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Topic: Crowberry

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	Crowberry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Crowberry (Empetrum) is a small genus of dwarf evergreen shrubs that bear edible fruit.
		In subarctic areas, crowberry has been a vital addition to the diet of the Inuit and the Sami.
		Crowberries are also occasionally grown as ornamental plants in rockeries, notably the yellow-foliage cultivar Empetrum nigrum 'Lucia' (photo, left).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crowberry (458 words)

	Crowberry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The crowberries (Empetrum L.) are a small genus of dwarf evergreen shrub s that bear edible fruit s.
		They are commonly found in the northern hemisphere, from temperate to subarctic climates, but also grow in the Andes of South America and in Tristan da Cunha (South Atlantic Ocean).
		Crowberry produces fl fruit that is smaller, but somewhat more flavorful than the alpine bearberry, and looks similar to that of a blueberry.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Crowberry.html (425 words)

	Crowberry -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The crowberries (Empetrum L.) are a small genus of dwarf evergreen (A low woody perennial plant usually having several major branches) shrubs that bear edible (The ripened reproductive body of a seed plant) fruits.
		The typical habitat is on moorlands, (A vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between the ice cap and the tree line) tundra and muskeg, but also in (Any coniferous tree of the genus Picea) spruce forests.
		Crowberry is an evergreen mat forming shrub, with small, light green needle-like (The period of time during which you are absent from work or duty) leaves.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cr/crowberry.htm (461 words)

	Alaska magazine \| Wilderness Adventurer: Crowberry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Crowberry was a victim of the raging summer of 2004, when more than 6 million acres of Alaska burned.
		Though the wooden sign on the main trail pointing 25 yards to the Crowberry Cabin survived, a blank, white clearing is where the cabin used to be.
		Crowberry was about 30 miles from the road, so it didn’t get the wear and tear of the closer cabins people use for day trips.
	www.alaskamagazine.com /stories/0705/adventurer.shtml (1065 words)

	Botanical and ecological characteristics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Black crowberry is tolerant of a wide range of soil moisture conditions, but is intolerant of prolonged water logging, and on wet sites it is found in better drained areas [5].
		Site characteristics influence fl crowberry morphology: on sites with high wind exposure, fl crowberry is branched and prostrate; on wet sites it is sparsely branched and has long annual growth increments; on dry sites it has branching shoots and is bushy [5].
		Black crowberry establishes itself on mineral soils and stagnant surfaces that are nutrient enriched [7] but is also classified as an indicator of nitrogen-poor soils [22].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/shrub/empnig/botanical_and_ecological_characteristics.html (466 words)

	Crowberry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Crowberry produces fl fruit that is smaller, but somewhat more flavorful than the alpine bearberry, and looks similarto that of a blueberry.
		In subarctic areas, crowberry has been a vital addition to the diet of the Inuit andthe Sami.
		After waning popularity due to its almost complete lack of flavour and drytexture, the crowberry is regaining its reputation as an edible berry.
	www.therfcc.org /crowberry-72969.html (371 words)

	Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago - Empetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum (Lange ex Hagerup) Böcher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In Alaska, large numbers of crowberries were picked in late summer and stored in seal oil for use in fall and winter (Ager and Ager 1980).
		Porsild (1950) stated that because of its abundance and hardiness, the crowberry, although not as well-flavoured as some other berries, is easily the most important fruit in Arctic regions.
		Esters of hydroxy acids, which are most important and characteristic of bilberries were totally absent which explains the very mild aroma of crowberry that is otherwise similar to that of blueberries.
	www.mun.ca /biology/delta/arcticf/_ca/www/ememni.htm (2040 words)

	Crowberry Schnapps - Recipe
		Crowberry schnapps - based on fresh, wild fl crowberries - is one of the finest berry schnappses you can make.
		Suggestion: Blend equal parts crowberry schnapps and sweet gale schnapps and store it for 3 months or more in a dark place at room temperature.
		Some prefer the young, fruity taste - while others prefer their crowberry schnapps after some storage, when it has a much stronger aroma and taste of berries.
	www.danish-schnapps-recipes.com /crowberry.html (364 words)

	Crowberries
		Crowberry is a low, heath-like shrub with needle-like evergreen leaves.
		Crowberry encircles the Arctic, extending as far south as the mountains of central Asia.
		Crowberries usually are found in the company of members of the heath family (Ericaceae); heathers, lingonberries, blueberries or Labrador tea.
	www.nps.gov /bela/html/crowbery.htm (367 words)

	The Dark Tickle Company - Crowberry Information
		The crowberry, known in Newfoundland as a flberry, is similar in appearance to a fl partridgeberry or blueberry.
		It is a light green, mat forming shrub which grows in areas similar to that of the partridgeberry.
		Crowberries are extremely high in vitamin C, approximately twice that of blueberries.
	www.darktickle.com /crowberryinfo.aspx (115 words)

	CROWBERRY FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There are two species of crowberry, ''E. nigrum'' (Crowberry) and ''E. eamesii'' (Rockberry).
		Both are evergreen mat forming shrubs, with small, light green needle-like leaves 3-10 mm long.
		Crowberries are also occasionally grown as ornamental_plants in rockeries, notably the yellow-foliage cultivar ''Empetrum nigrum'' 'Lucia' (photo, left).
	www.factagent.com /?req=/crowberry (449 words)

	Crowberry Family (Empetraceae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bearing sweet and juicy, purplish-fl berries, the crowberry is a favoured food among the Inuit.
		The crowberry is circumpolar in distribution, with a range that extends into the High Arctic islands.
		In response to this assault, the crowberry bushes increase their production of tissue toxins, which, in turn, causes a mass lemming die-off.
	www.arctic.uoguelph.ca /cpl/organisms/plants/Terrestrial/crowberry.htm (175 words)

	Species:
		Black crowberry seeds are a major component of the red-backed vole's fall diet [51].
		Occurrence of fl crowberry fruits in bear scat samples increased from 5.9 percent in early spring to 12.9 percent by late summer [26].
		Black crowberry could not be established by seed on test plots in simulated pipeline trenches near Fort Norman, Northwest Territories [29].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/shrub/empnig/all.html (2371 words)

	Dark Peak fieldwork - Vegetation
		Is bog dominated by dwarf shrubs such as heather, bilberry or crowberry, or Hair-tail cotton grass.
		They are the often the exclusive species in upland "mosses" (the local term for cottongrass moors), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) occurring in the drier areas and wavy-hair grass (Deschampsia flexuosa) on drier tussocks.
		The occurrence of bilberry is often a sign of blanket peat degradation as it prefers drier, thinner peats at the moorland edge or the sides of gullies.
	www.art.man.ac.uk /Geog/fieldwork/vegetation.htm (721 words)

	Naismith's Route climbing guide
		This is route number 1 on the Buachaille Etive Mor- Crowberry Ridge mountain.
		Below the chimney, or at the right end of the First Platform near Crowberry Gully, on the left-hand side of a 15m pinnacle (which is not obvious from below).
		Continue to the summit as for Curved Ridge and descend as for that route.
	www.sportextreme.com /phclro14500 (114 words)

	AllRefer.com - crowberry, Plant (Plants) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Plants > crowberry
		crowberry, evergreen alpine and arctic shrub of the genus Empetrum (or, sometimes, other related species), bearing fl, red, or purple berrylike fruits.
		Crowberry is classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Ericales, family Empetraceae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/crowberr.html (127 words)

	Kaempferol : by Ray Sahelian, M.Dh
		Quercetin was found in all berries, the contents being highest in bog whortleberry (158 mg/kg, fresh weight), lingonberry (74 and 146 mg/kg), cranberry (83 and 121 mg/kg), chokeberry (89 mg/kg), sweet rowan (85 mg/kg), rowanberry (63 mg/kg), sea buckthorn berry (62 mg/kg), and crowberry (53 and 56 mg/kg).
		Amounts between 14 and 142 mg/kg of myricetin were detected in cranberry, fl currant, crowberry, bog whortleberry, blueberries, and bilberry.
		Total contents of these flavonols (100-263 mg/kg) in cranberry, bog whortleberry, lingonberry, fl currant, and crowberry were higher than those in the commonly consumed fruits or vegetables, except for onion, kale, and broccoli.
	www.raysahelian.com /kaempferol.html (426 words)

	Crowberry or black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Crowberry grows on dry forest soil, pine swamps and mountains between July and September.
		Nowadays juice and jam producers use crowberry as extender of blueberry and also as a colouring agent.
		Crowberry has vitamin C almost twice as much as blueberry
	www.ascentia.fi /marjamaakunnat/crowberr.htm (61 words)

	Glencoe: Buchaille Etive Mor - Curved Ridge
		The curving ridge that passes underneath the face of Rannoch Wall is a hard scramble (M) or an easy rock-climb depending on how you look at it but is climbable on all weathers and make an excellent alternative route to the summit.
		Curved Ridge is also the descent route from the summit to Rannoch Wall (via Crowberry Gap).
		You can now either follow the red scree path to the summit or circle around behind the sheer face of Crowberry Tower and ascent to its summit by an easy scramble (worthwhile).
	www.scotclimb.org.uk /bem_curvedridge.shtml (621 words)

	Mensa - Rambling & Mountaineering SIG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We found it without difficulties but our confidence was continually being shaken by other parties asking us the way and then asking if we were really, really sure this wasn’t Crowberry Tower, the complete ascent of which goes at V Diff, Severe or E3, depending on who was telling us.
		While no individual move is horribly exposed, the view down the crag becomes dramatic as height is gained, and there is ample opportunity to observe the climbers at play on Crowberry Tower and other big walls.
		The continuation scramble from the top of Curved Ridge onto Crowberry Tower looked tempting, but we were anxious to get to Stob na Broige, the newly-promoted Munro at the far end of the Buchaille and perhaps even to pick up the new one on Buchaille Etive Beg.
	www.almac.co.uk /personal/dbolton/ramsig/glencoe2.htm (701 words)

	CrowBerry
		Artic Crowberries have approximately 13% more antioxidants than Blueberries and approx.
		Several substances in Crowberries and Blueberries, including the pigment that gives them their colour, act as antioxidants that may play a role in preventing disease and slowing the aging processes in the body and the brain.
		Everybody who is using a mobile telephone daily should drink juice from Artic Crowberries to eliminate heavy metals and de-charge and neutralize dangerous electrically - charged ions in the body.
	www.sjaman.net /CrowBerry.htm (199 words)

	Mycorrhizal Citations
		Empetrum leaves and litter have high phenolic content resulting in slow decomposition, and with the formation of an organic top soil, nutrients are kept in an organic nutrient bank in the soil mainly available for plants with ericoid mycorrhiza.
		Crowberry as an organism is resistant to atmospheric pollution and may even increase in vigor by high atmospheric N deposition in nemoral coastal heaths, but is very sensitive to mechanical disturbances and fire.
		However, there are indications that the closed nutrient cycle established when Empetrum is dominant may be disturbed after airborne inputs of inorganic N.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/latest00/00_5tybir1.htm (172 words)

	Ethnobotany - Empetrum nigrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Low, exposed coastal heathlands and bogs; rocky mountian slopes, subalpine parkland, and alpine tundra; dry to wet sites, sea level to alpine.
		Crowberries ripen in August, but remain on the plants through the winter, and are available fresh or frozen into the early spring, and could be gathered even from under the snow.
		They are said to "contain lots of water" and have been used to slake the thirst of folks on the mountain slopes when no water was available.
	www.wsdot.wa.gov /environment/culres/ethbot/d-l/Empetrum.htm (199 words)

	Bog blueberry - Dwarf birch - Tufted hairgrass
		A similar crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) community with bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) is frequently described (Hultén, 1960, in Viereck, et.
		, (1999) and Shephard (1995) describe a bog blueberry - crowberry type which includes a significant tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa) component.
		Crowberry is present at woodland densities, as is tufted hairgrass (at one site replaced by Bering’s tufted hairgrass, (Deschampsia beringensis)).
	www.kenaiwetlands.net /communityDescriptions/VaulBenaDeca18.htm (350 words)

	Sierra Club Ecomap
		Crowberry is found across BC from sea level to alpine, but especially in rocky and exposed bogs, open areas and tundra.
		Crowberry spreads sometimes by seed, but most commonly by underground roots.
		The purple flowers open in the spring, and ripen into fl-purple berries.
	www.sierraclub.ca /bc/programs/education/ecomap/northern_boreal_mountains/2crowberry.html (123 words)

	Crowberry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Crowberry Empetrum nigrum is rather like heather in its growth form and crowded needle-like leaves.
		Its tiny flowers grow in the leaf axils and each has three pinkish petal-like sepals and three stamens.
		There are fewer than 10 species in the small Crowberry Family (Empetraceae).
	www.alientravelguide.com /science/biology/life/plants/tracheo/spermops/angiospe/dicotyle/ericales/crowberr.htm (80 words)

	Nearctica - Eastern Wildflowers - Empetraceae - Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum)
		Nearctica - Eastern Wildflowers - Empetraceae - Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum)
		Distribution: Found throughout arctic North America southward to Minnesota and eastward to New England and New York.
		Habitat: Crowberry is found in open areas rich is peat.
	www.nearctica.com /flowers/dtoh/Enigrum.htm (88 words)

	Glencoe: Buchaille Etive Mor - East Face
		Crowberry Ridge Rannoch Wall North Butress Slime Wall Curved Ridge Hillwalking
		It is the vertical face between Curved Ridge and Crowberry Ridge.
		To the right of Crowberry Ridge lies the East Face.
	www.scotclimb.org.uk /bem_eastface.shtml (182 words)

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