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Topic: Crossbill

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Common Crossbill

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	Crossbill - LoveToKnow 1911
		The young (which on leaving the nest have not the tips of the bill crossed) are of a dull olive colour with indistinct dark stripes on the lower parts, and the quills of the wings and tail dusky.
		Depending mainly for food on the seeds of conifers, the movements of crossbills are irregular beyond those of most birds, and they would seem to rove in any direction and at any season in quest of their staple sustenance.
		Notice of a like visitation in 1593 is recorded, but of late it has become evident that not a year passes without crossbills being observed in some part or other of England, while in certain localities in Scotland they seem to breed annually.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Crossbill (806 words)

	The Common Crossbill
		The Crossbill lives in flocks, composed apparently of several families, and is an extremely gentle and social bird.
		I have presented you with a flock of these Crossbills, composed of individuals of different ages, engaged in their usual occupations, on a branch of their favourite tree, the hemlock pine.
		Crossbills appeared in large flocks, in the winter of 1832, in the pine woods near Fresh Pond, and with them two or three White-winged Crossbills.
	www.audubon.org /bird/BoA/F15_G13a.html (1218 words)

	British Garden Birds - Crossbill
		The Crossbill is a heavily built finch, a little larger than a Greenfinch, with a larger, thicker bill with mandibles that cross at the tip.
		The female Crossbill lays and incubates eggs that are smooth, glossy and pale blue with sparse purplish markings at one end.
		Crossbills frequently leave one area of forest for another as a result of the sporadic nature of the cone crops.
	www.garden-birds.co.uk /birds/crossbill.htm (396 words)

	Common Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
		Crossbills are thirsty birds-doubtless on account of their diet of pine seeds-and these rarities have been watched drinking at carpark puddles.
		In parts of their range, crossbills breed in every month of the year, their ability to withstand a cold climate enabling them to breed whenever there is a good cone crop.
		It will be most interesting to record the numbers of crossbills remaining to breed in the Breckland Forest rather than returning to the dark and distant fir forests of Scandinavia.
	www.birdsofbritain.co.uk /bird-guide/crossbill.htm (428 words)

	Trees for Life - Species profile: Scottish crossbill
		The Scottish crossbill is confined to the Highlands of Scotland, where it occurs in the pinewood remnants of the Caledonian Forest, and in conifer plantations which are 100 years or older in age.
		The common crossbill, which feeds mainly on spruce seeds contained in relatively small cones, has a slender bill, whereas the parrot crossbill has a much larger bill for opening the tougher cones of Scots pine.
		The crossbill feeds on pine seeds either by pulling a cone off a branch and then holding it with its feet while it uses its bill to extract the seeds, or it acrobatically moves around the cone, extracting the seeds without removing the cone from the branch.
	www.treesforlife.org.uk /tfl.crossbill.html (1555 words)

	crossbill - Encyclopedia.com
		crossbill bird of the genus Loxia, in the finch family.
		Crossbills are found in the evergreen forests of the Northern Hemisphere, as far south as NW Africa and Guatemala.
		Crossbills are not considered migratory, but they shift their breeding grounds erratically, probably in response to the availability of pine cones.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc.aspx?id=1E1:crossbil (956 words)

	White-winged Crossbill
		The White-winged Crossbill is a rich carmine inclining to crimson, dark reddish-brown feet, dusky feathers and tail, two broad bands of white on wing bars, and sides brownish.
		The southward migration of the White-winged Crossbill, is extremely irregular.
		The habits of the White-winged Crossbill are in general similar to those of other common species.
	www.birdnature.com /whtwngcrbl.html (361 words)

	Scottish Crossbills
		The Scottish crossbill was for a long time considered by many ornithologists to be a race of either the Common Crossbill or the Parrot Crossbill, both of which occur in the Caledonian Forest.
		This crossbill is resident, and is not known to migrate.
		The Scottish Crossbill is a specialist feeder on the cones of pines (Scots pine and Lodgepole pine) and larch.
	www.beautyofbirds.com /scottishcrossbills.html (858 words)

	Crossbill Natural History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Crossbills are closely related to goldfinches and canaries, and like them, have elaborate and melodious songs.
		Crossbills are found primarily in association with conifer trees that have cones on them; they use their unusual bills to pull out tiny pine nuts from between cone scales.
		Birdwatchers know that if crossbills can be found in a place one year, chances are that there won't be crossbills there again until years later, when the local conifers produce another crop.
	research.amnh.org /ornithology/crossbills/nathist.html (409 words)

	Forestry Commission - Common Crossbill
		The Crossbill is a thick-set finch, larger than a greenfinch, with an easily distinguishable bill.
		Whole forests may have good crops one year and be unproductive the next.
		The Crossbill uses its unique bill to feed on conifer seeds, particularly larch, pine and spruce.
	www.forestry.gov.uk /forestry/INFD-5XLDG6 (224 words)

	Red Crossbill Winter 1997-1998 Survey
		The primary wild food of Red Crossbills is conifer cones.
		The winter finch survey is showing that this crossbill is most often found in areas of moderate to heavy cone crops.
		The last major invasion of Red Crossbills into the mid-Atlantic States was 25 years ago in 1972.
	www.birdsource.org /winfin/Redcro/recrsurv.htm (207 words)

	Common crossbill - Loxia curvirostra: More Information - ARKive
		There is an old belief that the crossbill acquired its peculiar beak as a result of trying to remove the nails from the hands and feet of Christ when he was on the cross.
		In Scotland, the common crossbill is replaced by the Scottish crossbill, a bird intermediate between the common and the parrot crossbill of northern Scandinavia.
		The common crossbill is recorded as a Schedule 1 bird on the Wildlife and Countryside Act (as amended), along with all species of crossbill on the UK list.
	www.arkive.org /species/ARK/birds/Loxia_curvirostra/more_info.html (643 words)

	Language Log: Scottish dialect genetics
		The RSPB press release tells us that "Scottish crossbills (as identified by bill size) also have quite distinct flight and excitement calls from other crossbills", but unfortunately, neither the press release nor its replication at the BBC tells us what crossbills' calls are like in general, and how the Scottish-dialect version differs.
		The Scottish crossbill page on the RSPB website says that it has "[a] 'chup chup' call with a fluty quality", whereas the common crossbill has "[a] loud 'chip chip' call; a warbling, twittering song", whereas the parrot crossbill has "[v]ery similar calls to crossbills, but thought to give a distinctive deep ‘kop-kop’ and ‘choop choop’".
		The Appalachian crossbills also showed a pattern of assortative pairing based on acoustic characters, but this observation is trivial because call matching was a prerequisite for identification of birds as mates.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/003509.html (2163 words)

	Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
		The red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra, is readily identified by its distinctive bill that crosses at the tip.
		The red crossbill's diet consists almost exclusively of conifer seeds, which they extract by prying apart the scales of pine cones with their unique bills.
		A red crossbill is capable of temporarily storing a great many seeds in a special pocket in its throat to prepare for nest sitting or to feed its mate and nestlings.
	dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov /rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=loxicurv (268 words)

	Red Crossbill
		Red Crossbills occur in the southern taiga from southern Alaska to Newfoundland south into parts of New England, the Adirondack region of New York, and in the montane conifer forests of the western United States.
		Red Crossbills are highly nomadic conifer seed specialists that may irrupt out of their home range when food is scarce.
		Red Crossbills eat a variety of foods, including insects and the buds and seeds of many shrubs and trees, but when resources are limited, each type of Red Crossbill favors a particular key conifer species.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /red_crossbill_info.htm (588 words)

	All About Birds
		A stocky finch of mature coniferous forests, the Red Crossbill is dependent on the seed cones that are its main food.
		A bird's biting muscles are stronger than the muscles used to open the bill, so the Red Crossbill places the tips of its slightly open bill under a cone scale and bites down.
		The Red Crossbill shows a great deal of variation in bill shape and voice, and it may in fact be composed of several different species.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Red_Crossbill.html (397 words)

	Common or Red Crossbills
		The Common Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.
		It breeds in the spruce forests of North America, where it is known as Red Crossbill, as well as Europe and Asia; some populations (different species?) breed in pine forests in certain areas of all three continents, and in North America, also in Douglas-fir.
		Plumage distinctions from Parrot and Scottish Crossbills are negligible.
	www.avianweb.com /commoncrossbills.html (529 words)

	White-Winged Crossbill
		White-winged Crossbills are tame and social finches, partial to coniferous forests.
		Although White-winged crossbills eat the seeds of grasses, forbs and deciduous trees, as well as insects and berries, their bill structure enables them to specialize in consuming seeds of conifer cones.
		These crossbills forage by gleaning food from foliage while young birds are fed regurgitated milky, seed pulp.
	www.nps.gov /gaar/Expanded/key_values/natural_resources/birds/bird_descriptions/white-winged_crossbill.htm (549 words)

	Red Crossbill -- Food Specialist (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Red Crossbill goes through life with its upper beak twisted in one direction and the lower beak in the other.
		Movements that take crossbills out of their usual range are called irruptions.
		When the pine cone crop fails in the far north, for example, crossbills may irrupt into southern states to feed and nest, then move to another area when the food again becomes limited.
	www.paulnoll.com /Oregon/Birds/food-Crossbill.html (133 words)

	Common Crossbill
		The Common Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.
		The crossbills are characterised by the mandibles crossing at their tips, which gives the group its English name.
		Plumage distinctions from Parrot and Scottish Crossbills are negligible.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/c/co/common_crossbill.html (453 words)

	Tetrapod Zoology : An encounter with a crossbill
		At their tips, the jaws cross, and by biting in between the scales of cones, crossbills are able to force the scales apart to expose the seeds concealed within (Benkman 2003).
		The several crossbill species differ in the robustness of the bill, and correspondingly in feeding behaviour and ecology.
		Crossbills have a good Pleistocene fossil record (Tyrberg 1991) but working out what this record means for relationships and biogeography depends on how the taxonomy is interpreted.
	scienceblogs.com /tetrapodzoology/2007/02/an_encounter_with_a_crossbill.php (970 words)

	Red Crossbill
		It is heartening to see the crossbills feeding on the cones of Virginia Pine because the mature loblolly pines are being aggressively harvested from the property.
		It would be easy to pass up feeding crossbills unless you should see the movement in the branches or see the pine mast falling as they feed on the pine seeds.
		According to crossbill experts, the birds use their tongues to get the seed into their mouths, but this phenomenon is somewhat difficult to observe.
	www.gos.org /sightings/61-finches/recr2.html (890 words)

	Crossbills
		The crossbills are birds in the finch family Fringillidae.
		Crossbills breed very early in the year, often in winter months, to take advantage of maximum cone supplies.
		They can utilise other conifers to their preferred, and often need to do so when their preferred species has a crop failure, but are less efficient in their feeding (not enough to prevent survival, but probably enough to reduce breeding success).
	www.avianweb.com /crossbills.html (630 words)

	Two-barred Crossbills aka White-winged Crossbills
		The Two-barred Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera), known as the White-winged Crossbill in North America, is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.
		This crossbill is mainly resident, but will irregularly erupt south if its food source fails.
		Another crossbill on Hispaniola was previously treated as a subspecies, Loxia leucoptera megaplaga, but is now treated as a distinct species, Hispaniolan Crossbill, Loxia megaplaga.
	www.beautyofbirds.com /twobarredcrossbills.html (448 words)

	birding facts Birding Resources by the Fat Birder
		The Scottish crossbill, Loxia scotica, was first described as a sub species of the common crossbill in 1904 by a German taxonomist called Ernest Hartert, who noted that the bills of crossbills in highland Scotland were larger than that of common crossbills.
		Later it was realised that this difference was being maintained despite repeated invasions by common crossbills into Scotland from the continent, some of which stayed to breed in Scotland and could therefore potentially hybridise with Scottish crossbills.
		Now that we have shown the Scottish crossbill exists and is endemic, we must focus our conservation efforts in making sure that it not only survives, but flourishes and that Scotland has plenty of the habitat that supports and maintains the population of these birds, of which we should be justly proud.
	www.fatbirder.com /news/index.php?article=661 (664 words)

	Birds of Nova Scotia - Red Crossbill (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For an unknown number of years prior to 1920, the Red Crossbill was seasonably regular in the Annapolis Valley and presumably over the province generally, particularly during late May and early June, apparently attracted by the elm seeds which ripen at that time.
		By 1972 the Red Crossbill was common in small flocks provincewide and, during Christmas Bird Counts that year, 138 were counted at Broad Cove, Lunenburg County, 36 in Cape Breton Highlands National Park and 48 in the Dartmouth area.
		The Red Crossbill displays plain dark wings, but the wings of the White-winged Crossbill, as its name suggests, are conspicuously marked with double bars of white.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0404.htm (989 words)

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