeachment of the complainant which counsel for the accused may have overlooked are explored.
	www.lexum.umontreal.ca /csc-scc/en/pub/1993/vol4/html/1993scr4_0595.html (19140 words)

	Cross-examination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is by direct examination and may be followed by a
		In the United States the cross-examining attorney is typically not permitted to ask which do not pertain to the facts in direct examination.
		Unlike in direct examinations leading questions are typically permitted in a cross-examination the witness is presumed to be sympathetic the opposing side.
	www.freeglossary.com /Cross-examination (386 words)

	Examination and cross-examination (from evidence) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		After direct examination the attorney for the other party may conduct a cross-examination of the same witness, usually designed to cause him to...
		The Red Cross movement began with the founding of the International Committee for the Relief of the Wounded (now the International Committee of the Red Cross) in 1863; it was established to care for victims of battle in time of war, but later national Red Cross societies were created to aid...
		The cross recalls the Crucifixion of Jesus and the redeeming benefits of his Passion and death.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-28376?tocId=28376 (906 words)

	Basic Trial Advocacy
		An adverse witness, especially one who uses a diagram of the scene to aid his or her direct examination, always should be able to corroborate that there would have been a good line of sight from another location.
		Based on the direct examination, you may face a decision whether to forgo questions because they were covered on the direct examination.
		During the examination of witnesses, you can note the exact words used by a witness at a critical time, so that they can be quoted accurately.
	www.law.indiana.edu /webinit/tanford/reference/basictactics.html (9353 words)

	United States v. Gary
		When cross-examination on material issues raised on direct examination is curtailed because of a witness's valid claim of privilege, however, the trial court, in its discretion, may refuse to permit that witness's testimony.
		A different case is presented where, as here, the defense seeks to cross-examine a government witness within the scope of his direct and then the witness asserts the privilege.
		In Gary's first trial, in response to a question on re-direct examination as to why he did not attempt to recover fingerprints, he answered: "As far as the size of the gun -- the surface of the weapon, also the people involved in the case both had gloves on." (emphasis added).
	www.law.emory.edu /1circuit/jan96/95-1113.01a.html (5057 words)

	R. v. Shearing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The court does not examine the contents of a private document to evaluate a privacy interest because informational privacy derives from an assumption that all information about a person is in a fundamental way his or her own.
		At one time, privacy interests could often be effectively protected only by property-based concepts since the ability to prohibit strangers crossing property lines (as for example to gain access to one's home) or get their hands on physical objects (including documents) was tantamount to controlling the private information contained therein.
		In direct examination on the voir dire, KWG clearly indicated that she thought the belongings she left behind, including her diary, "would be in [her mother's] care" and expected her mother "would give it back to [her]".
	www.lexum.umontreal.ca /csc-scc/en/pub/2002/vol3/html/2002scr3_0033.html (17245 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wixon, 326 U.S. (1945), this is hearsay only in a technical sense since the witness may be examined at the trial as to the circumstances of memory, opportunity to observe, meaning, and veracity.
		Second, neither defense nor prosecution is eager before trial to disclose its case by extensive examination at the preliminary hearing; thorough questioning of a prosecution witness by defense counsel may easily amount to a grant of gratis discovery to the State.
		And we have made clear that "it is a denial of the accused's constitutional right to a fair trial to force him to trial with such expedition as to deprive him of the effective aid and assistance of counsel." White v.
	caselaw.findlaw.com /scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=399&invol=149 (13978 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		The examination was nonetheless admitted on a closely divided vote after several of those present opined that the common-law rules of procedure did not apply to parliamentary attainder proceedings--one speaker even admitting that the evidence would normally be inadmissible.
		Wigmore notes that sworn examinations of witnesses before justices of the peace in certain cases would not have been excluded until the end of the 1700's, 5 Wigmore §1364, at 26-27, and sworn statements of witnesses before coroners became excluded only by statute in the 1800's, see ibid.; id., §1374, at 59.
		Rep., at 819-822 (concluding that an ex parte examination was admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule because it was a declaration by a party of his state and condition).
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=000&invol=02-9410 (11944 words)

	The Permissible Scope of Cross-Examination of Expert Medical Witnesses
		Plaintiff was trying to impeach the doctor's credibility by showing that three years ago he had testified that he did three to four times as many examinations for defendants as for plaintiffs, but in his testimony at this trial he denied that he did so and said that he did not keep track.
		The number of examinations that the doctor was performing for defendants three years ago was not an issue in the case.
		The party desiring use of the books [in cross-examination] can also establish their standing by proper voir dire examination of his own expert outside the hearing of the jury, thereby laying the foundation for their use in cross-examination at the proper time.
	www.mobar.org /journal/2000/sepoct/dysart.htm (3447 words)

	FRE - Notes to Rule 611 (LII 2004 ed.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It limits cross-examination to credibility and to matters testified to on direct examination, unless the judge permits more, in which event the cross-examiner must proceed as if on direct examination.
		The House narrowed the Rule to the more traditional practice of limiting cross-examination to the subject matter of direct examination (and credibility), but with discretion in the judge to permit inquiry into additional matters in situations where that would aid in the development of the evidence or otherwise facilitate the conduct of the trial.
		Although there are good arguments in support of broad cross-examination from perspectives of developing all relevant evidence, we believe the factors of insuring an orderly and predictable development of the evidence weigh in favor of the narrower rule, especially when discretion is given to the trial judge to permit inquiry into additional matters.
	www.law.cornell.edu /rules/fre/ACRule611.htm (1877 words)

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