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Topic: Cross pollination

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Pollination management

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	Pollination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pollination is an important step in the reproduction of seed plants: the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) to the plant carpel, the structure that contains the ovule (female gamete).
		The process of pollination requires pollinators as agents that carry or move the pollen grains from the anther to the receptive part of the carpel.
		Pollination management is a branch of horticulture that seeks to protect and enhance present pollinators and often involves the culture and addition of pollinators in monoculture situations, such as commercial fruit orchards.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pollination (1360 words)

	Apple Direct Pests
		In its simplest sense pollination involves the transfer of the male gamete, pollen, from the anther (part of the male structure of the flower) to the stigma, the receptive female structure of the flower.
		Pollinating insects are necessary for fruit set on all cultivars, and most cultivars will benefit from cross pollination.
		This variation is due to a number of factors, including the particular fruit crop, the varieties to be pollinated, the arrangement and size of trees within an orchard, the population of wild bees and the weather conditions likely to be encountered during the bloom period.
	www.ento.vt.edu /Fruitfiles/bees.html (1649 words)

	Pumpkin Nook : Pollination
		Cross pollination of one variety to another variety in the same family can be good if you are experimenting with, or attempting to create new varieties or disease resistant strains.
		Cross pollination of giant pumpkins in particular may on the surface appear to be causing risk to long term survival.
		Cross pollination across varieties of the the same species is undesirable when a pumpkin crosses with a squash of the same variety.
	www.pumpkinnook.com /howto/pollen.htm (1736 words)

	A Study of Self - Pollination and Cross - Pollination in Avocados (Persea americana Mill)cv. Hass of Different Varieties
		Pollinators are distributed in quincunce in the Hass planting, belonging to the Bacon, Edranol, Hass, Rincon and Zutano varieties.
		Pollination problems are due to the avocado's particular flowering pattern, and despite complete flowers being present the phenomenon of dicogamia protoginea occurs where the sex verticils ripen out of time, thereby lessening the chances for self-pollination.
		This indicates that either there is no reason to use pollinators in the case of Hass, thereby allowing to plant dense orchards of this variety alone, and producing significant crops, as affirmed by Gazit (1977) and Hodgson (1947), or, that due to the proximity of other fields, there was probably significant cross-pollination.
	www.avocadosource.com /WAC3/WAC3_p052.htm (1572 words)

	UGA Honey Bee Program - Pollination - Pollination Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Many valuable crops benefit from insect pollination; the transfer of pollen from the male parts of a flower to the female part of a flower.
		Among insect pollinators, bees are especially efficient because they eat pollen and nectar exclusively, visit many flowers of the same species during a single trip, and have hairy bodies which easily pick up pollen grains.
		Generally, growers are receiving less "free" pollination from wild bees and increasingly they must make up for this by renting managed honey bee hives during bloom periods.
	www.ent.uga.edu /bees/Pollination/Background.htm (434 words)

	"Cross-Pollination Leads to Triple Herbicide Resistance"
		In one such case it is probable that a glufosinate-resistant plant was pollinated by a glyphosate-resistant plant in 1997.
		The triple resistance in the second plant is proposed to have arisen by a different sequence of events, with the first cross occurring between glufosinate- and imidazolinone-resistant plants.
		A progeny of this cross is thought to have escaped glyphosate treatment and crossed with one of the glyphosate-resistant volunteers.
	www.biotech-info.net /cross_pollination2.html (1180 words)

	Pollination of Tree Fruits
		In established orchards without adequate pollinizers, the top of every third tree in every third row may be grafted to a pollinizing variety.
		Bouquets also may be used by placing branches of open, fresh blossoms of a pollinating variety in buckets of water and hanging them in the trees.
		Pollination: the transfer of pollen from the anthers to the stigma of a flower.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/garden/07002.html (775 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Pollination
		In order for pollination to be successful, pollen must be transferred between plants of the same species—for example, a rose flower must always receive rose pollen and a pine tree must always receive pine pollen.
		Plants typically rely on one of two methods of pollination: cross-pollination or self-pollination, but some species are capable of both.
		The resulting seeds and the plants they produce inherit the genetic information of only one parent, and the new plants are genetically identical to the parent.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761556359___7/Pollination.html (438 words)

	UO Stratics - Cross Pollination
		When you pollinate one plant with pollen from another plant, the targeted plant will produce seeds that will grow into a hybrid of the two plants.
		While you may continue to gather pollen from a plant throughout its entire life cycle, once a plant has been pollinated (either by itself, through natural pollination, or through manual cross-pollination from another plant), no further combinations may be performed.
		The seed type that the plant will produce is determined the first time the plant is pollinized, and cannot be changed afterwards.
	uo.stratics.com /content/basics/crosspollination.shtml (759 words)

	AgBioForum 4(2): Cross Pollination From Genetically Engineered Corn: Wind Transport And Seed Source
		In 1999, we monitored cross contamination to recipient plots, and in 2000 we monitored synchronicity of pollen shed and transport to recipient field plots.
		While all corn was sown on the same day, and despite the similarity in maturity, there was some asynchronicity in plant maturity due to one field being wetter and colder longer (figure 2).
		This observation likely explains the low generalized resistance observed in the 100 m S plots; however, it is difficult to determine whether the glyphosate resistance in the offspring is due to wind-carried pollen from the GE source or due to the contaminated seed.
	www.agbioforum.org /v4n2/v4n2a02-jemison.htm (1699 words)

	ACES Publications : ANR-0053-E
		Pollination refers only to the transfer of pollen from the anthers (male structure) of one flower to the stigma (female structure) of the same or another flower.
		The processes of pollination and subsequent seed formation are generally necessary for fruit set and development of most fruit plants.
		Pollination and fruiting characteristics of fruit plants are described in Table 1.
	www.aces.edu /pubs/docs/A/ANR-0053-E (795 words)

	Mechanisms that permit self-pollination (from pollination) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Such self-pollination may be achieved by curving of stamens or style as occurs, for example, in fireweed.
		Pollen grains are fertilizing bodies—they produce male sex cells, or sperm—and are formed in the stamen, or male apparatus, of seed-bearing plants.
		Pollination is the process by which these grains are transferred to the flower's pistil, or female structure, and unite with the female egg.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-75896?tocId=75896 (733 words)

	The Gardener's Network A to Z's of Home Gardening : Pollination
		Cross pollination across varieties of the the same species is undesirable in some cases.
		The cucurbita family (squash, pumpkins and cucumbers) for example, are notorious at cross pollinating.
		The cross is carried in the genes of the seed and will show up in the plants of the next generation.
	www.gardenersnet.com /atoz/pollen.htm (1703 words)

	Pollination of Vegetable Crops
		Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen (male flower) to the pistil (female flower part).
		Pollen from the male flower must be transferred to the female flower for pollination and subsequent fruit development to occur.
		Among insect pollinators, bees are especially efficient because they eat pollen and nectar exclusively, visit many flowers of the same species during a single trip, and have hairy bodies that easily pick up pollen grains.
	pubs.caes.uga.edu /caespubs/pubcd/L232.htm (1054 words)

	Pollination myths and seed saving
		The truth is that when plants cross, characteristics are not expressed until the seed produced by the cross is planted and produces a new crop.
		When field corn and sweet corn cross, however, the kernel appearance and taste are altered the first year.
		Plants cross when pollen from one plant is moved to the flowers of another by wind or insects.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/CoopExt/4DMG/VegFruit/mythseed.htm (183 words)

	UACES: AR Home and Garden: Fruits: Pollination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from one plant to the flower of a genetically different plant or variety.
		Pollination is an important factor when selecting and planting tree and small fruits.
		Fruit trees that require two different varieties for pollination should be planted within 50 to 100 feet of one another to insure good fruit set.
	www.arhomeandgarden.org /fruits/pollination.asp (346 words)

	Cherry Varieties - ACN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		cross is an early season crack-resistant dark red cherry.
		Pollination: Should be planted in sets of 2 or 3 varieties to allow for cross pollination.
		Pollination:Should be planted in sets of 2 or 3 varieties to allow for cross pollination.
	www.acnursery.com /cherries.htm (851 words)

	Cross-Pollination Planting Plans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The problem is due to slow pollen tube growth and/or resultant inadequate cross pollination.
		The variety used as a pollen source is the pollenizer and the honeybee, which carries the pollen between the 2 varieties, is the pollinator or vector.
		The best solution to this problem is not known but Plan C should suffice, however, it results in the use of 33% pollenizers.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /CH070 (803 words)

	Melon Cross-Pollination - Heirloom Plants & Gardens Forum - GardenWeb
		I thnk what you may be getting at is if there's X pollination between the two in the same season will the fruits of both be true to type in that same season and the answer is yes.
		C ross pollination in a given season does not affect the fr uits of that season.
		Only if you were to save seeds from X pollinated fruit s and plant them the next season would you see differences, as Gardenlad has explained above.
	forums.gardenweb.com /forums/load/heirloom/msg021351156778.html (420 words)

	Cross Pollination, Home Church, and Body Ministry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In a nutshell, here it is: cell churches, body ministry, and cross pollination.
		That’s cross pollination when one local ministry team joins in ministry with another local ministry team to take the gospel to the world.
		Cell groups to body ministry to cross pollination.
	www.greaterthings.com /ridenhour/HomeChurch/cross_pollination.htm (1811 words)

	Apostolic-Prophetic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		I believe we are in a day of much needed CROSS POLLINATION of ministry.
		When they arrive at the next flower, a portion of the live GOLDEN DUST is transferred to that blossom and pollination is accomplished.
		There are a vast number of hurting, troubled people waiting for us to sprinkle them with the "live golden dust" of the Holy Spirit that has been imparted to us through this great outpouring of the Holy Spirit.
	www.apostolic-prophetic.com /a130.htm (1200 words)

	Moon Flower cross pollination - Moon Garden Forum - GardenWeb
		They look like a cross between both, and I am eagerly awaiting opening to discover what the flowers will look like.
		They are similar to the Moon Flowers, but look as if they have color like the Clematis.
		The moonflower probably didn't cross with the clematis(an entirely different species), but it is very likely that a bee, or other such pollinator, brought some pollen from another mg nearby, and they crossed, to give you a colored moonflower.
	forums.gardenweb.com /forums/load/moon/msg091125408552.html?/moon/... (331 words)

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