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Topic: Crowd simulation

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	Crowd Dynamics Ltd - Advantages and disadvantages of computer simulation
		Building a crowd simulation is a complex exercise in applied modelling and it is important that the modeller understands the differences between a simulation, an animation and a model.
		Show, by simulation, that the model is capable of generating the observed behaviour (as an emergent phenomenon).
		The simulation process must be conducted for many periods in order to establish the long-run averages for the decision alternatives or other changes in the system.
	www.crowddynamics.com /Main/Simulations.htm (1847 words)

	Jager, Popping and van de Sande: Clustering and Fighting in Two-party Crowds
		The spatial crowd simulations that have been developed are usually based on identical actors that are stable with respect to their behavioural rules.
		Conclusions for the Multi-agent Simulation of Crowd Behaviour
		Especially when the simulation model and the empirical data are matching on some critical macro-level variables (e.g., number of agents, number of parties and symmetrical distribution), it may become possible to test various rules at the micro level by comparing the resulting macro level dynamics against empirical data.
	jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk /4/3/7.html (7989 words)

	Weblog
		A weblog which tries to understand simulation: what it means to different disciplines, how and why it is done, how the skills and technologies involved can be best used to everyone's advantage, and how it may shape our 'real' world.
		I read Cliffski's Mumblings regularly because Cliff is a good example of a solitary developer struggling against the giants like EA and Ubisoft, and successfully carving a niche for himself, by making games that people enjoy even if they don't have 2 million lines of code.
		Having just come back from a short visit to Saudi Arabia, I was intrigued by a simulation of crowd movements in Mecca during the Haj, conducted with software from the Swiss company Savannah Simulations.
	www.simulation.cc /weblog.php (378 words)

	Crowd Control Simulation in Java Based Environment
		Crowd control can be applied to many different areas, such as police operations [10], shopping center design, public park re-organization [5], rail station re-engineering [3] and epidemic diffusion.
		Particle dynamics: In this approach, each entity in the crowd is represented as a single particle interacting with the other particles by some predetermined attraction/reaction and collisions [6] rules.
		Unfortunately, analyzing crowd behavior using particle dynamics in a complex environment such as a large stadium (where the combination of the size of the crowd and the interactions of individuals entities in the crowd are computationally expensive) is still difficult.
	st.itim.unige.it /itim/websim1999_museum/w424.html (2964 words)

	Crowd Simulation Framework (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Crowd Simulation Framework is a Diploma Project of the University of Applied Sciences Biel/Bienne (CH).
		A Massive Crowd Simulation is a computer simulation of a crowd of agents.
		The user of the Crowd Simulation Framework has always to remember that a simulation is only an approximation of the reality.
	www.knube.org /~csf (404 words)

	Project-Team-siames (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Crowd simulation is an emergent problem nowadays, because of a growing interest on behalf of industries and certain organisations.
		We propose, in our model, to simulate crowd motion by association of a multitude of individual behaviours, and to analyze results in order to extrapolate a levels of services classification.
		That is made possible thanks to a tool for crowd simulation allowing data extrapolation which will then be synthesized in levels of services.
	www.inria.fr /rapportsactivite/RA2004/siames2004/uid131.html (691 words)

	www.ai-implant.com - Whitepapers
		Crowds of non-combatants play a large and increasingly recognized role in modern military operations, and often create substantial difficulties for the combatant forces involved.
		To address this problem we are developing a crowd simulation capable of generating crowds of non-combatant civilians that exhibit a variety of realistic individual and group behaviors at differing levels of fidelity.
		The crowd simulation is interoperable with existing military simulations using a standard distributed simulation architecture.
	www.ai-implant.com /whitepapers/aiimplant (476 words)

	NewTek Discussions - AI crowd simulation
		AI crowd simulation is by fare the most important feature.
		Crowd simulation is the future, check AI implaint or XSI behaviour or massive.
		Lightware 8 needs crowd simulation, and the reported advanced character and game tools..
	www.newtek.com /forums/printthread.php?t=5514 (523 words)

	Crowd Simulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Crowd simulation for virtual environments offers many challenges centered on the trade-offs between rich behavior, control and computational cost.
		In this paper we present a new approach to controlling the behavior of agents in a crowd.
		Our method is scalable in the sense that increasingly complex crowd behaviors can be created without a corresponding increase in the complexity of the agents.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /graphics/Gallery/Crowds (154 words)

	WinterSports2002.com - Olympic venue crowd simulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		SLOC is using a computer simulation company based in Utah to try to figure it all out, to keep those lines moving.
		This is the first time computer simulation has been used in planning for Olympic events.
		Jeff Leavy/Pro Model Corp: "What we did is ran our simulation and varied the time and made each individual going through the queue at different times and then we looked over a space of time for what the average time would be and that would accurately represent pretty much real life."
	deseretnews.com /oly/view/print/0,4060,65000189,00.html (450 words)

	IBM shows Cell support in Rapidmind (+ crowd simulation on Cell with..chickens!) - Beyond3D Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They claim the "basic algorithm" for the crowd simulation stuff was written in a day (whatever the "basic algorithm" means).
		The behaviour was being simulated on a dual-Cell blade, a client was rendering the scene with a GPU.
		The single field you see in the video or the photo was one of four that the blade is simulating at one time (presumably each has circa 4,000 chickens).
	www.beyond3d.com /forum/showthread.php?t=29466 (1241 words)

	Crowd Simulation
		The first line is a comment, the second line, "#60 40" is the size of the environment in "simulation units." The rest of the document contains N sections, separated by spaces, one for each of the N characters in the simulation.
		The animations in our simulation are collected into a file called crowdanims.ukx, and all the animations are numbered consistently with what the sim files request.
		The original simulation assumes that everything happens on the XY plane, but the environment's floor may be offset from this.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /graphics/Gallery/Crowds/UsingAndCreating.htm (1799 words)

	DESCRIPTION FOR THE EGRESS SIMULATION PROTOTYPE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We design and implement this prototype following the multi-agent simulation paradigm - each human is modeled as an independent agent equipped with sensors, mind (i.e., decision-making rules), and actuators (i.e., the faculties of being able to walk, run, stop, side-shift and turn).
		Finally, based on their own assumptions about a crowd, users are able to simulate the movement of a crowd under the influence of a certain type or a combination of different types of behaviors, such as random, competitive, queuing or herding behaviors.
		The Crowd Dialog appears next to the Visualizer when the system starts, and it provides a set of functions that allow users to interact with the simulation in real time.
	www.stanford.edu /~xpan/thesis/Version_1_0.htm (1038 words)

	pedsim - a pedestrian crowd simulation
		Note that the simulation presented here is very similar to the one used in our academical project, but was basically rewritten from scratch.
		The simulation core takes care of the physical aspects of the system, such as interaction of the agents with the environment or with each other.
		The project uses simulated people (agents) who ''see'' the landscape as surrogates for real people, in order to test their reactions against the simulated scenarios.
	pedsim.silmaril.org (827 words)

	Crowd Simulation - AMBIENTAL Technical Solutions
		As a result of an international collaboration between AMBIENTAL and leading experts in the field of agent-based modelling and crowd simulation, we are now able to offer services in the field of crowd dynamic modelling.
		Crowd simulation for optimising evacuation routes from (underground) train stations
		To see how we can provide leading edge crowd simulations for you and your clients, please contact us.
	www.ambiental.co.uk /html/services/crowdSimulation.html (109 words)

	Sheep Crowd Simulation
		A certain kind of behaviour can be moved through the audience by shifting a defined object over the areas that should be affected.
		The behaviour of the crowd can be displayed in realtime at any time in terms of skeleton wireframes.
		As each character has its own physique and idiosyncratic body movements, a shotbased simulation of cloth for 15.000 characters would result in tremendous time for simulation.
	www.scanline.de /_r_d/Sheep.htm (557 words)

	A New Crowd Simulation Method by Using Multiagent on Cellular Automata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In this paper, we describe a new simulation method of crowd behavior,method that uses a two-layer model that consists of multiagent (MA) framework and cellular automata (CA).
		In particular, the case of collision of counter crowd was minutely examined.
		By using two-layer model, it has been realized to be able to simulate various patterns of combination of multiagent property and environmental structure.
	www.alife.org /alife8/abstracts/sub125 (181 words)

	Scalable Behaviors for Crowd Simulation (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Abstract: Crowd simulation for virtual environments offers many challenges centered on the trade-offs between rich behavior, control and computational cost.
		Our approach is also more authorable; users can dynamically specify which crowd behaviors happen in...
		1 From crowd simulation to airbag deploymentparticle system (context) - crowd, airbag et al.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /639252.html (534 words)

	Crowd Simulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In order to simulate the crowd at the Park Street T Station, Green Line Platform, each of the people would need to be represented as a "boid" with the following behaviors:
		Forward perception of benches, pillars, open areas, train, train doors, and estimates of crowd size outside and inside of train doors.
		When the train comes to a stop select the door to enter based on distance and crowds inside and outside the door.
	web.media.mit.edu /~bickmore/MAS963/Assign5/part1.html (359 words)

	crowd simulation - od[forum]
		The crowd simulation in LotR was done via a custom program, Massive, that operated via a special artificial intelligence network system (applied to all character entities).
		Though, you can achieve realistic crowd simulation in different ways.
		I'm pretty sure I saw a presentation where Rythm and Hues talked about animating crowds of mice for cats and dogs using houdini.
	www.odforce.net /forum/index.php?showtopic=122 (891 words)

	Tutorial 8: Working with Crowd Animation
		This tutorial covers a range of techniques used with character studio's crowd animation features for creating and animating crowds.
		Crowd animation starts out with behaviors applied to delegates, which are stand-ins for crowd members.
		Apply crowd simulation to mesh objects and bipeds.
	www.character-studio.net /tutorial_8_working_with_crowd_animation.htm (126 words)

	Crowd/ Battle simulation - Blender Artists Forums
		Neat idea...I got stuck into a crowd simulation script for a bit, until I found out how difficult it was to make one object to track another, anyway...It's bloody hard work, AI not withstanding
		Once you can make two groups of dots swarm across the screen and engage each other in realistic battle formations, then you start putting in the mocap, the hand-to-hand combat simulation, etc. Just the other day I was wondering if WETA could be persuaded to release Massive as open source.
		I, for one, is really interested in crowd simulation, behavioral motion and boids, and I think it would be a good idea to maybe gather a team together and establish some code base and such.
	blenderartists.org /forum/showthread?t=5314 (2260 words)

	Crowd Simulation: (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Abstract: This paper describes a distributed cognitive model designed to simulate a crowd of simple creatures, which react in certain ways to stimulation from their environment, including other crowd members.
		The intended application of this simulation is to generate 3D data for use in automatically animating these creatures in a computer-generated short film.
		The creatures follow a set of behavioural rules which allow the to "look" at other objects in the environment (represented by points in...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /680763.html (264 words)

	AgentLink.org \| European Co-ordination Action for Agent-Based Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		After a brief description of the model, its application to simple crowd behaviours will be given (e.g.
		The adoption of this kind of system allows to specify, simulate and evaluate a design solution, but also to easily produce a realistic visualization of the simulation, in order to facilitate the communication with involved actors.
		In fact, while expert decision-makers often require only abstract and analytical results deriving from the simulation, other people involved in the decision–making process related to the design may be helped by other forms of graphical representation.
	eprints.agentlink.org /5261 (316 words)

	Crowd Simulation - od[forum]
		First of all I really appreciate this forum, I want to thank everyone who posted hip files in this character section it helped me learn a lot about chops.
		I've been working on a crowd simulation for the last few weeks: about 70 people sitting on bleachers and cheering as if at football game.
		Any suggestions or thoughts on this, or any other methods for crowd simulation would be appreciated.
	www.odforce.net /forum/index.php?showtopic=722 (872 words)

	Prof. Anthony A. Maciejewski's Publications
		However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.
		Klein and A. Maciejewski, "Simulators, Graphic," in the International Encyclopedia of Robotics: Applications and Automation, John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp.
		Kirkland, A. Maciejewski, and B. Eldridge, "An Analysis of Human-Robot Social Interaction for Use in Crowd Simulation," Robotics: Trends, Principles, and Applications, Vol.
	www.engr.colostate.edu /~aam/publications.html (4773 words)

	Publications at VRlab
		Thalmann, Simulating a Human Society: the Challenges, Proc.
		Ulicny, B., Thalmann, D., Crowd simulation for virtual heritage, Proc.
		Ulicny, D. Thalmann, Crowd simulation for interactive virtual environments and VRtraining systems, Proc.
	vrlab.epfl.ch /Publications/publications_front_index.html (9518 words)

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