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	Gold Standard - BIMETALLIC STANDARD, "CROSS OF GOLD" SPEECH
		A gold standard is a monetary system under which pure gold is the standard of value for the currency of a country.
		The value of the principal unit of currency of a country on a gold standard is measured in relation to a fixed and predetermined quantity of gold.
		Despite Bryan's rousing speech, the Gold Standard Act of 1900 officially put the United States on a gold standard by declaring that the gold dollar was the country's standard unit of value and that all money issued by the United States would be maintained at parity with this standard.
	www.referenceforbusiness.com /encyclopedia/For-Gol/Gold-Standard.html (1843 words)

	William Jennings Bryan / Cross of Gold
		William Jennings Bryan, of Nebraska, was made nationally famous by his "Cross of Gold" speech favoring the free coinage of silver at the ratio of 16 to 1, which he delivered before the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on 8 July 1896.
		If they tell us that the gold standard is a good thing, we shall point to their platform and tell them that their platform pledges the party to get rid of the gold standard and substitue bimetallism.
		If they tell us that the gold standard is the standard of civilization, we reply to them that this, the most enlightened of all the nations of the earth, has never declared for a gold standard and that both the great parties this year are declaring against it.
	www.cooperativeindividualism.org /bryan_wm_cross_of_gold.html (2466 words)

	Gold Standard Encyclopedia Articles @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gold would supplant silver as the basic unit of international trade at various times, including the Islamic golden age, the peak of the Italian trading states during the Renaissance, and most prominently during the nineteenth century.
		Gold would remain the metal of monetary reserve accounting until the collapse of the Bretton Woods agreement in 1971, and remains an important hedge against the actions of central banks and governments, a means of maintaining general liquidity, and as a store of value.
		Bryan argued against the gold standard in his Cross of gold speech in 1896, comparing the gold standard (and specifically its effects on western farmers) to the crown of thorns worn by Jesus at his crucifixion.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Gold_standard (5725 words)

	Earliest Voices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The "Cross of Gold Speech" is William Jennings Bryan's most well-known political speech.
		This speech perhaps best exemplifies Bryan's characteristic use of a highly rhetorical and elevated metaphorical style, as he compares the regenerative power of Nature to the immortality of the human Soul.
		In this speech, Williams Jennings Bryan calls for an amendment to the constitution that would ensure that United States senators were elected by popular vote and not state legislature.
	www.historicalvoices.org /earliest_voices/bryan.html (457 words)

	Speech, Bernanke --Deflation-- November 21, 2002
		When William Jennings Bryan made his famous "cross of gold" speech in his 1896 presidential campaign, he was speaking on behalf of heavily mortgaged farmers whose debt burdens were growing ever larger in real terms, the result of a sustained deflation that followed America's post-Civil-War return to the gold standard.
		Indeed, if the market for gold is to any degree efficient, the price of gold would collapse immediately after the announcement of the invention, before the alchemist had produced and marketed a single ounce of yellow metal.
		Throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century, a worldwide gold shortage was forcing down prices in all countries tied to the gold standard.
	www.federalreserve.gov /boardDocs/speeches/2002/20021121/default.htm (6223 words)

	1896: Bryan's Cross of Gold Speech
		And they had good reason for their doubt, because there is scarcely a State here today asking for the gold standard which is not in the absolute control of the Republic Party.
		McKinley was nominated at St. Louis upon a platform which declared for the maintenance of the gold standard until it can be changed into bimetallism by international agreement.
		You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies.
	projects.vassar.edu /1896/crossofgold.html (617 words)

	Bryan's "Cross of Gold" Speech: Mesmerizing the Masses
		But in the early 20th century, the fame of Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech led him to repeat it numerous times on the Chautauqua lecture circuit where he was an enormously popular speaker.
		Why, if they tell us that the gold standard is a good thing, we point to their platform and tell them that their platform pledges the party to get rid of a gold standard and substitute bimetallism.
		If they tell us that the gold standard is the standard of civilization, we reply to them that this, the most enlightened of all nations of the earth, has never declared for a gold standard, and both the parties this year are declaring against it.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /search.php?function=print&id=5354 (2786 words)

	Silver Buggin' - Forbes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech on July 9, 1896, electrified the Democratic National Convention, giving the 36-year-old the inside track on capturing the presidential nomination.
		The speech addressed the issue of monetary policy and the debate over backing the dollar with gold and silver rather than just gold, which was deemed overly restrictive and unfair to working people and farmers.
		Gold exchange-traded funds have attracted huge inflows by investors seeking a hedge against inflation, protection against global fiscal imbalances and a weak dollar, and positions that hopefully will not be closely correlated to global equities.
	www.forbes.com /strategies/2006/08/21/silver-etf-bhp-in_cd_0821soapbox_inl.html?partner=rss (945 words)

	Gilded Age Lesson Plan: The Issue of Bimetallism in the Late Nineteenth-Century
		It is interesting to note the rhetoric of silver versus gold, because those that supported silver believed that they were being taken advantage of by the wealthy Eastern industrial and financial corporations.
		The gold in reserve in the U.S. Treasury declined because people were exchanging their silver for gold, which helped lead to an economic panic.
		Gold remained the standard for the U.S. dollar until 1975 when the dollar became "fiat-money." Fiat money is that which has no intrinsic value, but its value is determined by the faith in and credit-worthiness of the given issuer (i.e., the United States).
	dig.lib.niu.edu /teachers/bland-allisonlesson.html (1839 words)

	Historical Documents and Speeches - William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" Speech July 9, 1896, at the ...
		Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention: I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were a mere measuring of abilities; but this is not a contest between persons.
		And they had good reason for their doubt, because there is scarcely a State here today asking for the gold standard which is not in the absolute control of the Republican party.
		The sympathies of the Democratic party, as shown by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic party.
	www.historicaldocuments.com /WilliamJenningsBryanCrossofGoldSpeech.htm (2226 words)

	Paper Money and Tyranny
		They seem to sensethat gold and economic freedom are inseparable.” Further he states that: “Under the gold standard, a free banking system stands as the protector of an economy’s stability and balanced growth.” Astoundingly, Mr.
		Ironically, it was the abuse of the gold standard, the Fed’s credit-creating habits of the 1920s, and its subsequent mischief in the 1930s, that not only gave us the Great Depression, but also prolonged it.
		The return to gold in 1879 went smoothly and was welcomed by the people, putting behind them the disastrous Civil War inflationary period.
	www.house.gov /paul/congrec/congrec2003/cr090503.htm (7194 words)

	Cross of Gold speech. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. 2002
		An address by the presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan to the national convention of the Democratic party in 1896.
		Bryan criticized the gold standard and advocated inflating the currency by the free coinage of silver, a measure popular among the debt-ridden farmers whom Bryan championed.
		“You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns,” said Bryan; “You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.” The speech stirred the convention, and Bryan was nominated for president.
	www.bartleby.com /59/12/crossofgolds.html (177 words)

	Cross of Gold
		William Jennings Bryan won the Democratic Party's nomination for president in 1896 with an extraordinary speech to the convention.
		In the speech he touched on a wide range of political issues, but he saved his final minutes for what he called "the paramount issue" the gold standard.
		Why, the man who was once pleased to think that he looked like Napoleon that man shudders today when he remembers that he was nominated on the anniversary of the battle of Waterloo....
	www.octc.kctcs.edu /mmaltby/his109/cross_of_gold.htm (649 words)

	Cross of Gold Speech, William Jennings Bryan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cross of Gold Speech, William Jennings Bryan, 1896
		Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention -- I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this was a mere measuring of abilities; but this is not a contest between persons.
		If they tell us that the gold standard is a good thing, we shall point to their platform and tell them that their platform pledges the party to get rid of the gold standard and substitute bimetallism.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~hst203/documents/bryan.html (2428 words)

	The Cross of Gold (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There is scarcely a State here today asking for the gold standard which is not in the absolute control of the Republican party....
		McKinley [Republican nominee for President] was nominated in St. Louis upon a platform which declared for the maintenance of the gold standard [in part, because the gold standard is the accepted international currency standard]....
		the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.
	www.pinzler.com /ushistory/crossgoldsupp.html (565 words)

	Today in History: March 19
		We will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.
		His moving "Cross of Gold" speech, delivered prior to his nomination, lambasted Eastern monied classes for supporting the gold standard at the expense of the average worker.
		Bryan began his second unsuccessful campaign against McKinley with a critique of what he called "The Paralyzing Influence of Imperialism." The speech, delivered at the 1900 Democratic National Convention, was aimed at McKinley's handling of the Spanish-American War.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/mar19.html (1001 words)

	William Jennings Bryan
		William Jennings Bryan won the Democratic nomination for president in Chicago in 1896 on the strength of his "cross of gold" speech.
		If they ask us why we do not employ in our platform all the things that we believe in, we reply that when we have restored the money of the Constitution all other necessary reforms will be possible; but that until this is done there is no other reform that can be accomplished.
		The Cross of Gold by William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator.
	www.talewins.com /Treasures/history/goldcross.htm (2572 words)

	Quote DB :: Speeches :: William Jennings Bryan :: Cross of Gold Speech
		I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentleman to whom you have listened if this were a mere measuring of abilities, but this is not a contest between persons.
		When you [Bryan points to gold delegates] come before us and tell us that we are about to disturb your business interests, we reply that you have disturbed our business interests by your course.
		If they tell us that the gold standard is a good thing, we shall point to their platform and tell them that their platform pledges the party to get rid of the gold standard and substitute bi-metualism.
	www.quotedb.com /speeches/cross-of-gold (1934 words)

	ProgressiveHistorians :: Transformational Leadership: William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" Speech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It was a good speech, and well-received; but the delegates present knew that Altgeld, born in Germany, could not be their candidate for President.
		A gold supporter even got caught up in the fervor, shouting at Bryan, "Yell, for God's sake, yell!" The convention not only seated Bryan's slate of delegates, but they nominated Bryan for President, repudiating Altgeld's preferred candidate.
		Eloquent ministers will always be disrespected by people from other sects; talented artists are useless to those only interested in other types of art; but the political leader with a message of hope and renewal can light an entire people with the flame of his or her words.
	www.progressivehistorians.com /showDiary.do?diaryId=185 (4359 words)

	The Cross of Gold Speech
		Bryan presented himself and made a speech so powerful that he soon won the nomination.
		An obscure young silverite orator when he came to the convention, after this speech he was the most famous in all country.
		Speech given by William Jenmings Bryan during the 1896 Democratic National Convention.
	www.micheloud.com /FXM/MH/Crime/crossof.htm (2783 words)

	PBS - American Experience: Woodrow Wilson \| People
		Bryan's scathing denunciation of attempts by the "great cities" to impose a gold standard - his "Cross of Gold" speech at the Democratic convention in 1896 - is considered one of the greatest political speeches in American history.
		"You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." It gained Bryan the presidential nomination.
		Bryan lost to William McKinley then ran for president and lost twice more, in 1900 to McKinley again and in 1908 to Theodore Roosevelt's candidate, William H. TaftBy the 1912 election, Bryan was essentially the Democratic Party's "king maker;" though he himself would not be nominated, his endorsement guaranteed a candidate's success.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/wilson/peopleevents/p_bryan.html (419 words)

	Gilded Age: 1896: The Cross of Gold
		At this gathering the Illinois native William Jennings Bryan transfixed the audience with a speech in favor of free silver.
		Republicans responded by insisting that the gold standard preserved the savings that hard-working people had accumulated, and as such became a moral obligation.
		Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech mixed a familiar economic arguments with powerful religious metaphors, and stole the party's nomination away from seasoned politicians.
	dig.lib.niu.edu /gildedage/narr8.html (1437 words)

	SparkNotes: The Gilded Age & the Progressive Era (1877–1917): The Rise and Fall of Populism: 1892–1896
		The United States would have then had to go off the gold standard, which would have crashed the economy completely and ruined the country’s financial credibility abroad.
		As a result, Democrats instead nominated William Jennings Bryan, who at the nominating convention delivered his now-famous “Cross of Gold” speech in condemnation of the gold standard.
		Ironically, Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech, though seen as one of the finest rally cries in U.S. history, ended up creating many opponents of the free silver cause.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/american/gildedage/section6.rhtml (1233 words)

	The American Experience \| America 1900 \| The Film & More
		When you [turning to the gold delegates] come before us and tell us that we are about to disturb your business interests, we reply that you have disturbed our business interests by course.
		More than that; we can tell them that they will search the pages of history in vain to find a single instance where the holders of fixed investments have declared for a gold standard, but not where the masses have.
		If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight the to the uttermost.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/1900/filmmore/reference/primary/crossofgold.html (2263 words)

	Welcome to The American Presidency
		Known as the silver-tongued orator, he is best remembered for his moving Cross of Gold speech and for his work as a prosecutor in the famous Scopes "monkey" trial.
		At the Democratic convention of 1896, Bryan, a Free Silver Democrat, excited quarreling delegates to applause with these words from the Cross of Gold speech, "We will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them.
		you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." Bryan's speech won him the Democratic presidential nomination.
	ap.grolier.com /article?assetid=a2003790-h&templatename=/article/article.html (357 words)

	Non-denominational for Christians and Jews
		The origin of this symbol comes from the fact that the Catholic Church claims St. Peter was crucified upside down, as he felt he was unworthy to be crucified in the same manner that Christ died (upright).
		Catholics use this cross as a symbol of humility and unworthiness in comparison to Christ.
		They scream "freedom of speech" and "democracy" when someone makes a painting of the Virgin Mary with cow dung, and have no problem showing videos of Muslim fundamentalists beheading innocent people.
	bibleprobe.com (6855 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If they tell us that the gold standard is a good thing, we shall point to their platform and tell them that their platform pledges the party to get rid of the old standard and substitute bimetallism.
		In order to appreciate it, first read about the “money question” (gold and silver standards) wherever the subject can found in your textbooks.
		In a one or two page type-written double-spaced paper, review the circumstances in which the speech was given.
	www.rowan.edu /history/BryanCrGld96.doc (1329 words)

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