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Topic: Cross ribbed vault

	Vault - LoveToKnow Watches
		In the case of vaults built under the level of the ground, the latter gave all that was required, but, when raised aloft, various expedients had to be employed, such as great thickness of walls in the case of barrel or continuous vaults, and cross walls or buttresses when intersecting vaults were employed.
		The widest hall vaulted by the Romans was that of the throne room in the palace of Diocletian on the Palatine Hill, and this had the enormous span of zoo ft., its thrust being counteracted by other halls on either side with buttresses outside.
		The first introduction of the pointed arch rib would seem to have taken place in the choir aisles of the abbey of St Denis, near Paris, built by the Abbe Suger in 1135, and it was in the church at Vezelay (1140) that it was extended to the square bay of the porch.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Vault (3343 words)

	glue-it.com The home of model making
		A quadrant vault is a half-barrel (tunnel) vault.
		A cross vault (or groin) is formed at the point at which two barrel (tunnel) vaults intersect at right angles.
		In a ribbed vault, there is a framework of ribs or arches under the intersections of the vaulting sections.
	www.glue-it.com /houses/general-information/glossary/v_summ.htm (217 words)

	Basilica of San Vitale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A series of mosaics in the lunettes above the triforia, depict sacrifices from the Old Testament : the story of Abraham and Melchizedek, and the Sacrifice of Isaac; the story of Moses and the Burning Bush, Jeremiah and Isaiah, representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel, and the story of Abel and Cain.
		On the side walls the corners, next to the mullioned windows, have mosaics of the Four Evangelists, under their symbols (angel, lion, bull and eagle), and dressed in white.
		The cross-ribbed vault in the presbytery is richly ornamented with mosaic festoons of leaves, fruit and flowers, converging on a crown encircling the Lamb of God.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Basilica_of_San_Vitale (926 words)

	Dictionary
		Crossing - the space in a cruiciform church formed by the intersection of the nave and the transept.
		Cross-ribbed vaults - a cross or groin vault is created by the intersection of two barrell vaults (a continuous semicircular vault) of equal size.
		A ribbed vault is found when the joining of curved sides of a groin vault is demarcated by a raised rib.
	www.indiana.edu /~w505a/dictionary.html (1780 words)

	Bloomsbury.com - Research centre
		The simplest form of vault, it is, in effect, a continuous masonry vault of semi-cylindrical or pointed section, supported by parallel walls or piers.
		A vault of concave-sided semi-cones, whose diagonal ribs radiate, fan-like, from their springers, the ribs of each semi-cone being of the same length and curvature, each equally distanced from its neighbour.
		A ribbed vault in which a basic quadripartite arrangement is further subdivided by having the lateral cells bisected by a transverse rib, thus producing six cells in total.
	www.bloomsbury.com /ARC/detail.asp?EntryID=101329&bid=1 (184 words)

	Cathedral architecture of Western Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While the churches of Western Europe favoured the longitudinal plan of the so-called Latin cross, the churches of Byzantium favoured the centrally-planned Greek cross surmounted by a dome and with several apses.
		It was won by the artist Brunelleschi who, inspired by domes that he had seen on his travels, such as that of San Vitale in Ravenna and the enormous dome of the Roman period which roofed the Pantheon, he designed a huge dome which is regarded as the first building of the Renaissance period.
		The crossing is surmounted by a dome which unusual in being oval, thus prefiguring the flexible use of architectural form of the Baroque period.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cathedral_architecture (6740 words)

	Romanesque Architecture
		Ribbed vault- a cross or groin vault in which the groins are marked by projecting stone ribs.
		The use of diagonal ribs along the groin together with wall ribs and transverse ribs radically changed the basic visual effect of vaulting from one of broadly curving surfaces to one of cellular division and linear movement.
		The ribs reduced the quantity of centering (wooden supports) required during the construction and permitted a thinner vault, reduced thrust, and therefore reduced the mass throughout the building, allowing larger areas of windows.
	employees.oneonta.edu /farberas/arth/arth109/arth109_sl19.html (386 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gothic Architecture
		During the first phase of the transition, 1100-40, the builders struggled to master the rib vault in its simpler problems: they learned to construct it on square and on oblong plans and even over the awkward curves of ambulatory aisles, but their experiments were always on a small scale.
		Barrel vaults were occasionally used, groin vaults in innumerable cases; the groin vault with ribs first occurs in Durham in 1093, an astonishing date, since the earliest ribbed vault claimed for France is in the diminutive church of Rhuis, a structure the date of which is unknown, but is placed at about 1100.
		The earliest known rib vault is claimed by Rivoira to be that of San Flaviano, in Umbria, but there is some doubt as to whether this is the original vault of a church known to have been built in 1032.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06665b.htm (9933 words)

	Big areas: Midi-Pyrénées (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The abbey church of Sylvanes is one of the last buildings of the Romanesque period in the Rouergue, as well as being one of the finest examples of Cistercian architecture in the Provençal lands.
		It was began in 1157 and was characterized by a large single nave covered by an acute angled barrel vault.
		The transept, covered by a cross ribbed vault, already announced the arrival of the Gothic.
	www.viaoccitanacatalana.org /zone/zone_dettaglio_mid_ing.asp?offset=3 (406 words)

	Gun Vault On Fox Hill - British Guns
		The top ribs are inlayed in gold with CESKOSLEVENSKA ZBROJOYKA and the underside with A.S. The best quality walnut stocks measure 15 1/2 x 1 3/8 x 1 15/16 x 7/16 cast on to English leather pad.
		Similar engraving is found on the trigger guard and as a wedge on the breech end of the barrels.
		The 28 inch barrels have a wide full filed rib with a blade front sight and cover and a three leaf rear sight (1 fixed and 2 folding) marked 100, 200 and 300 yds.
	www.gun-vault.com /british_guns.htm (5388 words)

	Gothic Architecture
		By the 12th century, architects realized the superiority of the groined vault compared to the barrel vault and started to add ribs, which were used to support the weight of the vault.
		The vault uses a diagonally reinforced arch resting on thin pillars, permitting the walls to be hollowed out (and thus, filled with windows), while also allowing the vaults to extend higher.
		As noted, ribbed vaulting may have originated in Islamic Spain, where it had appeared as early as the second half of the 10th century (Bony 1983).
	www.athenapub.com /14gothic-architecture.htm (1109 words)

	Kenneth Snelson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The medieval architects, dealing with thrust and counterthrust in the stones of vaults and flying buttresses, might have built the skeleton of Chartres on the "tensegrity" principle if the materials had been available.
		The ethereality of Gothic space, the visual denial of such inconveniences as the law of gravity, and above all the dematerialization of matter, are logically continued in these despiritualized symbols of modern science.
		But although they are despiritualized, and totally transformed visually, the taut metal webs are relatives of the cross-ribbed pointed vault, and they carry the same impact of living forces brought into vital balances.
	www.kennethsnelson.net /articles/john_canaday_ny_times.htm (484 words)

	Carew Castle
		The cross is inlaid with fine Celtic knot-work and interlaced ribbon pattern, its two sides displaying different variations.
		The cross is a royal memorial commemorating Maredudd ap Edwin, who became joint ruler with his brother of Duheubarth, the kingdom of Southwest Wales, in 1033, only to be killed in battle two years later.
		If the cross is a memorial stone, then Carew may have been a royal residence of this ancient Celtic kingdom.
	www.castlewales.com /carew.html (2284 words)

	Scottish Gothic Churches and Abbeys ::
		The new emphasis on articulation, structuring buildings into bays with vertical divisions, and expressing vaults through arches or ribs, carried by columns and capitals, leads, paradoxically, from this sense of mass through a stronger sense of structure to the much lighter ‘Gothic’ style, whose emphasis on lightness and windows depends on this structural precision.
		Smaller churches have apses, often with a cross-ribbed vault in front or segmental vaults on ribs and carried on corbels, where Celtic churches tend to have square ends.
		From the late 12th century the original plan was expanded, however, with a large chancel closed by a large East window, larger transept chapels, and vaulting throughout, giving a clearer sense of the proportions and power of Durham, albeit on a much reduced scale.
	www.arthist.arts.gla.ac.uk /gothic_open/html/dur_du_k.htm (2199 words)

	myCroatia \| Dalmatia \| Croatian turist travel information Dalmatia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This is contained in the ornaments like the heads of angels on the vault; the symbols of four evangelists on the floor, the main alter and the lateral naves.
		The church of St. Cross is a building of central type with blind niches and its ground plan is an one- branch Greek cross.
		The church is the only preserved example of the Romanesque architecture with the central ground-plan and the cross-ribbed vault from the end of the 11th and the beginning of the 12 th century.
	www.mycroatia.com /site/en/dubrovnik/meer_dalmatie.html (19034 words)

	Museums, galleries, libraries and cultural institutes in Rhodes (Rodos or Rhodos) Greece
		Built in the late 11th c., its architectural type is that of a domed, cross-in-square church, with the western leg of the cross longer than the others.
		The work was concentrated on the roofing over the aisles and the sanctuary, in which use was made of poros blocks of various sizes as it is easily seen in the masonry of the monument.
		The dome was replaced by a barrel-vault and ribbed cross-vaults, which effectively transformed the building into a three-aisled church with a transept.
	www.helios.gr /rhodes/info/byz_museum.htm (498 words)

	Art Terms and Definitions
		Underground chamber or vault, usually beneath the presbytery of a church and used for burial or sometimes as an oratory.
		A form of cross vaulting in which the weight of the segments is evenly distributed over raised stone ribs.
		Various forms exist: 1) barrel vault - an extreme development of the Roman arch (weight was carried equally by both walls); 2) cross vault where two barrel vaults cross and are divided into four segments with weight-bearing ribs each supported by a pilaster.
	www.arca.net /tourism/glossary.htm (3857 words)

	ArtLex's V page
		cross vault consists of two barrel vaults intersecting each other at right angles.
		A sexpartite vault is a ribbed vault with six panels.
		Three alternating views of a rib vault in an unidentified Gothic cathedral.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/V.html (4898 words)

	[No title]
		It is shaped like an inscribed Greek cross and its composition is characterized by the simple and clear neoclassical style which blends with the baroque and Renaissance art works survived from the previous church.
		Among the churches built according to the style of the typical local architecture (stone vaults, walling whitewashed with milk of lime and slab roofs) the church of St. Nicholas of Mira deserves a special place.
		Inside the barrel vault and the small dome are entirely covered with paintings portraying the saint of Mira, the musician-angels, scenes of hermit life, the four Evangelists and God the Father surrounded by cherubs.
	digilander.libero.it /locomind/enguide/enguide.htm (4071 words)

	The Art of Ryan Swallow - Paintings by Ryan Swallow
		vault A masonry roof or ceiling constructed on the principle of the arch.
		A tunnel or barrel vault is a semicircular arch extended in depth: a continuous series of arches, one behind the other.
		A ribbed vault is a vault reinforced by masonry ribs.
	www.ryanswallow.com (7856 words)

	Vault (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A straight, continuous arched vault or ceiling, either semicircular or semi-elliptical in profile
		A vault supported by or decorated with arched diagonal ribs
		When two barrel vaults intersect at a right angle, the juncture forms a groin or cross-vault, which provides lunette windows for lighting at either end.
	ah.bfn.org /a/DCTNRY/v/vault.html (99 words)

	culturenet.hr - Panorama - Art - Time - History of Croatian Art - Croatian Art in the Context of European Culture
		From the "golden age" of Byzantine art in the reign of Justinian I, we have the episcopal complex and mosaics of Poreč (6th century), whose iconographic originality and exceptional artistic quality long ago led to comparison with the contemporary, and better known, mosaics of Ravenna.
		These churches form a separate group of buildings over which art historians and other scholars have crossed swords, debating the crucial question of whether Roman antiquity or the so-called "barbarian" art played the vital role in the formation of early medieval architecture: the theories of continuity and discontinuity in culture.
		The cross-ribbed vault in the bell tower of the Benedictine monastery in Zadar (1105) is one of the oldest reliably dated in Europe, while the portal of Trogir cathedral by Master Radovan (1240) is the most outstanding work of medieval sculpture not only in Croatia but in this part of Europe.
	www.culturenet.hr /v1/english/panorama.asp?id=53 (1502 words)

	Museums & Exhibitions
		In front of the colonnade of the west portico stands a late Hellenistic tombstone in the form of a lion with the head of a bull between its front paws.
		On the north side there are underground rooms that served as storerooms; and it was probably in these that pad of the civilian population took refuge in the event of an enemy attack.
		The ground floor was occupied by small and large vaulted rooms, set around a square courtyard, which were used as ancillary rooms.
	www.helios.gr /exr/manual/museums.htm (3553 words)

	Homs:Krak des Chevaliers, Syria (Homs Online - Homsonline.com)
		The inner fortress was used as the crusader castle.
		The entrance has a wide ramp and a vaulted passage that leads you to the outer ring and on to a platform that links to the inner castle.
		There is a spiral staircase that takes you up into his room that is round and has a cross-ribbed vault, which is supported by columns.
	www.homsonline.com /Citeis/KrakDesChevaliers.htm (710 words)

	NetSERF: Hypertext Medieval Glossary: V
		Continuous arched vault, semi-circular, segmental or segmental-pointed, plain or with transverse ribs.
		Cross vaulting, formed by intersection of simple vaulting surfaces.
		Vault with short intermediate ribs not rising from the springing.
	www.netserf.org /Glossary/v.cfm (1347 words)

	Newport Tower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Only the ribs of a vaulted ceiling remain or perhaps, like the church, the project was never finished.
		The cult of the saints and the miraculous powers of their relics—touching the reliquary containing a mere fingernail was considered efficacious—reached its zenith in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries when lord and yeoman alike took the pilgrim’s staff and followed well-trodden paths to venerated holy places.
		Thousands of sinners traveled the byways of Europe to cross the Pyrenees and converge at the great church of Saint James in Compostella, Spain, where it was fervently believed that the body of Saint James, the apostle and brother of Jesus was taken to its final resting place.
	www.neara.org /CARLSON/newporttower.htm (13491 words)

	ArtLex's Rf-Rz page
		In Gothic architecture, the ribs form the framework of the vaulting.
		A typical cross is formed by the intersection of two line segments at right angles to each other.
		The ribbed groin vault, developed during this period, was to be extremely important in Gothic architecture.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/Rf.html (3866 words)

	The Adrenaline Vault Review of Gamer's Mousepad Showdown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The cross section reveals the thin, hard surface backed to the dense foam padding that keeps the X-Trac from sliding around your desk.
		A nice addition to your purchase of the X-Trac HS optical mouse pad is the inclusion of the X-Trac Eels tape.
		The raised, ribbed pattern visible here demonstrates the strength of the Ratpadz as well as its light weight.
	www.avault.com /hardware/print_review.asp?review=mouseshowdwn (1588 words)

	Temple Church (Holy Cross), City, Bristol
		The parish church of Holy Cross stands overlooking Victoria Street in what was really the first suburb of the old City of Bristol.
		The interior of the tower preserves its bell-hole and ribbed vault.
		"Temple or Holy Cross Church, thus nominated from the Knights Templars, who wore a white habit with a red cross upon the left shoulder, and by whom it was founded in the reign of King Stephen, about the year 1145.
	www.geocities.com /churchcrawler/bristol/temple.htm (1218 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Cross-arch: Diagonal rib; either a round arch or a pointed arch under the sharp edges of a vault.
		Tetramorph: symbolic representation of the four Evangelists by their usual attributes: a man for Matthew, a lion for Mark, a bull for Luke, and an eagle for John.
		Transept: Nave perpendicular to the main nave, which may give the church the form of a cross if the two arms are putting out.
	www.cathedraledeparis.com /en/K.asp (866 words)

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