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	Crown Heights, Brooklyn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crown Heights is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn.
		The neighborhoods that border Crown Heights are: Prospect Heights (to the west); Prospect Lefferts Gardens (to the southwest), Wingate and Rugby (to the South), Brownsville (to the east); Bedford-Stuyvesant (to the north).
		The Crown Heights Riot was a multi-day riot in Crown Heights in August, 1991.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crown_Heights (989 words)

	About CHJCC
		In 1940, Crown Heights was one of New York City's premier neighborhoods with tens of mansions, tree-lined streets, an array of cultural institutions and parks, and a large number of fraternal, social and community organizations.
		Crown Heights was an epicenter of frustration and victims of knifings, beatings, and muggings were all too common.
		During the Johnson administration, Crown Heights was declared a primary poverty area due to a high unemployment rate, high juvenile and adult crime rate, poor nutrition for lack of family income, relative absence of job skills and readiness to work, and a relatively high concentration of elderly residents.
	www.chjcc.org /about.html (975 words)

	The Crown Heights Riot & Its Aftermath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Early one evening during the riot in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn in August 1991, I stopped in at the 71st precinct station and chatted briefly with Captain Mescolotto, an executive officer who had been called back from vacation to help deal with the mayhem in the area.
		Nor was the riot, strictly speaking, a minority riot, but rather a rampage by some of the neighborhood’s 180, 000 strong fl majority against a Jewish minority of 20, 000.
		Crown Heights and the area around the Brooklyn court house were then flooded with police, in anticipation of fl unrest in the case of a conviction.
	www.ex-iwp.org /docs/1993/Crown%20Heights%20Riot%20Aftermath.htm (4271 words)

	Untitled Document
		Crown Heights in Brooklyn, New York, is a neighborhood where a large Hasidic, or ultra-orthodox Jewish population, lives side by side, with an African-American and Caribbean-American community, and in which a major conflict had been stewing for years.
		On August 19, 1991in Crown Heights, one of the cars in a caravan escorting the spiritual leader of the Lubavitcher Hasidic sect, a large group of ultra-orthodox Jews, ran a red light and swerved onto the sidewalk, killing Gavin Cato, a seven-year-old Caribbean-American boy and injuring Angela, his young sister.
		Though the “tagger” may be confined by social structures to the South Bronx or Crown Heights, his or her identity could flow to parts of the city to which the writer had little access.
	www.wmich.edu /english/fac/fefferessay.html (2020 words)

	Crown Heights riots
		Rev. Sharpton was also instrumental in inciting the riots that took place in 1991 in Crown Heights when he spoke at the funeral of Gavin Cato, the 7-year-old...
		The Crown Heights riots or Crown Heights pogrom happened on August 19 - August 22 1991 in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York.
		By settling this legal action on behalf of the City with an apology for its failure to adequately protect the Jews of Crown Heights from the rioters and monetary compensation toward the injuries sustained by the victims, Mayor Giuliani is properly discharging the highest responsibilities of the mayoralty.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/c/cr/crown_heights_riots.html (447 words)

	Race Matters - In Crown Heights, a Decade of Healing After Riots, but Scars Remain
		By JOHN KIFNER and FELICIA R. en years after Crown Heights exploded in New York's ugliest spasm of racial violence in decades, the neighborhood's fl and Jewish residents conduct joint picnics and ice-skating parties, even a police- supervised Halloween parade.
		Crown Heights, a neighborhood of 134,140 people, is a quiet place these days.
		A 30-year neighborhood resident, she said the riots showed a rage among young fls that too many still overlook or portray as the work of outsiders.
	www.racematters.org /crownheightsscars.htm (1936 words)

	NJ Jewish News \| Crown Heights riot — fact, fiction, and plenty of blame
		Jews, particularly the Lubavitchers of Crown Heights, Shapiro’s book points out, used words like pogrom”; to describe what they suffered, ignoring the fact that a pogrom, by definition, is a government-sponsored action and that the impetus for this riot began on the street.
		And the city was determined to prevent a repetition of the riot.
		Crown Heights homeowners have discovered to their pleasant surprise that they are now affluent, at least on paper, and Crown Heights is again viewed as a desirable area by Brooklyn residents aspiring to middle-class status.
	www.njjewishnews.com /njjn.com/060806/ltCrownHeightsRiot.html (1699 words)

	African American and Jewish Relation in the 21st Century
		Not only are the African-Caribbean and Lubavitch residents involved in the Crown Heights riots furious at each other and blaming one another for the deaths during the riots, but all Jews are troubled by the unjustified violence displayed deaths during the riots.
		In 1991 the media presented the riots and subsequent trial as a “fl” versus “white” issue, when the initial problems were really cultural tensions of the Lubavitcher community versus their African-Caribbean neighbors and vice versa.
		A 1996 Harvard study, “Framing Identity: The Press in Crown Heights” by Carol B. Conaway, proved that media framing of this crisis as a “fl versus white” problem instead of a cultural disagreement between an African-Caribbean and Lubavitcher community actually exacerbated the riots that followed the death of Gavin Cato (Conaway).
	homepages.nyu.edu /~jk1771/essayblackjewish.html (2041 words)

	xlubi » XLUBI Prophecy: Riots in Crown Heights against Police (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Hassidic Jews of Crown Heights, who mainly belong to the Lubavitch group, began rioting, not only in sympathy with their brothers in Boropark but because of similar unfair police treatment over recent months.
		The rioting started when a young rabbinical student Mendy Lebowitz originally from California was pulled over by police who suspected he was using a cell phone while driving.
		Rioting continued way into the night when police vehicles where it was eventually smashed and set on fire by protesters.
	www.xlubi.com /blog/?page_id=80 (695 words)

	Blacks and Jews in America: History, Myths, and Realities - Jerome A. Chanes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		As for the Crown Heights riots, there is no question that a serious anti-Semitic outburst occurred in August 1991; there is no question that an anti-Semitic murder was committed.
		The Crown Heights events had more to do with longstanding "tribal rivalries" involving real estate, power, and culture than with a deep-seated anti-Semitism, which indeed may not be present in a fl population there that is hardly monolithic.
		The riots in Crown Heights in August 1991, in the course of which an anti-Semitic murder was committed, are discussed later in this article.
	www.jcpa.org /cjc/cjc-chanes-06.htm (3615 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Nation -- Racially charged case linked to 1991 Crown Heights riots returns to court ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Now 27, Lemrick Nelson is going back to court again to face the same federal charges: that he violated the civil rights of a rabbinical student by killing him in 1991 during racially charged riots in Brooklyn's Crown Heights neighborhood.
		And calm largely prevails in Crown Heights, a neighborhood shared by ultra-Orthodox Jews and Caribbean fls.
		Rioting started after a rumor spread that the Jewish ambulance crew had refused to treat the children.
	crossword.uniontrib.com /news/nation/20030413-1026-crownheights.html (603 words)

	The Next American City
		Crown Heights was home to a large, middle-class Jewish population, though by the strict religious standards of the Hasidim, these Jews were not observant.
		The Crown Heights that Shemtov moved to in the 1950s was almost completely white, except for a few fl professionals living on Union Street.
		Crown Heights’s Councilman James E. Davis, who was assassinated by a political rival during the writing of this article, was a firm advocate of communication.
	www.americancity.org /article.php?id_article=69 (2774 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Nation -- Black man convicted in 1991 slaying of Jewish scholar during Brooklyn riot
		NEW YORK – After three trials in 12 years, a fl man was convicted Wednesday in the stabbing death of a Jewish scholar during a 1991 riot in Brooklyn's Crown Heights neighborhood that widened the city's racial divide and contributed to Rudolph Giuliani's election as mayor.
		The Crown Heights case altered city politics for the next decade.
		In the years since the riots, fl and Hasidic community leaders worked hard to bridge their differences, forming groups to talk, play and learn together.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/nation/20030514-1426-crownheights.html (935 words)

	Gotham Gazette -- The Citizen
		She said that she was confident that the strides made in building and fostering a better relationship between Blacks and Jews in Crown Heights will continue because it was in the common interests of both communities.
		Rabbi Daniel Botnick, a leader in the Crown Heights Jewish community and a member of the Crown Heights Jewish Community Council told Carib News that what needed to be published were not all the opinions about the court's decision but the 'tremendous progress that the Crown Heights community has made in the last 10 years.
		And Richard Green, Director of the Crown Heights Youth Collective, said that he felt that the appellate court in reaching its decision had looked at the case from a legalistic point of view.
	www.gothamgazette.com /citizen/jan02/13.shtml (791 words)

	Jewish and Israel News from New York - The Jewish Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The play begins, as did the riots, with the death of an African-American child who was accidentally struck by a car in the motorcade of the Lubavitcher grand rebbe.
		In “Crown Heights,” which was written and first performed in 1998, a chasid named Yohuda rejects the Lubavitch leader’s authority because the rebbe agrees to leave injured children at the accident scene.
		In a video that introduces “Crown Heights,” Fulani describes her efforts to calm young members of the fl community during the riots.
	www.thejewishweek.com /news/newscontent.php3?artid=9012 (1501 words)

	Crown Heights Riot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many in the Jewish community view the riot as a purely anti-Semitic outburst, even terming it the Crown Heights pogrom, especially among Caribbean-Americans who felt excluded and discriminated against by their Hasidic neighbors.
		Returning from a cemetery visit to the grave of a leader of the Jewish community, Yosef Lifsh [Israeli], driving east on President Street in a car owned by Yehuda Zirkland that was part of a police led procession, either ran a red light or passed through the intersection lawfully.
		Black residents of the neighborhood then rioted for four consecutive days fueled by a belief that the treatment of the car accident victims was unequal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crown_Heights_riots (924 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		"Crown Heights" was co-written by Fred Newman and is a production of the All Stars Project, a group co-founded by Newman and Lenora Fulani.
		A fictionalized account of the events in Brooklyn leading up to the 1991 riots, "Crown Heights" opened on January 16 in a theater near Times Square.
		"With all of the progress made between the Black and Jewish communities of Crown Heights, it is sad that we now have this fictionalized rendering of events that is a distortion of history," said Abraham H. Foxman, ADL National Director.
	www.adl.org /PresRele/BkJew_21/4446_21.htm (300 words)

	Jewish Law - Commentary/Opinion - Three Days of Riots Forgotten: Political Will in Short Supply
		One such event was the pogrom-like rioting on the streets of Crown Heights in the summer of 1991.
		Nor has the shortage of political will evidenced in the Crown Heights case been confined to the prosecutorial arm of government.
		Members of the Crown Heights Jewish community are asking this very question in a civil lawsuit they have filed against various city officials they accuse of negligence or worse in carrying out their law enforcement responsibilities.
	www.jlaw.com /Commentary/3dayriot.html (976 words)

	Brown says he's disappointed New York settled riot lawsuit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The riots in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn started when a car driven by a Hasidic Jew accidentally struck and killed Gavin Cato, a fl child.
		Brown's handling of the riots was an issue in his 1997 campaign for Houston mayor.
		Mayor Rudolph Giuliani announced the settlement with remarks that the riots were "one of the saddest chapters in the recent history of New York City" partly because of "the inadequate response of the city."
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/aol-metropolitan/98/04/03/crown-heights.2-0.html (533 words)

	JDL: How The New York Times Deals with Jews in Danger
		The riots in Crown Heights started after a Hasidic Jewish man accidentally swerved his car onto a sidewalk and fatally injured a fl youngster.
		A corollary to the story of the anti-Semitic character of the Crown Heights riots which The Times did not report, is the story of how an insufficient number of police were ordered into Crown Heights to keep the peace.
		In the matter of the Crown Heights riots, rigorous legal standards of evidence and truth ultimately prevailed over the blurred and subjective journalistic ones The Times used.
	www.jdl.org /misc/ny_times.shtml (2732 words)

	Crown Heights-Foreclosures New Jersey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Early one evening during the riot in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn in August 1991, I stopped in at the 71st...
		Howie Mandel and Mario Van Peebles in "Crown Heights" "Crown Heights" (SHOWTIME) In 1991 the Crown Heights section of New York City was the scene of riots and conflicts.
		The Crown Heights Riot, also known as the Crown Heights pogrom by members of the Jewish community, was...
	www.foreclosure-new-york-us.info /crown-heights.html (606 words)

	UPNE - Crown Heights: Edward Shapiro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On the afternoon of August 19, 1991, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the spiritual leader of the worldwide Lubavitch Hasidic movement headquartered in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, visited the Old Montefiore Cemetery in Queens to pray at the grave of his predecessor.
		The riot strained race relations in the city, led some to question the viability of urban liberalism and the fl-Jewish political entente, raised concerns about the extent of fl antisemitism, and led the federal judiciary to broaden the scope of federal civil rights legislation to include Jews.
		“Because the Crown Heights riot was pivotal, painful moment in the tangled history of New York City's fls and Jews, a dispassionate elucidation of this terrible incident is badly needed--which Edwards S. Shapiro has admirably provided.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~upne/1-58465-561-5.html (685 words)

	OpinionJournal - Dispatch
		During the riots, the New York Times itself, in one of the most painful blunders of its long history, downplayed the violence and wrote about it in terms that suggested a moral equivalence between the perpetrators and the victims.
		It is one of the most unforgettable facts about Crown Heights that bringing Nelson to justice in the city of New York would eventually require federal prosecutors to haul out a civil-rights law intended to combat nullification by racist juries in the Jim Crow South.
		In the years since the riot, the Jewish community in Crown Heights and the African-American and Caribbean immigrant communities have begun to reach out to each other.
	www.opinionjournal.com /columnists/slipsky/?id=95001002 (1255 words)

	New Play About Crown Heights Blames Jews for Deadly Riots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A play blaming Jews for the Crown Heights riots of 1991 has opened at a new theater on West 42nd Street that was built in part with a tax-exempt, multimillion-dollar city bond.
		The play, called "Crown Heights," portrays the murder of chasidic scholar Yankel Rosenbaum as a tragic accident in a fight in which Jews threw the first punch.
		In "Crown Heights," both fls and Jews, played by teen actors, confront the aftermath of the death of a fictionalized Gavin Cato, the 7-year-old fl child accidentally run over by a car in the motorcade of the Lubavitcher rebbe, Menachem Schneerson.
	www.rickross.com /reference/new_alliance/new_alliance31.html (976 words)

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