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Topic: Crossbow bomber

	Wing Commander II: Vengeance of the Kilrathi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Though Thrakhath is imprisoned in the brig, a power failure allows him to escape; he grabs Hobbes's Crossbow and sorties out to avenge himself upon Khasra.
		YA-18 Crossbow Light Bomber: a lighter version of the Broadsword, this craft added two neutron guns and a slight speed and agility increase, trading off one friend-foe missile, some shielding and the side turrets.
		Grikath-class Heavy Fighter/Torpedo Bomber: small and surprisingly maneuverable, the Grikath was just as dangerous to fighters with its three forward Neutron guns, single rear Neutron turret and three Friend-or-Foe missiles as it was to capital ships with its three torpedoes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wing_Commander_2:_Vengeance_of_the_Kilrathi (4503 words)

	Confederation A-17 Broadsword Heavy Bomber
		The primary concern of most pilots regarding the Broadsword is the bombers lack of auxiliary thrusters and overall relatively slow speed which causes pilots to have to spend more time on the battlefield and in vulnerable attack positions.
		Engineers attempted to counteract the bomber's weakness with three dual neutron gun turrets on the sides and rear of the bomber and three forward firing mass-driver cannons mounted in the bomber's nose.
		Because the Broadsword bomber was too large to operate from escort carriers, a strike bomber was developed from the Sabre heavy fighter.
	www.kitsune.addr.com /SF-Conversions/Rifts-WC-Vehicles/Confederation_A-17_Broadsword_Bomber.htm (1750 words)

	HyperWar: The Army Air Forces in WWII: Vol. III--Europe: Argument to V-E Day [Chapter 5]
		Contributing further to the increase in the bomber command's operational rate was the development of a pathfinder squadron employing blind-bombing equipment and techniques developed by the RAF and the Eighth Air Force.
		Much effort was devoted to the training of bomber crews in the use of the radar aids developed by the RAF and the Eighth Air Force, and in January a provisional pathfinder squadron was established.
		Bomber command units also participated in some of the joint amphibious exercises which were carried out at Slapton Sands, on the southern coast of Devonshire near Dartmouth, a t intervals during the winter and spring.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/AAF/III/AAF-III-5.html (12578 words)

	Peenemunde - 1943
		Indeed, Crossbow was a large-scale counterair and strategic-attack operation that expended substantial effort to delay V-weapon attacks and then limit their effectiveness once Germany began to employ the missiles.
		It was the only occasion in the second half of the war when the whole of Bomber Command attempted a precision raid by night on such a small target.
		There were three aiming points - the scientists and workers living quarters, the rocket factory and the experimental station - and the Pathfinders employed a special plan with crews designated as shifters, who attempted to move the marking from one part of the target to another as the raid progressed.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/ops/peenemunde.htm (1965 words)

	Code name - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, the British counter measures against the V-2 was called Operation Crossbow.
		And the Russian code name for the project to base missiles in Cuba was that named after their closest bomber base to the US (just across the Bering Strait from Nome, Alaska), Operation Anadyr.
		Fighter names began with an 'F,' bombers with a 'B,' cargo aircraft with a 'C.' Training aircraft and reconnaissance aircraft were grouped under the word "miscellaneous," and received 'M.'
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Code_name (1713 words)

	Cross-Channel Attack-Chapter 6
		The latter, consisting initially of six heavy bomber groups and two groups of long-range fighters, would be under the general direction of the Combined Chiefs of Staff and would be employed primarily against Combined Bomber Offensive targets.
		A series of large-scale raids on Berlin was inaugurated chiefly for this purpose, and though the bomber losses at first were fairly heavy (the maximum was sixty-nine on one raid) enemy resistance was at last crushed, and on the final missions over the German capital enemy fighters no longer flew to the attack.
		The suggestion that any large portion of the strategic air forces should be diverted from the bomber offensive and brought under control of AEAF for tactical purposes was regarded as threatening the completion of the vital primary mission of the strategic air to defeat the Luftwaffe.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/wwii/7-4/7-4_6.HTM (12620 words)

	US Bomber Designations
		Bombers were now classified according to their size rather than their role:
		One of the categories that had been introduced in 1924 was B, which originally stood strictly for medium bombers, as distinguished from heavy bombers (HB) and light bombers (LB).
		Subsequent designs were assigned bomber designations in the sequence in which they were ordered.
	home.att.net /~jbaugher2/Bdesig.html (1767 words)

	THIRD WORLD TRAPS AND PITFALLS:
		This diversion of fighters and bombers detracted from the attacks on transportation and oil as well as from the direct support of the Allied ground forces.
		Crossbow targets accounted for 5.6 percent of the total bombing missions and 6.8 percent of the total bomb tonnage dropped in Europe during World War II.
		Medium bombers such as the B-25s, B-26s, and A-20s lacked the range to attack targets in Germany from Great Britain, and most Crossbow targets were in France.
	www.fas.org /man/eprint/story.htm (19671 words)

	USAAF Chronology: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Mission 510: 319 bombers and 158 fighters are dispatched to attack oil and supply dumps and bridges in the Paris area (number in parenthesis indicates number of bombers attacking); 2 bombers and 2 fighters are lost:
		Mission 545: 577 bombers and 436 fighters are dispatched to make visual attacks on the Metz marshalling yard and airfield in C and E France; 3 bombers and 3 fighters are lost (number in parenthesis are the number of bombers attacking the target):
		Mission 568: 1,319 bombers and 739 fighters are dispatched on visual attacks on strategic targets in Germany with some PFF on targets of opportunity; 26 bombers and 4 fighters are lost; targets are (numbers in parenthesis indicate bombers attacking):
	hometown.aol.com /jlowry3402/aug44.html (7762 words)

	Wing Commander CIC Game Guides
		Confed High Command is already planning the court-martial for the Commander --- who was released with his officers in a Crossbow bomber, and returned to Olympus Station two weeks ago.
		Epees are no match for a Crossbow, but the bomber's slow speed can make the dogfights long and tedious.
		You'll fly a Broadsword bomber on this mission, with Ralgha on your wing.
	www.wcnews.com /guides/so1rigel.shtml (786 words)

	Wing Commander technology and vehicles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By 2681 it had been almost totally retired, with the sole exception of the Heavy Plasma Cannon mounted on the Devastator heavy bomber; this weapon fired only once every two seconds but could take apart most capital ships with eight or ten well-placed shots.
		They can be hard to hit with, but since there's no tracking equipment, technicians filled the empty space with much more boom, and as a result they are always one of the most powerful missile munitions in a Confed pilot's armory.
		The vagaries of Phase Shielding technology render them sometimes useful, sometimes useless against capital ships, but against capships that can be damaged by non-torpedo attacks, Dumbfires are a bomber captain's best friend.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wing_Commander_technology_and_vehicles (2834 words)

	Normandy: A Modern Air Campaign?
		Following the invasion, there was the massive effort to move two numbered air forces to the far shore; from their improvised expeditionary airfields came important developments in the air war, such as armed reconnaissance and armored-column cover.
		The bomber generals readily recognized obligations to assist in the invasion but believed that their service to Overlord could best be accomplished via a cooperative arrangement with Eisenhower that left them freer to pursue the strategic bombing of Germany.
		Crossbow’s objective was not limited, as Spaatz declared, but central to the Anglo-American cause: securing the English homeland.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/apj03/win03/hughes.html (7793 words)

	IGN: Rise of Nations Unit Showcase III
		Nevertheless, it quickly supplanted the crossbow, which was a testimony to the perception of its value.
		All Bomber units require oil to keep them flying, so an astute player is ready with Oil Wells already at work, when he creates the first Zeppelin.
		As noted, Bomber units probably offer the best means for taking down enemy buildings, and woe betide the foe who has not invested in his fighters or anti-aircraft units and sites, once he notices airfields popping up on the other side of the map.
	pc.ign.com /articles/374/374161p1.html (1782 words)

	Operation Crossbow
		Over the next few months Arthur Harris, head of Bomber Command, arranged for over 36,000 tons of bombs were dropped on these targets.
		a Master Bomber to assess the accuracy of marking and to give instructions by radio telephone to the whole force; it will be remembered that 5 Group had used this tactic in the previous June in an attack on Friedrichshaven.
		The main force bombed target indicators dropped by the Pathfinders and were guided by route markers laid by them, but a force of Lancasters from 5 Group were to attack separately in the later stages of the attack, when there was reason to fear that the markers would be obscured by smoke.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWcrossbow.htm (1292 words)

	[1.0] Early US Target Drones
		Two Crossbows could be carried by a Boeing B-50 Superfortress bomber, while four Crossbows could be carried by a Boeing B-47 Stratojet bomber.
		Only 14 Crossbows were built before the program was cancelled in 1957, in favor of a more sophisticated system that ended up being cancelled in turn.
		Like the Crossbow, the AQM-38 had a cigar-shaped fuselage and guidance provided by an autopilot with RC backup, but it was much smaller and was powered by a solid rocket engine, with an exhaust nozzle just behind each wing.
	www.vectorsite.net /twuav_01.html (2578 words)

	Army Air Forces in World War II
		At times, Operation CROSSBOW appeared to be much more a political than a military solution to the problem of the V-weapons, a demonstration that any German terror bombardment of London would be met by a counteroffensive of some kind.
		The CROSSBOW aerial reconnaissance mandated by the War Cabinet began on December 4 and covered a swath of territory 150 miles wide southeast of London and Portsmouth.
		That bomber did not have to be so precise, could remain at high altitudes, and consequently could fulfill the mission at less risk to aircraft and crew.
	www.usaaf.net /ww2/preemptivedefense/pdpg4.htm (3478 words)

	Other Missiles & More
		Originally, the SRAM's primary mission was to improve the survivability of the SAC manned bomber force through the "neutralization of surface-to-air missile defenses." The mission was later expanded to encompass asecondary objective, the destruction of selected strategic targets.
		The Rascal was intended as a "stand off" weapon, to be launched from Strategic Air Command (SAC) bombers as far away as 100 miles, thus reducing the manned bomber crew's exposure to enemy defenses in the immediate target area.
		The Crossbow was powered by a Continental J69 gas turbine (based on the French Turbomeca MarborÃ© II) and could achieve speeds approaching Mach I. The Boeing B-47 was capable of carrying 4 GAM-67s on specially designed underwing pylons.
	www.ammsalumni.org /html/other_missiles___more.html (2359 words)

	Theater Missile Defense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Crossbow began in earnest in December 1943, and eventually included all Allied offensive and defensive V-weapon countermeasures.
		Throughout Crossbow, the British approach focused on the physical destruction of the launch sites, while the American approach was to destroy the broader V-weapons support infrastructure, focusing on production capabilities, logistical support facilities, and the electric grids supporting the launch sites.
		Crossbow offensive operations can be divided into two phases: Crossbow I, April 1943 to early June 1944; and Crossbow II, mid-June 1944 to May 1945.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/apj96/win96/kipphut.html (9582 words)

	Valor: Project Aphrodite - August 1997
		Operation Crossbow, the Allied bombing campaign against German V-weapon launching sites in northwest France, held top priority in early 1944.
		The mother ship then would fly the bomber, at an altitude of 200 to 400 feet, to the target and dive it into the steel doors.
		The war-weary bombers were given new engines and beefed-up landing gear, since they would be about 5,000 pounds over designed gross weight.
	www.afa.org /magazine/valor/0897valor.asp (943 words)

	Arbor Crossbow Snowboard - GravityDex.com
		The Arbor Crossbow snowboard is an equal threat to the backcountry, inbounds stashes and the park.
		Arbor's signature wood core and topsheet give the Crossbow the ammo to boost kickers, stomp cliff drops and slash innocent little fluffy pillows of pow.
		The Crossbow is the only weapon you'll need to launch an assault.
	www.gravitydex.com /outdoorgear/bc/Arbor-Crossbow-Snowboard.html (303 words)

	Project 44: Missions Flown by the Bond Crew
		The Bond crew was part of 56 B-17's of Force I that attacked the Eschwege Airfield.
		Co-pilot Wilbur Mason and the Engineer/Top Turret gunner Neal Clyman survived.
		Four other B-17's were shot down from the same formation and were the only Bomber losses of Operation 308.
	www.armyairforces.com /project44/missions.html (293 words)

	Empire Earth Unit FAQ - IGN FAQs
		Bombers can significantly damage or even destroy everything near their target, including their target, but they must return to refuel after 1 run.
		AIR UNITS-ATOMIC BOMBER Includes: B-29, B-52, Titan Strength: Land units, sea units, buildings Weakness: Fighter, Fighter/Bomber, Anti-air (AA) Produced At: Airport Atomic Bombers are the big daddy of Bombers.
		Each bomber only carried one bomb, so aim for heavily populated or developed areas.
	faqs.ign.com /articles/455/455267p1.html (3756 words)

	Eighth Air Force Historial Society
		STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): Mission 293: 542 bombers and 719 fighters are dispatched to aircraft factories and airfields in Germany and Poland; the bombers claim 45-8-14 Luftwaffe aircraft; 32 bombers and 10 fighters are lost; 10 bombers are damaged beyond repair.
		Mission 323: 486 bombers and 543 fighters are dispatched to bomb airfields, marshalling yards and targets of opportunity in France and Belgium; 4 bombers and 4 fighters are lost.
		Mission 345: In the afternoon, 164 bombers and 97 fighters are dispatched against targets in France and Belgium; 5 bombers are lost: 1.
	www.8thafhs.org /combat1944a.htm (16947 words)

	Valor: Double Feature - August 1996
		Crossbow, the bombing campaign against German V-1 and V-2 weapon sites, included some unique events.
		This use of unmanned weapons marked a new phase of warfare, against which there was no good active defense.
		Although Crossbow has had relatively little attention in the postwar years, it was a major Allied bombing campaign.
	www.afa.org /magazine/valor/0896valor.asp (936 words)

	Crossbow : Nostalgia
		The party members—ranging from a warrior to a wizard to a dwarf and more—could all defend themselves at times, but it was always safer to eliminate the danger before they even faced it.
		Sometimes, the path itself had to be cleared by your crossbow, firing at rocks to make bridges across molten lava, knocking out chains holding up a drawbridge, etc.
		The paths didn’t change from game to game, but neither were they clear until you’d taken them once, causing many players to take their parties in frustrating and dangerous circles before finally finding the right way into the Master of Darkness’ dungeon lair.
	www.skooldays.com /categories/arcade/ag1184.htm (433 words)

	Ogden Air Logistics Center
		On May 5, 1954, the Air Materiel Command assigned Ogden to be the prime maintenance depot for the GAM-67 “Crossbow” air-to-ground missile designed to knock out enemy radars.
		Designed to be launched from fighter aircraft into enemy bomber formations, the Genie’s nuclear warhead made near misses fatal.
		Chief of Staff Thomas D. White claimed that the missile gave bombers a flexibility that outmatched missiles launched from submarines.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/agency/oo-alc.htm (1591 words)

	HyperWar: The Army Air Forces in WWII: Vol. III--Europe: Argument to V-E Day [Chapter 4]
		Massive raids by heavy bombers of the Eighth Air Force-principally B-17's-were supplemented by almost continual attacks (weather permitting) flown by medium bombers of the Ninth and the RAF, by smaller-scale attacks at frequent intervals by heavy bombers from the Eighth, and by fighter and fighter-bomber attacks.
		Medium bombers--usually B-26's from IX Bomber Command and B-25's from British components of AEAF--most often attacked in boxes of from twelve to eighteen aircraft and from heights between 10,000 and 12,000 feet.
		Relying largely on heavy and medium bombers, the Allies inflicted Category A damage on ski sites 107 times (including repeats) between the inauguration of ski-site attacks in December 1943 and the abandonment, early in May 1944, of operations against this type of target.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/AAF/III/AAF-III-4.html (9282 words)

	Douglas B-66 Destroyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		One change for the worse was the replacement of the J57 engine by the less satisfactory J71.
		The USAF used only 72 of its 294 B-66's as bombers, because fighter-bombers were more effective and less vulnerable.
		They often escorted attack or bomber units during the Vietnam war.
	www.csd.uwo.ca /~pettypi/elevon/gustin_military/db/us/B66DESTR.html (87 words)

	Read
		As the DOD budget explains, in Afghanistan and Iraq, "many convoys and patrols are now accompanied by remote control robotic vehicles that can probe suspicious roadside objects and detonate [bombs] before they can harm U.S. troops." Meanwhile, robots in the air "pursue terrorists without putting our troops in harm's way."
		Look at the history of weapons development: catapult, crossbow, cannon, rifle, revolver, machine gun, tank, bazooka, bomber, helicopter, submarine, cruise missile.
		Every step forward consists of a physical step backward: the ability to kill your enemy with better aim at a greater distance or from a safer location.
	www.slate.com /toolbar.aspx?action=read&id=2135969 (1104 words)

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