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Topic: Cross language information retrieval

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Definitions of Cross-Language Information Retrieval Before delving into the unique problems that multiple languages pose to the world of IR and the basic techniques used to make multiple-language systems functional, it is appropriate to present a clear definition and a word about the terminology used in the body of research about the subject.
		Usually with CLIR a multilingual thesaurus of some sort is created to hold a list of descriptors for each document in a collection and the semantic relations between them, and each term in the thesaurus must be translated for each language involved (Fluhr, 1996).
		Retrieved November 1, 2004, from HYPERLINK "http://www.slt.atr.jp/~gkikui/pub_web_access.html" http://www.slt.atr.jp/~gkikui/pub_web_access.html Hull, D. A., & Grefenstette, G. Querying across languages: a dictionary-based approach to multilingual information retrieval.
	www.gslis.utexas.edu /~pinchy77/clir.doc (2996 words)

	Information Retrieval - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Information retrieval (IR) is the art and science of searching for information in documents, searching for documents themselves, searching for metadata which describes documents, or searching within databases, whether relational stand alone databases or hypertext networked databases such as the Internet or intranets, for text, sound, images or data.
		There is a common confusion, however, between data retrieval, document retrieval, information retrieval, and text retrieval, and each of these have their own bodies of literature, theory, praxis and technologies.
		The aim of this was to look into the information retrieval community by supplying the infrastructure that was needed for such a huge evaluation of text retrieval methodologies.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /information_retrieval.htm (515 words)

	[No title]
		The problem with compound handling for cross-language information retrieval is acknowledged for many languages, but we still lack research results on the importance and effects to the retrieval result of compound handling in natural language queries.
		Since natural language cross-language information retrieval is faced with the task of identifying, normalising, translating and matching query words to the database index, linguistic tools and linguistic analysis are in use.
		Natural language analysis tools are also extended in information retrieval and cross-language information retrieval applications also to a sub-word level, e.g., morphological analysers are used for the decomposing of compounds and normalisation of words (Sparck Jones 1999).
	informationr.net /ir/7-2/paper128.html (5909 words)

	The RATF Formula (Kwok's Formula): Exploiting Average Term Frequency in Cross-Language Retrieval
		Kwok (1996) used his scheme for query key weighting in monolingual retrieval and was able to show clear improvements in retrieval performance owing to the use of his formula.
		Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) refers to an information retrieval task where the language of queries is other than that of the retrieved documents.
		Dictionaries typically give several translations for one source language word, and the number of mistranslated keys, i.e., the keys that have wrong meanings in the context of the topic, in a CLIR query (the final translated query) is usually high.
	informationr.net /ir/7-2/paper127.html (5778 words)

	Cross-Language Information Retrieval: Layout Strategies for Gloss Translation
		A Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) system retrieves documents in a language that is different from the query language [6].
		To answer this question, a system that translates Spanish and French natural language queries into English was implemented in [7] and a comparison is made between the performances of the two languages.
		Only 5 subjects used to locate information in languages they do not know by either translating the search query to the target language first or by using systems that allows writing the query in one language while searching the documents in another language.
	www.otal.umd.edu /SHORE2001/crossLang (4276 words)

	Cross-Language Information Retrieval Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		This page is designed as a resource for people conducting research in cross-language information retrieval.
		It is intended to collect references to all information on information retrieval systems which can accept queries in one language and return documents in another.
		It is maintained by the Digital Library Research Group of the College of Information Studies at the University of Maryland.
	www.glue.umd.edu /~dlrg/clir (225 words)

	Cross-Language Information Retrieval: An Analysis of Errors
		Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) refers to retrieval when the query and the database are in different languages.
		Almost all proposed CLIR methods operate by either translating the query or the document representation into the second language, transforming the CLIR problem into a monolingual information retrieval (MLIR) problem for which there are standard solutions.
		In pure thesaurus based retrieval, documents and queries are matched through their thesaurus based representations, with document representations derived by an indexer and query representations provided by users.
	informatics.buffalo.edu /faculty/ruiz/publications/iowa-asis98.html (5707 words)

	Information retrieval - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		There is a common confusion, however, between data, document, information, and text retrieval, and each of these have their own bodies of literature, theory, praxis and technologies.
		Major Figures in Information Retrieval: Gerald Salton, W Bruce Croft, Karen Spärck Jones, C. van Rijsbergen
		Information Retrieval (online book) by C. van Rijsbergen
	open-encyclopedia.com /Information_retrieval (409 words)

	Information Retrieval Research - SearchTools Topics
		An academic expert on usable information retrieval suggests that if web entrepreneurs and VCs had known about the history of IR and library experiences, they would not have wasted investments in problematic approaches such as "push" technology.
		She offers seven suggestions to improve web retrieval: use faceted rather than hierarchical classification; don't try for a single "true" classification (and avoid the term 'ontology'); use subject and domain information retrieval vocabulary; remember the Bradford distribution; plan for explosive growth; provide tools for "human content processing"; learn from the history of information retrieval.
		Introduction to the current state of information retrieval, including changes brought by the Web to a field that was previously oriented towards academia, libraries and corporate networks.
	www.searchtools.com /info/info-retrieval.html (1634 words)

	DELOS Workshop on Cross-Language Information Retrieval
		As was borne out by many of the workshop presentations, many research projects addressing issues of digital information repositories in Europe must deal with information in several languages, even when multi-lingual or cross-language information retrieval is not a central theme of the project.
		We distinguish multi-lingual information retrieval as involving several languages, though a user's search query is always evaluated against only those documents in the query language, and cross-language information retrieval as the case where a user's query may retrieve documents in languages other than the language of the query.
		From the Information Retrieval point of view, David Hull of Rank Xerox research centre, Grenoble, France, presented a model for weighted Boolean retrieval for cross-language retrieval, and Páraic Sheridan of ETH Zurich presented a method of using a retrieval model for building information structures called similarity thesauri for cross-language retrieval.
	www.ercim.org /publication/Ercim_News/enw29/sheridan.html (757 words)

	Infomap - Cross Language Information Retrieval CLIR
		The goal of Cross Language Information Retrieval or CLIR is to find the information a user needs even if it's written in a different language.
		Whereas most Information Retrieval systems treat the words "dinner" and "meal" as unrelated strings of letters, Infomap recognizes that they are closely associated with one another.
		This process is ideal for CLIR, because if you want to buy bread in Francs these are exactly the sort of words you want to know about.
	www-csli.stanford.edu /semlab/infomap/CLIR.html (495 words)

	Metadata Research Program Home Page
		Multilingual Information Retrieval using English and Chinese Queries, in Working Notes for the CLEF 2001 Workshop, Darmstadt, Germany, 3 September, 2001.
		Combining Multiple Sources for Short Query Translation in Chinese-English Cross-Language Information Retrieval, Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Information Retrieval with Asian Languages, Sept. 30-Oct 1, 2000, Hong Kong, pp.
		In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Multilingual Information Discovery and Access of the Association for Computing Machinery's 22nd International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Berkeley, California, August 14, 1999.
	metadata.sims.berkeley.edu /papers/papers_bydate.html (1456 words)

	Cross Language Information Retrieval
		Researchers in Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) seek to support the process of finding documents written in one natural language with automated systems that can accept queries expressed in other languages [1].
		To search a collection of documents in a foreign language, more needs to be done than merely retrieving foreign documents relevant to the query posed in the native language.
		There is ongoing research in the area of Cross-Language Speech Retrieval [11-13], in which speech documents are retrieved in response to user queries specified in text of another language.
	www.otal.umd.edu /uupractice/clir (2025 words)

	Egyptian and American Internet-Based Cross-Cultural Information Seeking Behavior
		The interview model is constructed to supply clear instructions in all languages of the interviewees, observe cultural details that minimize interviewer bias, and alert the interviewer to evidence of culturally dynamic changes occurring in individual user profiles.
		In addition, an information literacy component is built into the model at the end of the process to provide instruction in retrieval and management of foreign language resources.
		This research instrument is designed to examine how researchers react when confronted with foreign language resources, how they view the prospect of having access to such information, what they need to improve user performance, and if cultural differences or similarities affect them in their work.
	www.webology.ir /2006/v3n4/a31.html (4774 words)

	Serving Users in Many Languages: Cross-Language Information Retrieval for Digital Libraries
		Language translation and monolingual information retrieval technologies have been subjects of long standing study around the world, and the growing demand for those services will likely foster continued research support.
		Cross-language retrieval is an interdisciplinary challenge, drawing on techniques and resources from information retrieval and natural language processing, and this has helped to shape the venues within which the research has been widely reported and discussed.
		A second cross-language information retrieval track is planned for TREC-7 in 1998 -- participation is open to research groups around the world, with proposals due to NIST in early January 1998.
	www.dlib.org /dlib/december97/oard/12oard.html (2918 words)

	Phrasal Translation and Query Expansion Techniques for Cross-Language Information Retrieval - Ballesteros, Croft ...
		Failure to translate multi-term phrases has been shown to be one of the factors responsible for the errors associated with dictionary methods.
		Retrieval has enjoyed significant interest from the research community, and a number of techniques were proposed to solve the problem
		Most of these techniques center around a common idea: they attempt to translate the query from the user s language to the language...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /46084.html (616 words)

	Recent Research in Cross-language Document Search
		Fredric Gey has been doing research in cross-language information retrieval since 1998.
		Gey co-chaired the English-Arabic retrieval evaluation track at the TREC conferences in 2001 and 2002.
		He is co-author of the entry on “Multilingual Information Retrieval” in the Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science and co-editor of a forthcoming special issue on Cross-Language Information Retrieval of the Information Processing and Management Journal.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~nikraves/bisc/Present/Fall2004/Fredgey.htm (195 words)

	Cross-Language Information Retrieval Resources
		It was developed as part of the Information Filtering Project at the University of Maryland, and is maintained as a part of my ongoing research program.
		The first section may be of interest to a wider audience, though, since it contains links to working systems for a variety of operating systems which are freely available on the net, and the third section should become more valuable to a wide audience as links to more commercial systems are added.
		Home pages of people who have either published work on information filtering that is not presently available on the net or who are actively working in the field.
	www.umiacs.umd.edu /research/CLIP/cross.htm (359 words)

	Cross Language Information Retrieval
		The first reported work on CLIR was the development in 1964 of the International Road Research Documentation system that used a controlled-vocabulary thesaurus [2].
		The most serious limitation of thesaurus-based techniques is that non-librarians seem to have difficulty exploiting their capabilities [2] [3], which makes these techniques not universally usable.
		The usage of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) to semantically transcode existing Web contents [6] and using that to adapt to different users need is still an open area for research.
	www.otal.umd.edu /UUPractice/clir (2025 words)

	Cross-Language Information Retrieval - SearchTools Topics
		Research on searching multi-lingual resources, providing some sort of translation of search terms to find documents that are not in the original language.
		Cross Language Information Retrieval - English / Russian / French Marjorie M.K. Hlava, Gerold Belonogov, Boris Kuznetsov, Richard Hainebach: presentation at the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, March 1997.
		TREC Conference Publications order information Proceedings of these conferences cover sessions on practical testing of cross-language information retrieval theories.
	www.searchtools.com /info/ir-cross-language.html (174 words)

	Cross Language Information Retrieval
		Using APL's HAIRCUT text retrieval engine we have developed novel methods that enable a person to search for information in many languages, even without skills in that language.
		We have also developed a suite of tools to discover and enhance translation resources that can be mined from Web sources such as bilingual wordlists and parallel corpora; the later can be used to extract translation equivalents statistically.
		This research can be applied to many fields where there is a need to process information from global sources, such as, intelligence analysis, international law enforcement, and multinational business intelligence.
	www.jhuapl.edu /areas/sciencetech/InformationSciences/CrossLanguageIR.asp (190 words)

	A System for Cross-Language Information Retrieval
		Given a particular term or set of terms in a domain-specific corpus in one language, the aim is to identify contexts which contain equivalent or related expressions in a comparable corpus in another language.
		It should thus be possible to apply procedures such as those outlined here to retrieve all documents in a second language which contain lexical equivalences to a term or set of terms searched in a first language even when no multilingual thesaurus is available.
		Any language can be adopted as the starting point, much as is currently done in the construction of many multilingual thesauri where one language (usually English) acts as the base.
	www.ercim.org /publication/Ercim_News/enw27/peters.html (988 words)

	Cross-Language Information System Evaluation
		In the global information society, situations when a user is faced with the task of querying a multilingual document collection are becoming increasingly common.
		Many users have some foreign language knowledge, but their proficiency may not be good enough to formulate queries to appropriately express their information needs.
		Although the CLIR track is coordinated in Europe, the results are presented in the United States, at the TREC Conferences in November.
	www.ercim.org /publication/Ercim_News/enw37/peters.html (731 words)

	Abstract: February 15 - The HAIRCUT System for Cross-Language Information Retrieval
		ross-language information retrieval is the retrieval of documents in one language that are relevant to a query in another language.
		The Hopkins Automated Information Retriever for Combing Unstructured Text (HAIRCUT) system is an information retrieval engine that exhibits exceptional performance on the cross-language retrieval task.
		In this talk, I will first give an overview of information retrieval, and describe the HAIRCUT approach.
	www.clsp.jhu.edu /seminars/abstracts/S2000/mayfield.shtml (186 words)

	TRANSLATION EVENTS IN CROSS-LANGUAGE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL:
		Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) systems enable users to formulate queries in their native language to retrieve documents in foreign languages.
		This translation step tends to cause a reduction in the retrieval performance of CLIR as compared to monolingual information retrieval.
		These queries were then used in information retrieval experimentation to assess the impact of the translation events on retrieval performance.
	web.syr.edu /~diekemar/200_word_abstract.htm (187 words)

	Generalized Example-Based Machine Translation
		One increasingly important area of research in recent years has been cross-language information retrieval, where a query in one language is used to find documents in another language.
		Perhaps the most common way of crossing the language barrier is to translate the query (translating the entire document collection is usually impractical).
		Since the process of generating the dictionary picks words in the other language that are highly correlated with the source-language word, the incorrect translations will be terms that provide a useful expansion of the query (i.e.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~ralf/ebmt/apps.html (510 words)

	A Cross-Language Information Retrieval System based
		This paper describes a Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) System that translates an English query context-dependent into the target languages Dutch, French, German, Italian, and Spanish, to retrieve a collection of appropriate documents in the individual target languages – beside the documents in English.
		Due to the fact that the disambiguation is based on context information of the query, it has to be at least of the length of a paragraph.
		For any entry the individual translations in the target languages and an abstract definition of the word is specified.
	www.uni-koblenz.de /~harbusch/harbusch-girmann.htm (283 words)

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