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	Crucible steel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crucible steel describes a number of different techniques for making steel alloy by slowly heating and cooling pure iron and carbon (typically in the form of charcoal) in a crucible.
		A new technique was developed in England by Benjamin Huntsman, a clockmaker in search of a better steel for clock springs.
		His technique relied less on the heating and cooling, and more on the quenching process of rapidly cooling the molten steel when the right crystal structure had formed within.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crucible_steel (1014 words)

	AWC - Recent Articles
		Technique in sitting in judgment on itself, is clearly freed from this principal obstacle to human action"(Ellul, 1964, p.134).
		Hence, the nuclear crucible, from a moral perspective, reveals the hidden terrors of insecurity materially being manifested in the production of weapons of mass destruction that are the very antithesis of security and life affirming values.
		The nuclear crucible represents an intrinsic moral and political conflict for it demarcates the boundary between life-affirming and life-denying paths of existence.
	www.worldcitizens.org /nuclearcrucible.html (12440 words)

	Gene targeting technique extended to human embryonic stem cells
		By bringing to bear the technique, known in scientific parlance as homologous recombination, on DNA in human embryonic stem cells, it is now possible to manipulate any part of the human genome to study gene function and mimic human disease in the laboratory dish.
		"Indeed, homologous recombination is one of the essential techniques necessary for human ES cells to fulfill their promise as a basic research tool and has important implications for ES cell-based transplantation and gene therapies," write Wisconsin researchers Thomas P. Zwaka and James A, Thomson, the authors of the new study.
		The technique has long been used in the mouse and is best known in recent years for its use to generate mice whose genomes have been modified by eliminating one or more genes.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-02/uow-gtt020603.php (696 words)

	Apparatus for automatically controlling crystal growth - Patent 4032389
		Automatic control of the growth from the melt of a crystal in the Czochralski technique by weighing the crystal, comparing the weight with its expected value in a comparator and using the difference in a servo-loop as a servo-control signal is known.
		In known arrangements this is done by continuously measuring the mass or weight of the crucible or pull rod and its attachments and deriving from the measurement a weight signal representing a change in weight of the crystal.
		1 a crucible 5 is arranged in a conventional crystal growing vessel (not shown) to be heated by an electrical induction heater coil 11 to produce a melt 7 from a charge of a material of interest.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4032389.html (1990 words)

	New Spin on Titanium Casting Technology
		In a conventional one piece copper crucible the magnetic field generated by the field current in the heating coil is cancelled out by the magnetic field associated with the induced current in the crucible.
		The Taramm technique therefore provides significant advantages in terms of the `filling' of thin sections in the mould, and the overall length of flow of the molten metal, compared with the VAR process, which is incapable of superheating.
		A new crucible, redesigned to generate full levitation of the charge and with an innovative `pour' capability, has been developed and is awaiting a patent.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=286 (1324 words)

	The Crucibles of Ban Chiang
		A crucible is a vessel used to hold ore during smelting or metal during melting.
		Seventy percent of the crucibles were also lined on the inside with a layer of fine quartz-rich sand or silt held together by clay.
		The purpose of this lagging would be to prevent the molten metal from sticking to the crucible, and to reflect heat, thus helping to protect the crucible from disintegrating during use due to heat damage.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~csherman/crucible.htm (938 words)

	Method for growing crystals - Patent 4264406
		As shown in the drawing FIGURE the furnace 11 in which the boule is grown consists mainly of a ceramic sidewall 11A in the form of a vertical hollow tube, the cross-section of which may correspond to the cross-section of the crystal, both of which are preferably circular to simplify the furnace structure.
		The outer and inner crucible shroud walls defined by tubes 16A and 16C, respectively, are joined by an annular end wall 16E at a first end that projects into the furnace in coaxial relationship to the pedestal and crucible.
		The crucible shroud is driven axially by a rack 17 attached to the shroud and a pinion journaled to the furnace.
	freepatentsonline.com /4264406.html (2400 words)

	CRYSTAL GROWTH FROM MELT
		In the Czochralski method the melt is contained in a crucible but the crystals are grown at the free top surface of the melt so that there is no contact between the crystal and the crucible.
		By the rotation of the crucible and the crystal, asymmetries in the temparture gradient of the melt are reduced and a better mixing of the melt is achieved.
		The advantage of this technique is that the shape of the crystal can be controlled by the crucible while the disadvantage lies in fact that the crystal gets strained and the melt-crystal-crucible contact can result in the nucleation of differently aligned crystals.
	www.geocities.com /shajan89/melt.htm (728 words)

	Vacuum Processing Technique for Development of Primary Standard Blackbodies
		The flbody unit is comprised of a sealed annular graphite crucible surrounding the radiating cavity.
		The shape of the work specimen, which consists of the crucible and the fill tube, is cylindrical with a diameter of 4.3 cm and a length of 21 cm.
		The finished crucible containing the freeze metal is then installed in a sodium heat-pipe furnace for use as a primary standard in the laboratory.
	nvl.nist.gov /pub/nistpubs/jres/104/3/html/j43nav.htm (3334 words)

	TIN SMELTING AT THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE
		It is necessary to apply a wide range of very refined techniques to gain an understanding of the details of the operation, any significant conditions that controlled what had happened, and the character of the materials resulting from the work.
		The crucibles were constructed using a slab construction technique, replicating the size and technique of the crucibles excavated from Göltepe.
		One of the crucibles was used in the Oriental Institute smelt.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/PROJ/GOL/NN_Sum95/NN_Sum95.html (3470 words)

	Photonics.com Printer Friendly Article
		Vanadates, like most laser crystals, usually are grown from a melt in a crucible, and their high melting temperature (~1850 °C) can limit crucible lifetime and can lead to contamination of the melt.
		fibers without a crucible using a laser-heated pedestal growth technique that also enables crystals to be grown up to 10 times faster than the crucible processes.
		Laser-heated pedestal growth is similar to the floating-zone technique in that both utilize surface tension to support the molten zone between the feedstock and the crystalline material.
	www.photonics.com /printerFriendly.aspx?contentID=77486 (525 words)

	Franklin & Marshall College \| Earth and Environment
		During the heating the crucible is covered with a 95% Pt-5% Au lid which will also act as the mold into which the molten sample will be poured and cast into a disc shape.
		With a second pair of tongs the crucible is removed rapidly from suspension on the ringstand over the first burner and emptied onto the hot Pt-lid.
		With the other hand, the crucible which has been held quite level is now carefully sat down on a flat surface; in our lab this is a flat polished piece of granite.
	server1.fandm.edu /departments/earthandenvironment/facilities/xrf (944 words)

	Multicrystalline Silicon Ingot Growth or Directional Solidification Casting
		DS can be carried out in a separate crucible after (or as) silicon is poured into it from a melting crucible, as indicated in the figure above.
		DS of silicon in the same quartz (fused silica) crucible used to melt it would seem to be a logical approach for large-grained ingot production, but sticking and thermal expansion mismatch between the solidified Si and the crucible lead to significant cracking problems.
		The crucibles are either graphite or quartz (often coated with Si or other compounds to discourage sticking or enable reuse).
	www.siliconsultant.com /SImulticrs.htm (1214 words)

	The Crucible
		Although "The Crucible" is a powerful drama, it stands second to "Death of a Salesman" as a work of art.
		For all its power generated on the surface, "The Crucible" is most moving in the simple, quiet scenes between John Proctor and his wife.
		"The Crucible" is not of that stature and it lacks that universality.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/00/11/12/specials/miller-crucible53.html (486 words)

	Iron Age - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Perhaps as early as 300 BC, although certainly by 200 A.D., high quality steel was being produced in southern India by what Europeans would later call the crucible technique.
		In this system, high-purity wrought iron, charcoal, and glass were mixed in crucibles and heated until the iron melted and absorbed the carbon.
		The Iron Age in the Near East is believed to have begun with the discovery of iron smelting and smithing techniques in Anatolia or the Caucasus in the late 2nd millennium BC (circa 1300 BC).
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Iron_Age (1696 words)

	Bayerisches Geoinstitut - Annual Report 2000 Oxygen fugacity dependence of osmium solubility in haplobasaltic melt at ...
		The purpose of the present work was to re-investigate the dependence of Os solubility on oxygen fugacity using the stirred crucible technique, a technique that might help in minimizing this so-called "micronugget" contamination problem.
		The development of the LA-ICP-MS microanalytical technique, however, made it possible to re-analyse accurately the Re content of these glasses using a small beam diameter to avoid the "micronugget" contamination.
		The combination of the stirred crucible technique and ID-NTIMS analysis can therefore minimize the effects of "micronuggets" in the glass samples and provide improved Os solubility data at low oxygen fugacities.
	www.bgi.uni-bayreuth.de /annual_report/2000/c_38.phtml (635 words)

	Crucible Fitness \| Triathlon Training Articles
		If you guys spent as much money improving your swimming technique as you do on a set of wheels, then we might have to get wet more than once a week.
		Swim 50 meters or yards at a decent pace, concentrating on your technique, as it is right now.
		As you improve your technique over time, you will naturally increase your total yardage and create the muscle memory of good, efficient swimming.
	www.cruciblefitness.com /etips/swimtechnique1.htm (2169 words)

	Activity 22: Covellite or Chalcocite ??? - Maine Geological Survey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		While a number of more complex models for the laboratory production of these minerals exists, the basic technique is to heat a given amount of copper, in combination with excess sulfur in a closed crucible under a fume hood.
		By subtraction of the initial weight of crucible and cover from the final weight of the crucible, cover, and contents, the weight of the product (covellite or chalcocite) is calculated.
		Heat the crucible vigorously until the bottom and sides of the crucible glow red; continue heating for another 30-60 seconds.
	www.state.me.us /doc/nrimc/mgs/education/lessons/act22.htm (1512 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-09122005-142440
		The initial goal of this work was to combine the two techniques to form a fiber with exceedingly high efficiency of nonlinear interactions.
		Crucible technique fibers have also been fabricated by constructing an extremely thick walled silica tube, which is sealed at the bottom.
		A piece of the glass that is desired for the core (such as Lead Indium Phosphate) is inserted into the hole which is in the center of the tube.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/available/etd-09122005-142440 (491 words)

	Holographic data storage
		This technique, called “predistortion” [28], works by individually manipulating the recording exposure of each pixel on the SLM, either through control of exposure time or by relative pixel transmission (analog brightness level on the SLM).
		Another use of the predistortion technique is to increase the contrast between the 1 and 0 pixel states provided by the SLM.
		In contrast to surface storage techniques such as CD-ROM, where the density is inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength, holography is a volumetric technique, making its density proportional to one over the third power of the wavelength.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/443/ashley.html (13353 words)

	Franklin & Marshall - LOI and Iron Titrations Techniques
		Since we have 12 crucibles up to 11 samples and a standard can be analyzed as a batch, taking care not to mix up which sample is in which crucible.
		Using a forceps to move crucible, not your fingers, weigh the clean and dry porcelain crucible directly.
		Empty each crucible, clean them, and finally rinse them with acetone and set on a paper towel to air dry.
	www.fandm.edu /x7991.xml (1009 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Crucible technique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Iron contains impurities in the form of silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and manganese; steelmaking involves the removal of these impurities, known as slag, and the addition of desirable alloying elements.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Crucible technique" at HighBeam.
		Shared experience building around the family crucible of cancer.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Crucible+technique (246 words)

	oe magazine - eye on technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The crystals have the potential to overcome the somewhat low-emission cross-section of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystals on the one hand and the low thermal conductivity of neodymium-doped vanadate crystals on the other.
		The sensing technique is entirely optical and uses several different wavelength LEDs and a silicon photodetector to obtain measurements and assess the level of perfusion in the tissue.
		Using an optical technique allows the team to completely encapsulate the implant and thus to bypass complications associated with implanted sensors that must make contact with tissue or fluids.
	www.oemagazine.com /fromTheMagazine/feb03/eyeontech.html (1589 words)

	THE CRUCIBLE>>> About
		Although no one would dare launch a career without some form of basic training, many artists venture into the world to pursue their craft without the tools vital to attaining their goals and establishing their personal and spiritual longevity.
		The Crucible staff recognizes the need for artists to receive nurture, training, and grounding in God's Word, and as well, to develop accountable relationships that center on spiritual well-being.
		The Crucible is the expression of a non-profit organization called Crucible International, whose purpose is to equip artists to pursue their calling by instilling in them a stronger sense of identity and an understanding of the place of the arts in God's plan.
	www.crucibleinternational.org /html/about.html (683 words)

	TPV Cell
		This technique, due to it simplicity, is commonly used for research.
		These previous techniques work very well in the case of monoatomic crystals, and, with few changes, in the case of binary alloys.
		The most promising evolutions of these techniques to obtain homogeneous crystals are the double crucible technique in the case of Czochralsky method and the solute feeding in the case of Bridgman.
	tpvcell.hmg.inpg.fr /UAM.html (386 words)

	EDSITEment - Lesson Plan
		Contrary to their stereotype, the Puritans were not killjoys when it came to appreciation of art and music; nor did they disapprove of the enjoyment of sex within marriage.
		For witnesses of the events and for readers and modern audiences of The Crucible, the witch trials evoked the emotions of Aristotelian tragedy, pity and fear: pity for the victims, and fear that such accusations and death could happen to them.
		In particular, students should visit Salem Witch Trials Documentary Archive to see if their figure is included in the 3 lists of court room transcripts available; if the answer is "yes," the student should print out the transcript for his or her chosen figure's case.
	edsitement.neh.gov /view_lesson_plan.asp?id=440 (3038 words)

	The Crucible : Faculty Profile : Billy Hiebert
		Billy Hiebert received his BFA and MFA in sculpture from the California College of Arts and Crafts where he also taught sculpture and design for several years.
		Billy developed a molding process that was used in the sizing of patterns for jet engine turbine blades.
		As an artist, he continually integrates whatever material or technique he comes across into his own sculpture.
	www.thecrucible.org /people/b_hiebert.html (127 words)

	Development of the High-Pressure Electro-Dynamic Gradient Crystal-Growth Technology for Semi-Insulating CdZnTe Growth ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The HPGF technique eliminates the motion of the crucible relative to the heater and reduces some of the heat-transport problems associated with HPB growth.4 The HPGF technique improved the single-crystal yield and virtually eliminated the formation of pipes in the CdZnTe ingots.
		In the EDG technique, the crucible and the heater are stationary, and the gradient is translated through the molten CdZnTe electronically.14 The EDG technique avoids many of the inherent problems of the Bridgman and gradient-freeze techniques that lead to poor control of heat transport during crystallization.
		The goal of the project was to develop an advanced HP crystal-growth system with flexibility and stability that will allow the growth of CdZnTe ingots (a) without cracking, (b) with higher single-crystal yield, and (c) with improved charge-transport properties reproducibly.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3776/is_200406/ai_n9425284 (914 words)

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