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	Petroleum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Petroleum (from Latin petrus – rock and oleum – oil), mineral oil, or crude oil, sometimes colloquially called fl gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish flammable liquid, which exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earth's crust.
		The component chemicals of petroleum are separated by distillation.
		Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source powering the vast majority of vehicles and as the base of many industrial chemicals makes it one of the world's most important commodities.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Petroleum (1969 words)

	PETROLEUM - LoveToKnow Article on PETROLEUM
		Petroleum (burning water) was known in Japan in the 7th century, whilst in Europe the gas springs of the north of Italy led to the adoption in 1226 by the municipality of Salsomaggiore of a salamander surrounded by flames as its emblem.
		The active growth of the petroleum industry of the United States began in 1859, though in the early part of the century the petroleum of Lake Seneca, N.Y., was used as an embrocation under the name of Seneca oil, and the American Medicinal Oil of Kentucky was largely sold after its discovery in 1829.
		As early as 1804, Humboldt expressed the opinion that petroleum was producen by distillation from deep-seated strata, and Karl Reichenbach in 1834, suggested that it was derived from the action of heat on the turpentine of pine-trees, whilst Brunet, in 1838, adumbrated a similar theory of origin on the ground of certain laboratory experiments.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PETROLEUM.htm (12598 words)

	Petroleum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Petroleum (from Latin petr – rock and oleum – oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called fl gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid.
		In refining, the component chemicals of petroleum are separated by fractional distillation, which is a separation based on relative boiling points (or equivalently relative volatility).
		Strictly speaking, petroleum consists of hydrocarbons (compounds of hydrogen and carbon) and non-hydrocarbon fractions, which might also include nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, or traces of metals such as vanadium or nickel, such elements often constituting less than 1% of the whole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Petroleum (4513 words)

	MSN Encarta - Petroleum
		In addition, petroleum and its derivatives are used in the manufacture of medicines and fertilizers, foodstuffs, plastics, building materials, paints, and cloth and to generate electricity.
		The chemical composition of all petroleum is principally hydrocarbons, although a few sulfur-containing and oxygen-containing compounds are usually present; the sulfur content varies from about 0.1 to 5 percent.
		Soon petroleum received the attention of the scientific community, and coherent hypotheses were developed for its formation, migration upward through the earth, and entrapment.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761576221 (1135 words)

	Refining Oil
		Crude oil, also called petroleum, is a complex mixture of carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbons), which exist as a liquid in the earth's crust.
		The carbon and hydrogen in crude oil are thought to have originated from the remains of microscopic marine organisms that were deposited at the bottom of seas and oceans and was transformed at high temperature and pressure into crude oil and natural gas.
		Petroleum refining is the process of separating the many compounds present in crude petroleum.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/513refining.html (420 words)

	Petroleum
		Crude petroleum (oil) is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon-based liquid which is sometimes present in porous rocks beneath the earth's surface.
		Petroleum is usually classified according to the predominance of paraffin or asphaltic compounds and, accordingly, is said to have a paraffin base, an intermediate base, or an asphalt base.
		Petroleum is used principally as a source of fuel and lubricating oils.
	www.state.ar.us /agc/petroleu.htm (889 words)

	Petroleum -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In refining, the component chemicals of petroleum are separated by (The process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors) distillation.
		These petroleum compounds are all liquid at (The normal temperature of room in which people live) room temperature.
		Some would argue that because the total amount of petroleum is finite, the dire predictions of the (The decade from 1970 to 1979) 1970s have merely been postponed.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pe/petroleum.htm (3299 words)

	MSN Encarta - Petroleum
		It is found in large quantities below the surface of Earth and is used as a fuel and as a raw material in the chemical industry.
		Petroleum is formed under Earth’s surface by the decomposition of marine organisms.
		The remains of tiny organisms that live in the sea—and, to a lesser extent, those of land organisms that are carried down to the sea in rivers and of plants that grow on the ocean bottoms—are enmeshed with the fine sands and silts that settle to the bottom in quiet sea basins.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576221/Petroleum.html (1135 words)

	US Industrial Outlook: Crude petroleum and natural gas - Industry Overview
		The crude petroleum and natural gas industry (SIC 1311) is made up of establishments engaged in operating oil and gas field properties.
		Such activities include exploration for crude petroleum and natural gas; drilling, completing, and equipping wells; operation of separators, emulsion breakers, and desilting equipment; and all other activities incident to making oil and gas marketable up to the point of shipment from the producing property.
		Despite the recent massive destruction of crude oil producing and petroleum refining facilities in Kuwait and Iraq, the same fundamental factors that have affected the outlook for the U.S. crude petroleum and natural gas industry in recent years will continue to shape the industry to 1996 and beyond.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3617/is_1992_Annual/ai_14254586 (1329 words)

	Petroleum Supply Monthly: Summary statistics.(crude oil, petroleum produc... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Preliminary estimates of crude oil imports at the National level have historically understated final values by approximately 50 thousand barrels per day.
		This causes the preliminary values of unaccounted for crude oil to overstate the final values by the same amount.
		(e) Excludes petroleum imported into the United States indirectly from members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), primarily from Caribbean and West European areas, as petroleum products that were refined from crude oil produced by OPEC.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:99114277&... (1009 words)

	[No title]
		Petroleum refineries are typically sited near crude oil sources (onshore petroleum terminals, oil and gas extraction areas) or consumers (heavily industrialized areas).
		Crude oil usually must first be treated to remove corrosive salts, some of the metals and suspended solids.
		The water is separated from the crude oil in a separating vessel by adding demulsifier chemicals to assist in breaking the emulsion and/or, more commonly, by applying a high potential electric field across the settling vessel to coalesce the polar salt water droplets.
	www.msu.edu /course/prm/255/PetroleumCaseStudy.htm (5879 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Oil Refining Works"
		Crude oil is the term for "unprocessed" oil, the stuff that comes out of the ground.
		Crude oil is a fossil fuel, meaning that it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals living in ancient seas millions of years ago -- anywhere you find crude oil was once a sea bed.
		Crude oils vary in color, from clear to tar-fl, and in viscosity, from water to almost solid.
	science.howstuffworks.com /oil-refining1.htm (476 words)

	Crude Petroleum
		Chemically speaking, crude petroleum is a highly complex mixture of compounds chemically composed of Hydrogen and Carbon called Hydrocarbons.
		Other fractions of crude petroleum include a Kerosene, gasoline, light oil, heavy oil,and diesel all of which are liquids at room temperature because of their molecular size.
		In addition to using the petroleum as a fuel, petroleum is also a raw material for the polymer industry.
	members.aol.com /profchm/petrol.html (1785 words)

	Petroleum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Petroleum (from Latin petra – rock and oleum – oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called fl gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish flammable liquid, which exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earth's crust.
		In refining, the component chemicals of petroleum are separated by distillation.
		Strictly speaking, petroleum consists of hydrocarbons: compounds of hydrogen and carbon; and non-hydrocarbon fractions: compounds which might also include nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, or traces of metals such as vanadium or nickel.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Petroleum.htm (2886 words)

	The International Petroleum Cartel, Staff Report to the Federal Trade Commission, released through Subcommittee on ...
		Petroleum is an exhaustible natural resource; it is of fundamental importance to all phases of industrial activity and indispensable to industrial progress.
		Although the world's production of crude petroleum is derived from the same areas and countries that have the crude reserves, a comparison of the distribution of reserves with crude production in 1949 reveals wide disparities in the relative positions of some countries, as is indicated in table 3.
		The movement of crude from the Persian Gulf to North America (United States and Canada) is a relatively new development in the general pattern of international trade in crude.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/Petroleum/ftc.htm (3033 words)

	XXT - Online Information article about XXT
		Brooklyn, also on Long Island, were in successful operation when the abundant pioduction of petroleum, which immediately followed the completion of the Drake well, placed at the disposal of the refiner a material which cculd be worked more profitably than bituminous shale.
		dissociation, as shown by the experiments of Thorpe and Young, into specifically lighter hydrocarbons of lower boiling points, and the yield of kerosene from ordinary crude petroleum may thus be greatly increased.
		Petroleum spirit is tested for specific gravity, range of boiling-points, and results of fractional distillation.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /WIL_YAK/XXT.html (3787 words)

	Abstract of CEH report Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
		Crude petroleum, also called crude oil, is the largest single source of energy in the world, accounting for about 40% in oil equivalents of energy consumed in the world in 2003.
		Crude petroleum is one of the world's most widely traded commodities and changes in its market have global implications.
		As of January 1, 2004, the estimated world proved reserves of crude petroleum were 1,265.8 billion barrels.
	www.sriconsulting.com /CEH/Public/Reports/229.3000/Abstract.html (650 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Bharat Petroleum signs crude deals with three Gulf companies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The crude will be purchased at the official selling price, which is based on the benchmark prices for Oman and Dubai crude.
		The companies were earlier supplying crude to IndianOil, which was the canalising agent for all the public sector oil companies.
		BPCL's crude requirement is about 19 mm tons, which includes 8.5 mm tons for its Mumbai refinery, about 7.5 mm tons for the Kochi Refinery which it acquired last year and about 3 mm tons for the Assam based Numaligarh refinery (NRL).
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/company/cns21085.htm (441 words)

	Fossil Fuels and Their Utilization
		Crude petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons resulting in a mixture that has dissolved gases.
		Crude petroleum is not particularly useful in its natural state.
		First, the crude petroleum is a liquid with dissolved gases and suspended solid matter.
	members.aol.com /profchm/fossil.html (1865 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH)
		Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is a term used to describe a large family of several hundred chemical compounds that originally come from crude oil.
		Crude oil is used to make petroleum products, which can contaminate the environment.
		Because there are so many different chemicals in crude oil and in other petroleum products, it is not practical to measure each one separately.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts123.html (919 words)

	FAME - Oil Price Information
		Highly regarded source of Asia-Pacific crude prices APPI was launched in 1985 by Seapac Services and is acknowledged to be the standard price setting mechanism in the Far East for crude oils.
		World-wide crude oil, petroleum product, natural gas, LPG and energy price coverage Accurate price reporting and analysis Petroleum Argus is an important source of daily oil price assessments in all major markets.
		Global petroleum, petrochemicals, natural gas, electricity and freight price provider Industry benchmark Platt's is a leader in energy price reporting for markets all over the world.
	www.fame.com /products/oilprice.html (814 words)

	AllRefer.com - Mexico - Petroleum \| Mexican Information Resource
		In mid-1993, heavy Maya crude accounted for 67 percent of total oil exports, the lighter Isthmus crude accounted for 20 percent, and the high-quality Olmeca type accounted for 13 percent.
		Petroleum imports rose from 2 billion liters in 1991 to almost 5 billion liters in 1992.
		In 1989 an oil pipeline across the Tehuantepec isthmus opened to carry 550,000 bpd of Maya crude petroleum to Salina Cruz on the Pacific for export to the Far East.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/mexico/mexico72.html (2325 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Bharat Petroleum signs crude deals with three Gulf companies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On the other hand, BPCL is expected to come out with its tender and will source crude from April 1 by itself.
		Permission has not yet been given to sell crude or petroleum products or to hedge their margins in any way.
		Crude for NRL will be sourced from Oil India Limited (OIL), which produces crude in the north-east.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/company/cnm21055.htm (436 words)

	15 CFR PART 754 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Included are reconstituted crude petroleum, and lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.
		The licensing policy is to approve applications for exports of crude oil that was derived from the state-owned submerged lands of Alaska's Cook Inlet and has not been, or will not be, transported by a pipeline over a federal right-of-way subject to the MLA or the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act.
		The export of California heavy crude oil having a gravity of 20.0 degrees API or lower, at an average volume not to exceed 25 MB/D, will be authorized as follows.
	www.washingtonwatchdog.org /documents/cfr/title15/part754.html (5946 words)

	Natural gas Crude oil, Natural gas Petroleum Crude oil, Natural gas Trading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In addition, Crude oil trade acts as a general advisor on financial transactions that may have significant risk elements.
		Crude oil trade provides advisory services for existing and potential financial transactions having significant risk elements, with a particular emphasis on commodities and credit risk.
		Crude oil trade represents both buyers and sellers at financial, energy, chemical and mining companies who are considering derivatives, complex customer transactions, insurance and other risky transactions.
	crudeoiltrade.com (257 words)

	This Week In Petroleum Crude Oil Section
		Crude Oil Spot and Estimated Contract Prices (Dollars per Barrel)
		Crude Oil Production and Imports (Million Barrels per Day)
		Crude Oil Refinery Inputs (Million Barrels per Day)
	tonto.eia.doe.gov /oog/info/twip/twip_crude.html (43 words)

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