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Topic: Croton Distributing Reservoir

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	Aqueduct
		Here a reservoir receives it and distributes it in different directions by orifices of which the discharges is known." Again he says, "it requires but little attention to perceive that this system of conducting tubes is nothing but a series of siphons open at their upper part, and communicating with each other.
		From this reservoir to the city, about 8 miles distant, cast-iron pipes are laid along or under the public roads, to convey the water to various other reservoirs at lower elevations, from which the city and its suburbs are conveniently supplied.
		Two earthen embankments were necessary to form the reservoir; the main embankment is 400 yards long and 68 feet high, and the easterly embankment 240 yards long and 50 feet high, each with a puddle wall in the centre, and pitching on the front slope in the usual way.
	www.1902-encyclopedia.com /A/AQU/aqueduct.html (10514 words)

	Croton Reservoir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Croton Aqueduct was a large, complicated water system that was engineered between 1837 and 1842 to provide New York City with a steady supply of clean water.
		Iron pipe encased in brick masonry was laid from the Croton Dam in northern Westchester County.
		Water flowed from the Receiving Reservoir to the Distributing Reservoir (also known as the Croton Reservoir), a similar fortification located on the site of what is now the New York Public Library at Fifth Avenue between 40th and 42nd streets.
	www.nyhistory.org /seneca/croton.html (470 words)

	Design Studio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Croton Aqueduct West 119th Street Gatehouse was constructed in 1894-95 by contractor Peter J. Moran for the New York City Department of Public Works, under the supervision of George W. Birdsall, chief engineer of the Croton Aqueduct.
		Two reservoirs were built in New York City, one between the present-day lines of 6th and 7th Avenues and 79th and 85th Streets, and a smaller distributing reservoir on 5th and 42nd.
		This gatehouse served the New Croton Aqueduct and was begun in 1884.
	www.arch.columbia.edu /nyparis/weblog/arch03 (2691 words)

	Bryant Park - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was named after its neighbor, the Croton Distributing Reservoir.
		The square was used for military drills during the American Civil War, and was the site of some of the New York Draft Riots of July 1863, when the Colored Orphan Asylum at Fifth Avenue and 43rd Street was burned down.
		In 1884 Reservoir Square was renamed Bryant Park, to honor the New York Evening Post editor and abolitionist William Cullen Bryant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bryant_Park (660 words)

	maps.html
		It should be noted that the New Croton aqueduct follows a similar path, but is much deeper and thus has very little effect on the surface or surface building, except in the cases of pumping stations.
		When the New Croton Aqueduct was brought online in 1890, it supplied the city with much higher-pressure water than the Old Croton Aqueduct had, as the watershed reservoir for the New Croton was at a slightly higher altitude than the old.
		South of the Receiving Reservoir at 86th street, similar underground mains carried the water to the Distributing Reservoir at 42nd and 5th Avenue.
	www.undercity.org /stories/croton/maps/maps.html (2091 words)

	NEW YORK (CITY) - LoveToKnow Article on NEW YORK (CITY)
		One of the largest of the new reservoirs within the city limits is the Jerome Park.
		The water supply for the typical New York City sky-scraper cannot be forced to the higher storeys of these buildings by the pumps of the municipal service, and such buildings must have each its own installation of engines for this purpose.
		The unsanitary conditions had already caused epidemics of yellow fever in 1795, 1798, 1822 and 1823, and the city was visited in 1832, 1834 and 1849 with epidemics of cholera in which several thousand lives were lost.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NE/NEW_YORK_CITY_.htm (15430 words)

	DEP Activates Historic Fountain In Central Park Reservoir To Commemorate 150th Anniversary Of Central Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Deep sea divers were lowered into the Reservoir to try and locate the fountain to see if it could be reactivated to follow upon the historic significance of the 1917 ceremony.
		The Central Park Reservoir was renamed the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir in 1994, after the widow of the late President John F. Kennedy and Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis.
		It served as additional storage for the nearby 35-acre Yorkville Reservoir built by the City as a distributing reservoir for the Croton water supply system, New York’s first out-of city water supply system located in Westchester County.
	www.nyc.gov /html/dep/html/press/03-41pr.html (543 words)

	Celebrating New York City's Clean Drinking Water (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Today, an amazing system of reservoirs and lakes, aqueducts, tunnels and water mains distributes about 1.3 billion gallons of water daily to nearly 9 million people.
		Another major component was the Old Croton Aqueduct, built to carry water 41 miles from the Croton River to a reservoir at what is now the Great Lawn in Central Park.
		Croton water flowed through the aqueduct, largely by gravity, and arrived in the City on July 4, 1842.
	www.nyc.gov /html/dep/html/celebrate.html (1100 words)

	Fifth Avenue - The Crest Of Murray Hill
		On the same side of the Avenue as the Croton Cottage, in the block between Forty-first and Forty-second Street, was the Rutgers Female Cottage.
		Then, on October 14, 1842, the massive Reservoir, which remained to see almost the dawn of the twentieth century, was opened with impressive ceremonies.
		The distributing reservoir of the Croton Water system, it occupied more than four acres, and was divided into two basins by a partition wall.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles08/fifth-avenue-14.shtml (2322 words)

	Gerard T. Koeppel
		Dams and reservoirs on eleven upper branches and tributaries of the river were constructed between 1866 and 1911.
		Water is collected in 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes and delivered by three gravity-fed aqueducts to storage reservoirs in Westchester and Bronx counties for distribution by city tunnels.
		The current Croton system was completed with the construction of a landmark dam on the lower Croton River (opened in 1905) and eleven other reservoirs on dammed upper branches and tributaries (1866 to 1911).
	home.earthlink.net /~gkoeppel/entries.html (2848 words)

	The Old Croton Aqueduct (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Old Croton Aqueduct ran from the Croton Reservoir to a reservoir that is now the New York Public Library and Bryant Park, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues (which, if I recall correctly, played a major role in Caleb Carr’s The Alienist).
		In fact, before it reached the distributing reservoir (at 40th-42nd Streets), there was the 55-acre Yorkville Reservoir in the center of what is now Central Park, particulary at what is now the Great Lawn and part of its northern wall remains as part of the retaining wall on the 86th Street transverse.
		The Old Croton Reservoir, or OCA, is a state park that runs from the border of the Bronx and Yonkers to the Croton Reservoir, with some breaks and diversions from the true path of the reservoir.
	www.westchestertrails.com /oca.php (605 words)

	Croton Aqueduct (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		A boat capable of carrying four persons, called the Croton Maid, was then placed in the Aqueduct to be carried down by the current, and she completed her singular voyage to the Harlaem River almost simultaneously with the first arrival of the water.
		The water was retained in that reservoir until July 2, when it was allowed to flow into the iron pipes, which conducted it to the distributing reservoir.
		The Croton work was not made for the purpose that the ancient walls of China, Rome, and London, or the modern walls of Paris, were designed.
	www.gallea.com /old_croton_aqueduct_midsection.htm (1881 words)

	A Medley of the Literary and Political
		But any sour taste this leaves is washed away by his sensitive analyses of the writer's position in society, by his rich imagining of the American past and by the grace of his prose.
		Here he is describing the Croton Distributing Reservoir once situated at 42d Street and Fifth Avenue, where the New York Public Library now stands ("The Nineteenth New York"): "You went in, climbed up a stair and came out in the sky.
		It was at the reservoir people soothed their spirits, walking arm in arm with their friends along the parapet.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/00/03/05/specials/doctorow-essays.html (781 words)

	Lossing, Benson J. The Hudson from the wilderness to the sea. (1866)
		The Croton water tanks already there, and the new one to be made, will jointly cover 150 acres.
		The reservoir covers an area of two acres, and its tank capacity is over twenty millions of gallons.
		The waters of the Croton flow from the dam to the distributing reservoir, forty miles and a half, through a covered canal, made of stone and brick, at an average depth of 21/2 feet.
	digilib.nypl.org /dynaweb/hudson/wwm9822/@Generic__BookTextView/6112 (4149 words)

	Bryant Park \| History
		In 1847, following the construction of one of the city’s most imposing edifices, the Croton Distributing Reservoir, on the present site of the New York Public Library, the city designated the former potter’s field to its west as a public park called Reservoir Square, a simple Victorian greensward.
		The reservoir itself, built in 1839-43, was a man-made lake four acres in area, surrounded by massive, fifty-foot-high, twenty-five-foot-thick granite walls designed in a vaguely Egyptian style.
		The Croton Distributing Reservoir was pulled down in the 1890s.
	www.bryantpark.org /history/reservoir-square.php (669 words)

	High Bridge
		The Croton Reservoir was also situated at a high level, so that it could supply the upper floors of city buildings.
		However, local citizens argued that since the Croton Aqueduct was the greatest public work of its time, it deserved a monumental bridge - which was advanced earlier by Douglas - worthy of its nature.
		The "High Bridge" faction lobbied successfully for the New York State Legislature to pass a law requiring the aqueduct to either pass beneath the river by means of pipes, or to be placed on a high-level structure.
	www.nycroads.com /crossings/high (1576 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply: Assessing the New York City Strategy (2000)
		Damming the Croton River The solution of the New York City water crisis ultimately required a synthesis of innovation in technology, in public administration, and in civic responsibility previously unknown in urban history.
		To meet the crisis, he proposed tapping the Croton River 40 miles north of the city to obtain a reliable supply of 20 million gallons per day (mgd) of pure upland water, a project of stunning simplicity in concept but daunting in terms of cost and engineering challenge.
		Population growth projections for the Croton watershed are likely to reflect conditions within the Kensico and West Branch watersheds that could have a significant impact on water from the Catskill/Delaware watershed.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309067774/html/45.html (7027 words)

	TrustOO: croton B2B B2C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Croton or Crotona (present-day Crotone), in the "toe" of the Italian peninsula, was an Achaean colony from c.
		at the confluence of the Croton and Hudson Rivers, the topography of...
		It was once the Croton Reservoir (officially the Croton Distributing Reservoir), once NYC's foremost water source...
	trustoo.com /croton.html (339 words)

	Croton Aqueduct signed by Samuel Farwell - New York 1839 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		This early document was issued to confirm payment of $2,115 to Samuel Farwell for work performed in section number sixty eight on the Croton Aqueduct.
		He was a resident of Utica, New York, and was known throughout the United States for fifty years as a contractor for the building of public works.
		He began work on the Erie Canal in 1825, completed contracts for the slack water navigation in Lehigh River in 1835, the Croton aqueduct in 1838, and afterward constructed the Boston waterworks.
	www.scripophily.net /scripophily/crotonaqueduct.html (759 words)

	40th Street: A New York Songline
		In 1842, the Croton Reservoir was built on the east side of the space, where the New York Public Library is now, and the remaining land became known as Reservoir Square.
		After serving as a parade ground for Union troops during the Civil War, Reservoir Square was designated a park in 1871, and was renamed in 1884 for William Cullen Bryant, poet, lawyer, New York Post editor, abolitionist and park advocate.
		This was previously the site of the Croton Distributing Reservoir, a massive tank holding water from the Croton River, completed in 1842.
	home.nyc.rr.com /jkn/nysonglines/40st.htm (2188 words)

	The New York Quiz, presented by the publishers of "The Manhattan Skyline" panoramas
		Exhibits were housed in a sprawling exposition hall of iron and glass called the Crystal Palace (pictured to the left of question 4), inspired by the building of the same name erected for London's world's fair of 1851.
		With the imposing Croton Reservoir to the east and the new elevated railway along Sixth Avenue to the west, which had begun operations in 1878, it was hardly the most sublime space in the city.
		The status of the park was such that when "the El" was pulled down in 1938 and replaced with a subway, the construction company was permitted to use Bryant Park as a storage yard for building materials and a temporary trash heap for construction debris.
	www.grandscapes.biz /ny_quiz_part2.html (2650 words)

	James Renwick
		At first he served as an engineer in the Erie railway, and then he became an assistant engineer on the Croton aqueduct, in which capacity he superintended the construction of the distributing reservoir on Fifth Avenue between Fortieth and Forty-second streets.
		Soon afterward he volunteered to furnish a plan for a fountain in Union square, which was accepted by the property owners, who had decided to erect one at their expense.
		At first he served as an engineer in the Erie railway, and then he became an assistant engineer on [he h Croton aqueduct, in which capacity he superintended the construction of the distributing reservoir on Fifth avenue between Fortieth and Forty-second streets.
	www.famousamericans.net /jamesrenwick (1925 words)

	Bryant Park biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Although part of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, Bryant Park is managed by the Bryant Park Restoration Corporation.
		Bryant Park opened in 1847 as Reservoir Square.
		In 1884 Reservoir Square was renamed Bryant Park, to honor the New York Evening Post editor William Cullen Bryant.
	bryant-park.biography.ms (233 words)

	Site Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		It was originally called Reservoir Park from the Croton Distributing Reservoir located at the site of the New York Public Library.
		The land behind the reservoir was also used as a Potter’s Field.
		From a cemetery, to a drilling field for Union soldiers, to an outdoor public library is only a small part of the metamorphosis which represents today’s Bryant Park.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~sokol/descript.html (1747 words)

	Introduction and Index to the Drawings of John B. Jervis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Watercolor drawing depicting cornice for the distributing reservoir of the Croton Aqueduct
		Line drawing depicting channels of waste weir to sewer for distributing reservoir with notations on its construction.
		349 -- Elevation of facade of distributing reservoir
	clrc.org /digital/jervis/jervisdrwing.htm (7930 words)

	Friends of the Old Croton Aqueduct
		In 1998, the Friends of the Old Croton Aqueduct, Inc. published a two-sided color map and guide of the trail that highlights its history and important sites of interest along the way.
		The Friends published a map and guide of the Aqueduct from the Yonkers-New York City line to its distributing reservoir, at the present site of the New York Public Library in Manhattan.
		The Friends invite readers to send in their comments on the new map to: C. Fahn, Friends of the Old Croton Aqueduct, Overseer’s House, 15 Walnut St., Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522, or cfahn@yahoo.com, or call 914.478.3961.
	www.aqueduct.org /foca_map.html (646 words)

	Painting the Town -- Museum of the City of New York
		As with other of his "retrospective" urban views (see plate 7), Browere probably improvised the scene some years after the 1842 event.
		New York City acquired a second major example of Egyptian or Coptic public architecture in 1842 with the construction of the Croton Distributing Reservoir at Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street, formerly known as Reservoir Square and the present-day site of the New York Public Library.
		Colt's sensational trial received extensive press coverage because of the malice of the crime and the social prominence of the perpetrator.
	www.mcny.org /collections/painting/pttcat13.htm (896 words)

	Croton : Search : AbiRing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Croton Arboretum and Sanctuary, Inc. is a volunteer, non-profit organization that provides environmental stewardship for 20+ acres of wetlands and woods at the Jane E. Lytle Memorial Arboretum in Croton-on-Hudson, NY...
		The Croton Sailing School was established in 1986...
		The Friends of the Croton Watershed is an organization devoted to improving our watershed through environmentally sound alternatives to filtration.
	www.abiring.net /s/e/q_Croton (678 words)

	Brown distributing - (Format for copying and distributing prepared statements next (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The access was unusual, and the vice president for Brown Distributing later expressed some irritation, commenting that any media inquiries normally require
		A very close issue to myself as I work in worldwide distribution.
		An initial data search was undertaken and a distribution map has been produced.
	youngerhome.com /yh/brown-distributing.html (292 words)

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