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Topic: Cruciform passage grave

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	La Hougue Bie
		Passage Graves, with a distribution covering the Channel Islands and Brittany, with a particular concentration in the department of Morbihan in southern Brittany.
		Note that access to the whole of the passage grave would be required for the dimensions and position of the chamber to have been taken into account during the planning of the chapel, access to the short length of passage in front of the roof fall found in 1924 would not provide this information.
		The roof fall in the passage and the fall of the entrance lintel resulting from the removal of the northern support stone would both deny access to the passage grave chamber, so both of these would need to occur in or after the 12th century for entry to the entire structure to be possible then.
	www.megalithics.com /europe/jersey/bie/biemain.htm (5844 words)

	Grave
		Grave (burial) A grave is a place where a dead body, generally human, is buried.
		Grave, Netherlands Grave (population: 12,755) is a town in the southern km².
		Passage grave A is a tomb, usually dating to the Neolithic, where the burial chamber is reached along a distinct, and us...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/grave.html (388 words)

	passage grave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A Passage grave (sometimes hyphenated) or Passage tomb is a tomb, usually dating to the Neolithic, where the burial chamber is reached along a distinct, and usually low, passage.
		Passage graves often have elaborate corbelled roofs rather than simple slabs and sometimes a kerb surrounding the barrow or cairn.
		The passage itself is often aligned in such a way that the sun shines into the passage at a significant point in the year, for example at sunrise on the winter solstice or at sunset on the equinox.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /passage_grave.html (284 words)

	grave - Encyclopedia.com
		inexorableness of death and the humiliations of the grave [...
		As a professional kavran, or grave digger, for the hevra kadisha, the Jewish...
		Special political committee says Israel's 'grave breaches' of Geneva Convention are 'war crimes and an affront to humanity'.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O998-grave.html (921 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Newgrange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Newgrange, one of the passage tombs of the BrÃº na BÃ³inne complex in County Meath, is the most famous of all Irish prehistoric sites.
		The passage is long, over 60 feet (18m), and leads to a cruciform burial chamber with a corbelled roof which rises steeply upwards to a height of nearly 20 feet (6m).
		The kerbstones around the outside of the passage tomb and some of the stones inside are engraved with patterns of spirals and zigzags.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Newgrange (435 words)

	Passage grave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Variants include those with sub-chambers leading off from the main burial chamber, called Cruciform passage graves, Undifferentiated passage graves and also those with wide forecourt entrances.
		The name refers to a considerable subgroup of the Chambered cairns, but passage graves are often also covered with earth barrows.
		They are a type of chamber tomb and due to the large stone slabs involved in chamber construction, they are a subgroup of the European megalithic tombs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Passage_grave (281 words)

	Barclodiad y Gawres - Decorated Cruciform Passage Grave - Anglesey
		Today the surviving stones of the chamber and passage are protected by a modern concrete dome, but the original covering mound was composed of turves, contained by an edging of stones.
		The original passage was about 7m long and ran SSE to the chamber, it was a lot lower and narrower than the modern entrance way.
		Excavation revealed that the monument had been used for funerary purposes, the cremated bones of two men were discovered resting on the old ground surface in the SW chamber, the other two chambers had been dug into in the past and the only finds there were tiny bone fragments in the corners.
	www.megalithics.com /wales/barclody/barcmain.htm (749 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Chamber tomb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the case of individual burials, the chamber is thought to signify a higher status for the internee than a simple grave.
		Most were built from large stones or megaliths and covered by cairns or barrows but the term is also applied to tombs cut directly into rock and wooden-chambered tombs covered with earth barrows.
		Grave goods are a common characteristic of chamber tomb burials.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Chamber_tomb (199 words)

	Virtual Tour of Knowth - Mound, Western Passage, Kerbstones.
		All the tombs in the Boyne Cemetery are passage graves.
		As the name suggests, a passage grave comprises a long, narrow passage made of vertical and horizontal stone slabs, which leads directly to a burial chamber at the end.
		The Eastern Passage is called a ‘cruciform’ passage because the chamber at the end of it is divided into three side recesses, like the one at Newgrange, so the plan of the passage and chamber resembles a cross.
	www.knowth.com /virtual-tour2.htm (1409 words)

	Cruciform passage grave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cruciform passage graves describe a complex example of prehistoric passage grave found in Ireland, west Wales and Orkney and built during the later Neolithic, from around 3500 BC and later.
		They are distinguished by a long passage leading to a central chamber with a corbelled roof.
		From this, burial chambers extend in three directions, giving the overall impression in plan of a cross shape layout.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cruciform_passage_grave (184 words)

	Barclodiad-y-Gawres, Anglesey, Wales, prehistoric, the giantess`s apronful, hill grave, chambered tomb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Barclodiad-y-Gawres, the largest of the chambered tombs of Wales, is dramatically situated on a headland on the west coast of Anglesey.
		The side chambers surrounding the cruciform central chamber have yielded charred bones, indicating that they were depositories for cremated human remains.
		A number of the stones in the chambers and the passage were decorated with spirals, chevrons and lozenges.
	www2.active.ch /tschumi/e-barclodiad.htm (143 words)

	Newgrange Ireland - Megalithic Passage Tomb - World Heritage Site
		It is estimated that the construction of the Passage Tomb at Newgrange would have taken a work force of 300 at least 20 years.
		The passage and chamber of Newgrange are illuminated by the winter solstice sunrise.
		There is no direct access to the Passage Tomb at Newgrange, access is by guided tour from the Brú na Bóinne Visitor Centre located close to the village of Donore, Co. Meath.
	www.knowth.com /newgrange.htm (761 words)

	Newgrange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The passage grave at Newgrange is one of the most famous prehistoric monuments in Western Europe.
		The passage is 19m long and is lined on each side by standing stones, and it leads directly into the burial chamber, which has a cruciform plan.
		The entire passage grave cemetery at Brú na Bóinne was associated with the Tuatha De Danann (the race of the godess Danu).
	www.overbeyond.com /newgrange.htm (827 words)

	5- Conspicuous evidence for Early Farmers in the Landscape
		An example of the passage grave type of megalithic tomb is Newgrange in the Boyne valley in Ireland, set under a vast round mound mainly of water-rolled pebbles which has recently been restored to a likeness of its original form.
		Elsewhere in Scotland the megalithic cairns are mainly variations on the themes of the passage grave and the gallery grave.
		The other sub-group is a characteristic passage grave with a corbelled chamber at the end of a short passage set under a round mound.
	www.btinternet.com /~ron.wilcox/onlinetexts/onlinetexts-chap5.htm (5802 words)

	stonelight.ie - BEFORE PATRICK - The Irish Times
		The cumbersome title, undifferentiated passage grave shows that there was little or no research done on this type of grave until recently.
		However, his most dramatic discovery was that the main tumulus had a passage and chamber of the undifferentiated form as well as the form which was considered as the conventional Irish passage grave of cruciform-shaped chamber and a passage.
		The excavation at Knowth revealed much about the passage grave builders a people who, it is generally accepted were the second major group of settlers of this country in the Neolithic period.
	www.stonelight.ie /archive/arch12.html (1815 words)

	Barclodiad y Gawres Passage Grave - Llangwyfan, Anglesey
		Don't be fooled by the apparent earthen mound covering this monument - it is a modern concrete dome that has replaced the cairn that was robbed for building materials - although it's original name still remains, it means the 'Giantess's apronful'.
		It is what is inside that is of interest, unfortunately it is kept behind locked gates in perpetual semi darkness and unless you have access to the key and a powerful torch the remains of this passage grave must be glimpsed through iron bars.
		The grave itself consists of a northern 6 metre passage that leads to a central chamber with a further 3 side chambers.
	www.stone-circles.org.uk /stone/barclodiadygawres.htm (200 words)

	The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map
		The 9.7m long passage leads to the chambers to give a total length to the construction of 20.4m.
		The passage and chambers are roofed with flat capstones obviously chosen for their size and rectangular shape.
		The passage opens into the 9m long by 2m high by 3m wide main chamber whose 5 capstones are supported by 5 uprights and a modern granite pillar.
	www.megalithic.co.uk /print.php?sid=6942 (165 words)

	[No title]
		They are a burial cist or grave covered with a mound of earth.
		Cist - A grave formed of stone slabs set upright on their narrow sides, which are then topped with one or more cap stones.
		Passage Grave - A large mound of stones and earth covering a stone chamber approached through a long passage from the outside.
	members.lycos.co.uk /oldalbion/index/glossary.html (943 words)

	The Ancient Astronomers of Newgrange
		The northern passage is inaccessible to the public, and was disturbed in the early Christian period by the construction of underground storage chambers called souterrains.
		The Neolithic passage and chamber seem to be older in date than Newgrange, and possibly Knowth, due to the fact that the passage at Newgrange is more advanced, with water drainage techniques incorporated into its roof structure which were not found at Knowth.
		Some of the passage stones at Cairn T are adorned with huge numbers of round holes, or cup marks, and give the impression of some form of primitive star map.
	www.mythicalireland.com /astronomy/ancientastronomers.html (9284 words)

	Newgrange Passage Tomb
		The earliest passage tombs in Ireland are on the West coast in County Sligo and there construction and design developed as they spread across to the East coast culminating in the great complex at the Boyne Valley.
		The passage is 62 feet long and consists of 22 orthostats on the left and 21 orthostats on the right, opening into a cruciform chamber with 2 side chambers and 1 chamber at the rear.
		Immediately above the entrance to the passage is a small opening known as a roof-box, which is in alignment with the Sun at the winter solstice and allows the Suns rays to penetrate the tomb and light up the central chamber during this period.
	indigo.ie /~jdem/Newgrange.htm (489 words)

	GO BRITANNIA! Wales: Sacred Places - The Island of Anglesey
		Two miles north from Llanfair PG, at the hamlet of Cefn Bach (Kev'n Bach) and unique in all of Britain, is the well-preserved passage grave of Bryn Cell Ddu (Brinne Kethley Thee: the hill of the fl cells).
		Translated as "the apron of the giantess," it is located on the western side of the Island of Anglesey on the road (A4080) between Aberffraw (Aber Frow) and the village of Llanfaelog (Thlan Vye-log).
		This is a cruciform passage grave, painstakingly excavated and restored: its five carved stones are among the finest of their kind ever found in Britain with their lozenges, chevrons, spirals and zig zag patterns.
	www.britannia.com /celtic/wales/sacred/anglesey.html (910 words)

	New Grange
		Units were concentrated on the east half of the base of the mound, which includes the entrance to the passage and the roof box.
		The chamber at the end of the passage is cruciform in shape and is 6.5 meters wide, and the corbelled roof consisting of 17 stones rises to 6 meters in height.
		This passage was also built to allow a beam of light from the rising sun into the chamber on the winter solstice.
	www.nd.edu /~ikuijt/Ireland/Sites/jstahl/detail.htm (1243 words)

	Newgrange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Newgrange, Ireland is a remarkable prehistoric monument, principally a Neolithic passage grave (or tumulus or tump or barrow, if you prefer) which is very old and has strong Druidic associations.
		This passage grave consists of a vast stone and turf mound about 300 feet long and 45 feet high, containing a richly decorated passage about 62 feet long leading to a central cruciform burial chamber with a magnificent corbelled roof.
		On the Winter Solstice the roof above the entrance passage is aligned precisely with the rising sun, and at that time the rays of the rising sun touch the exact center of the tomb for about 20 minutes.
	www3.sympatico.ca /ci.kerr/ngrange.html (404 words)

	The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Dowth Passage Grave
		Three stone-lined passages lead into the mound from the W : one to a cruciform passage-tomb chamber, one to a circular passage-tomb chamber, and the third to a much later souterrain or refuge.
		Several of the orthostats of passage and chamber are decorated with spirals, chevrons, lozenges and rayed circles.
		At the entrance to the passage of the cruciform tomb is an early mediæval souterrain.
	www.megalithic.co.uk /article.php?sid=65 (875 words)

	Visit Meath - Ireland Travel and Tourism
		This abundance gave artisans and carftsmen the time and sustenance to provide complex structures such as Newgrange, Knowth, Dowth and the passage graves at Lough Crew; to ceate the High Crosses of Kells and Castlekiernan as well as the striking calligraphy of the Book of Kells.
		A single passage 25 m (82.5 ft) in length leads to a cruciform chamber with characteristic corbeled roof and with side chambers containing ornamental stone basins among its grave furniture.
		The stones of the passage and of its entrance curbstone were ornamented with spiral and other designs characteristic of megalithic art in the Atlantic region of prehistoric Europe.
	www.visitmeath.com (415 words)

	Excavations.ie. Searchable database of Irish excavation reports. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A large portion of the chamber of the passage grave centred on sq.50 has been destroyed but apart from the cap-stones the parallel-sided passage was complete.
		The two passage graves just described are close to each other and the mounds must have impinged.
		The passage grave centered on sq.19 is of particular interest because it predates the construction of the mound (or at least portion of it) of the large site (Site 1).
	www.excavations.ie /Pages/Details.php?Year=&County=Meath&id=5587 (815 words)

	irish-mythology-newgrange
		The passage into the tomb passes under the "roof box" for 19 metres and leads into the burial chamber.
		The burial chamber is cruciform (cross) shaped and is covered with a "Corbelled" roof 6 metres high which has kept the chamber dry for 5000 years.
		The "roof box" over the entrance is one of the most significant features of Newgrange, it allows the burial chamber inside to be illuminated on the morning of the "Winter solstice", the shortest day of the year.
	www.irishmythology.com /Irish_Mythology_Newgrange.htm (348 words)

	Knowth - Archaeological & Astronomical Legacy
		Knowth's eastern passage points to an azimuth of 85 degrees, a small distance off due east, and the reason behind this is explained by Charlie Scribner's theory about the function of Knowth.
		Suggestions that moonlight entering the eastern passage could have illuminated this "moon map" cannot be tested, however, because this passage is blocked by a huge concrete slab, erected during conservation and restoration work at the site to protect Early Christian structures near the entrance to the passageway.
		The Christian settlers also built a structure at the entrance to the east passage, one which was incorporated into the Neolithic passage in such a way as to alter its direction.
	www.mythicalireland.com /ancientsites/knowth/knowthlegacy.html (3735 words)

	Isle of Anglesey - Culture - Castles and Historic Buildings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This site is probably the remains of a small passage grave originally covered by a stone cairn, now supported by a concrete plinth.
		This important site is a cruciform passage leading to a central chamber with 3 side chambers.
		The earliest monument here was a henge, a circular ditch with external bank, with a later passage grave and cairn (only partially re-built) built over it.
	www.anglesey.gov.uk /english/culture/Heritage (2301 words)

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