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Topic: Crowd psychology

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	Crowd psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social scientists have developed several different theories for explaining crowd psychology, and the ways in which the psychology of the crowd differs significantly from the psychology of those individuals within it.
		Crowds begin as collectivities, acting, and protest crowds – norms may be vague and changing as when, say, one person at a rock concert holds up a lit cigarette lighter to signal praise for the performers, and other follow suit.
		Crowd behavior reflects the desires of participants, but it is also guided by norms that emerge as the situation unfolds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crowd_psychology (641 words)

	Crowd psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Crowd psychology characterises the group dynamics of a large group (or "crowd").
		Negatively construed as a "mob", positively seen as the expression of popular democracy, crowds have a reputation for fickle, often irrational and potentially violent behaviour.
		Department of Psychology, University of Otago Research strengths lie in the general areas of applied psychology, behavioural neuroscience, clinical psychology, cognition, comparitive psychology, developmental psychology, neuropsychology, perception, and social psychology.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Crowd_psychology.html (319 words)

	Encyclopedia: Crowd psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Psychology (Classical Greek: psyche = soul or mind, logos = study of) is an academic and applied field involving the study of behavior, mind and thought and the neurological bases of behavior.
		Convergence theory claims that crowd behavior is not irrational; rather, people in crowds express existing beliefs and values.
		In psychology collective hysteria (also referred to as mass hysteria) is the name given to a phenomenon of the manifestation of the same hysterical symptoms by more than one person.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Crowd-psychology (998 words)

	The Behavior of Crowds: How Crowds Are Formed
		The crowd, therefore, since it was regarded as an affair of the emotions, was held to be one among many instances of the natural mental inferiority of the common people, and a proof of their general unfitness for self-government.
		The term "unconscious" in the psychology of the crowd does not, of course, imply that the people in the crowd are not aware of the fact that they are lynching a negro or demanding the humiliation or extermination of certain of their fellows.
		From the standpoint of psychology, the crowd, as the term is here defined, is not merely a group of people, it is the appearance within such a group of a special mental condition, or crowd-mind.
	www.geocities.com /danielmacryan/bcrowds2.html (7109 words)

	The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind
		A crowd which slowly slaughters a defenceless victim displays a very cowardly ferocity; but for the philosopher this ferocity is very closely related to that of the huntsmen who gather in dozens for the pleasure of taking part in the pursuit and killing of a luckless stag by their hounds.
		Crowds are to some extent in the position of the sleeper whose reason, suspended for the time being, allows the arousing in his mind of images of extreme intensity which would quickly be dissipated could they be submitted to the action of reflection.
		Crowds will hear no more of the words divinity and religion, in whose name they were so long enslaved; but they have never possessed so many fetishes as in the last hundred years, and the old divinities have never had so many statues and altars raised in their honour.
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id=BonCrow&images=images/modeng&data=/lv1/Archive/eng-parsed&tag=public (19595 words)

	Crowds, Psychology, and Politics, 1871—1899:0521404185:Jaap van Ginneken:eCampus.com
		Examining the work of five social scientists in the late nineteenth century, Jaap van Ginneken traces the history of crowd psychology from its inception to the work of the French physician Le Bon--widely considered to be the founder of the field--just before the turn of the century.
		Crowds, psychology, and politics, 1871-1899 also brings together the important events of the nineteenth century and the work being done on crowd psychology, examining the effects that events, such as the Paris Commune revolt and the Dreyfus affair, had on the founders of crowd psychology.
		The inability of crowd psychology to establish itself as an academic discipline resulted from its multidisciplinary approach toward popularevents, although the work of Le Bon remained influential with twentieth-century politicians ranging from Theodore Roosevelt to Adolf Hitler.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=0521404185 (282 words)

	Charisma, Crowd Psychology and Altered States of Consciousness
		The crowd psychologists thus come to the pessimistic conclusion that the group's devotion has "never been bestowed on easy-going masters, but on the tyrants who vigorously oppressed them" in order to serve their own driven obsessions (Le Bon 1952: 54).
		Crowd psychology therefore unites Durkheim and Weber by placing an ecstatic and convulsive charismatic at the center of a receptive group.
		In so demonizing the altered states of charisma and group participation, crowd psychology prefigures the modern attitude, though unlike modern writers, the crowd psychologists retained a fearful appreciation of the potency of group consciousness.
	www.bu.edu /anthrop/faculty/lindholm/ASCCharisma.html (6818 words)

	Community psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is the study of how to use the principles of psychology to create communities of all sizes that promote mental health of their members.
		Any non-biological mental illness can either be caused by or aggravated by a mismatch between a person's personality and the community environment in which he or she exists.
		See Community Psychology: In Pursuit of Well-Being and Liberation edited by Nelson and Prilleltensky (in press, New York: Palgrave Macmillan) for further definitions and fields of work.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Community_psychology (197 words)

	Psychology of Suggestion, Chap. 27
		When the preacher, the politician, the stump orator, the ringleader, the hero gains the ear of the crowd, an ominous silence sets in, a silence frequently characterized as "awful." The crowd is in a state of overstrained expectation; with suspended breath it watches the hero or the interesting, all-absorbing object.
		In the entranced crowd, in the mob, everyone influences and is influenced in his turn; every one suggests and is suggested to, and the surging billow of suggestion swells and rises until it reaches a formidable height.
		In the entranced crowd, in the mob, social consciousness is disaggregated, thus exposing to the direct influence of the environment the reflex consciousness of the social subwaking self.
	www.sidis.net /ps27.htm (2816 words)

	QM 3 Paper
		The crowd acts as the vital insert which draws the two discourses back together and allows the circuitry of meaning to be closed.
		Dutton (forthcoming) goes on to argue that this construction of the crowd as "undesirable" has been perpetuated in even the most recent crowd theory, although this bias is now hidden under a veneer of liberalism.
		Indeed at the undesirable pole we see the crowd being 'an unruly mob', composed of 'hordes of criminals and troublemakers' enjoying 'gatecrashing', 'drinking', 'mugging', 'committing crimes', and 'assaulting people', to the extent that it is 'laying seige to the beachfront'.
	www.criticalmethods.org /sebast.htm (2071 words)

	Crowd surfing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Since then crowd surfing is illegal at most festivals and concerts in Europe.
		crowd crowd daddy surfing anonymous surfing surfing pictures privacy surfing noosa surfing newquay surfing surfing school surfing chagos islands surfing message board
		Crowd surfing, stage diving and how to get the best spot in the pit.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Crowd_surfing.html (322 words)

	Dr John Drury
		Crowd events are a locus of both psychological determination and transformation.
		I have carried out research on processes of crowd conflict and change in relation to anti-poll tax protests, anti-roads direct actions and football crowds.
		Crowd research also suggests that minorities or deviants within an ingroup might come to be regarded as prototypical, and hence influential, over the course of an intergroup dynamic.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /psychology/profile92858.html (541 words)

	CANTERBURY FINANCIAL GROUP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Crowd psychology occurs at extreme valuations of the market, both high and low.
		The truth is, the crowd tends to be correct in the middle part of a trend but wrong at the major turning points, which is where much of the money is made or lost..
		Rather than listening to crowd psychology and constantly changing their investment policies, smart investors use a rules-based process for managing their money, a system that helps limit emotional reactions to major events.
	www.canterburygroup.com /articles/crowdiswrong.html (848 words)

	The Madness Of Crowds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Regardless of the style of analysis or system employed by a trader, one primary aim of his or her trading endeavors is to understand the degree of control held by the bulls or bears at any given time, and to predict who should hold power in the near to distant future.
		The key to such widespread phenomena lies in the nature of the crowd: the way in which a collection of usually calm, rational individuals can be overwhelmed by such emotion when it appears their peers are behaving in a certain universal manner.
		Inevitably, there will be a time when the crowd's behavior will diverge from the direction suggested by the trader's analytical system, and this is the precise time at which the trader must put on the brakes and exit his position.
	www.investopedia.com /articles/trading/04/011404.asp (1273 words)

	Psychology of Collective Action (C8817) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The course has four aims: First, to understand the context within which psychological theories of crowd behaviour first emerged, and hence to understand the historical and social determinants of psychological models of the crowd.
		The third aim is to examine actual examples of crowd actions and hence to consider the criteria for an adequate crowd psychology.
		Demonstrate a knowledge of the historical and social context of the emergence of psychological theories of the crowd.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /psychology/C8817.html (256 words)

	Jager, Popping and van de Sande: Clustering and Fighting in Two-party Crowds
		The behaviour of people in crowd situations is a fascinating subject: crowds can be very calm but also rise to frenzy, they can lead to joy but also to sorrow, they can form a great subject for conversation but also for serious study.
		Most writers in the field of mass- or crowd- psychology agree that the most discriminating property of crowd situations is that normal cultural rules, norms and organisation forms cease to be applicable (e.g.
		The spatial crowd simulations that have been developed are usually based on identical actors that are stable with respect to their behavioural rules.
	jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk /4/3/7.html (7989 words)

	[No title]
		The importance of the new psychology is that it acknowledges man as the centre and shaper of his universe.
		The old psychology was based on the isolated individual as the unit, on the assumption that a man thinks, feels and judges independently.
		Early psychology was based solely on the study of the individual; early sociology was based on the study of society.
	sunsite.utk.edu /FINS/Mary_Parker_Follett/I.txt (1321 words)

	Powell's Books - The Crowd by Le Bon
		Whoever can supply them with illusions is easily their master; whoever attempts to destroy their illusions is always their victim." Though its focus is on crowd psychology, the book is also brilliantly instructive on the effects of the generally accepted beliefs of a nation's citizens on the processes of history.
		The Crowd is a must-read volume not only for every student of history, sociology, law, and psychology, but for every politician, statesman, investor, and marketing manager.
		Insightful for its apprehension of the primitive nature of crowds, Le Bon's treatise on crowd psychology was influential to Freud, Hitler, and Mussolini.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=65-0486419568-2 (258 words)

	CROWD PSYCHOLOGY AND IDEOLOGY:
		The danger, short of total destruction, would come in the form of crowds and mobs which have lost their differentiation and are ready to follow in any brutish impulse without guilt.
		Gloomy as his diagnoses are, he does mention that collective activities are responsible for some of the most admirable works of man. Rather than repeat his ideas, I shall attend to other features of group life along with the resulting ideologies -- and their contemporary breakdowns.
		Freud made only elliptical remarks later about be "individual" psychology of leaders -- although he did once claim that to be one was one of the few routes to happiness.
	www.analysis.com /vs/vs87c.html (4515 words)

	Inside Pulse v2 .::. The Psychology of The Beautiful Thing: Late Edition
		As we saw last week, psychology may be found in any aspect of wrestling that draws the viewer in, involves them emotionally, and helps them suspend their disbelief; and also in the way that a match is structured.
		Psychology for me is something the some matches have that allows me to continually go back and enjoy it because there's something interesting going on.
		Psychology is the art of wrestling, and in our case, often let us forget that we are watching a choreographed, fake fight.
	www.insidepulse.com /article.php?contentid=34902 (2012 words)

	Crowd Psychology
		Wonderful opportunities await the nimble and cognizant trader in such situations for crowd psychology suggests that most people are more comfortable doing what the crowd does regardless of whether it is wise or not as there is this inherent strength in numbers.
		In general though, we are simply observing the most pronounced effect of crowd psychology to general market.
		The fact that buyers tend to buy higher and sellers sell lower is a result of crowd psychology and the desire to follow the leader rather than to lead.
	www.tatoday.com /Book/CrowdPsychology.htm (2067 words)

	CROWD/ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The crowd: A study of the popular mind, 1968 2nd edition reprint.
		301.182 LEBO Martin, E.D. The behavior of crowds.
		Sullivan, T. The "critical mass" in crowd behaviour; crowd size, contagion and the evolution of riots, Humbolt Journal of Social Relations, 4(2), 6-59.
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/psychology/psy400w/crowd.html (556 words)

	Inside Pulse v2 .::. The Psychology of The Beautiful Thing: Part IV
		The crowd usually gives them an appreciative round of applause, but rarely does it contribute anything to the story of the match.
		Psychology is the intangible that makes me buy tickets to wrestling, and what makes me believe that this stuff is real- at least while I'm watching it.
		Psychology is something that if you notice it, it's not working.
	www.insidepulse.com /article.php?contentid=35146 (1917 words)

	The Psychology of Shopping - 140305
		How crowds behave is a fascinating area of research and a degree of understanding of this area can help inform organisations such as IKEA, when they are planning a store opening or other event.
		Crowds show a lack of front-to-back communication, with people in the rear often pushing forward to the cost of those in front
		It is also clear that the potential for injuries and deaths is present wherever crowds reach critical density and are poorly managed.
	www.bized.ac.uk /current/leisure/2004_5/140305.htm (2620 words)

	Trade2Win Boards - Crowd psychology
		The psychology of this says that it is bad to be wrong, creates bad feelings and so we dont like to accept it when we are.
		It's possible to explain the workings of crowd theory, but as no two situations are the same, I think realistically, the only way to acquire these skills is through experience.
		However, if the crowd is the largest volume, then the crowd is usually right, because in this case the crowd consists of the big boys (institutions).
	www.trade2win.com /boards/showthread.php?t=5449 (1327 words)

	Trading With Crowd Psychology (Wiley Trading): Current Amazon U.S.A. One-Edition Data
		the title of this book should read: 'the mindset of shareholders in a range bound stock'; in his conclusion, the author wrote,"using an understanding of crowd psychology to enchance trading is actually the subject for a whole new book".
		But, if you have a desire to really understand crowd psychology in the stock market this is absolutely a book to read.
		If you want strict advice how to trade this may not be the right book for you, but if you realize that understanding crowd psychology will help you to be a better trader you should absolutely read this book.
	www.newyorkwebhosting.us /stuff-0471387746.html (2521 words)

	Determining Balance Points In Crowd Psychology - June 2000
		But if these people were exposed to an apparent external threat and impending pressure, a sense of anxiety and insecurity would arise, which would in turn influence most of those people to act more emotionally and make them behave as a crowd instead of independent-minded individuals.
		As Tony Plummer points out in Forecasting Financial Markets, two important conclusions can be drawn from the study of crowd psychology: first, a crowd is something other than the mathematical sum of its parts, and second, the behavior of the individual changes when he or she is in a crowd.
		Three conditions must be fulfilled in order for an individual to belong to a group, and these same conditions must be established in the financial markets for crowd behavior to rule.
	www.traders.com /Documentation/FEEDbk_docs/Archive/062000/Abstracts_new/Gyllenram/Gyllenram.html (589 words)

	Advanced Books
		In short, The Psychology of Technical Analysis is the bible for traders who want to understand the dynamics of crowd behavior and the financial markets, and who want to capitalize on those rare moves where really big profits can be made.
		Gustave LeBon's The Crowd is not only a classic, but one of the best-selling scientific books in social psychology and collective behavior ever written.
		He presents crowd behavior as a problem of science and power, a natural phenomenon with practical implications.
	www.trade-prospector.com /books/Advanced.htm (2317 words)

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