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Topic: Crurotarsi

	Palaeos Vertebrates 270.500 Archosauromorpha : Archosauria
		This left a large number of Triassic species in a paraphyletic group of basal archosaurs, the "Thecodontia." The thecodonts, in turn, were divided into three suborders -- essentially perceived as evolutionary grades on the way to the crocodiles: Proterosuchia (basal Archosauriformes), Pseudosuchia (Crurotarsi except Phytosauridae and Crocodylomorpha), and Parasuchia (Phytosauridae).
		While it was believed that dinosaurs and pterosaurs derived from the thecodonts, no one had a good idea of where the divergence had occurred.
		Crurotarsi is believed to include crocs and all other "thecodonts" within the Archosauria: phytosaurs, aetosaurs, rauisuchians, ornithosuchids, and many strange and poorly-known beasts like Doswellia.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/270Archosauromorpha/270.500.html (1585 words)

	Crurotarsi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crurotarsi ("cross-ankles") is a node-based taxon created by Paul Sereno in 1991 to supplant the old term Pseudosuchia.
		The Crurotarsi are one of the two primary daughter clades of the Archosauria.
		The skull is often massively built, especially in contrast to ornithodires; the snout narrow and sometimes tending to be elongate, the neck is short and strong, and the limb posture ranging from typically reptilian sprawing to dinosaur or mammal-like erect (although this is achieved in a different way to dinosaurs and mammals).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crurotarsi (393 words)

	Archosaur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thus, whereas the Permian was dominated by synapsids, the Triassic came to be dominated by sauropsids.
		A number of these archosaur groups - chiefly those large Crurotarsi that are in pre-cladistic books called the Thecodonts - became extinct 195 million years ago, during the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event.
		The dinosaurs dominated the land, the pterosaurs and later another archosaurian group, the birds, the air, and the crocodiles the rivers and swamps and even invading the seas (the Teleosaurs and Metriorhynchidae).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Archosaur (387 words)

	Re: Cladospeak (Mammalia, Crurotarsi)
		Therefore I am saying Crurotarsi "MIGHT be bad", so I am encouraging people to take a harder look at it instead of just repeating Sereno and Gauthier's synapomorphy lists like they have it all figured out already.
		If those who plan to defend Ornithodira sensu stricto (contra Dave Peters) plan to use Sereno's Crurotarsi synapomorphies as a given, then I think they may be basing their arguments on an insecure foundation, and perhaps even sliding down a slippery slope of circular reasoning.
		I might even come to the conclusion that their synapomorphies for Crurotarsi and Dinosauria are strong when taken together, but since noone seems to be willing to say that some subset of those "synapomorphies" are more significant (or stronger) than others, it certainly will take me that much longer to come to a decision.> Good.
	dml.cmnh.org /2001Sep/msg00128.html (598 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 270.510 Archosauromorpha : Archosauria : Ornithodira
		By definition, the Archosauria (rocs + crocs) are comprised of the Ornithodira (rocs > crocs) and the Crurotarsi (crocs > rocs).
		Since the fossil record of basal Crurotarsi is reasonably good, we will not spend much time on a theoretical morphotype.
		However, Crurotarsi with vertically-oriented legs normally accomplish this posture by angling the acetabulum to face ventrally, rather than by bending the femur or developing a distinct femoral neck and head.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/270Archosauromorpha/270.510.html (1513 words)

	Taxon Search : View Taxon Details
		The original intention in defining Crurotarsi was to coin a “stem-based taxon” in place of Pseudosuchia (Sereno 1991:42).
		Preference is given to Crurotarsi over Pseudosuchia (or Crocodylotarsi) despite the earlier date of definition of the latter, because of the long historical association of Pseudosuchia (“false crocodiles”) with polyphyletic taxonomic content that excluded crocodylomorphs as well as phytosaurs.
		Although taxa such as Dinosauria have successfully accommodated a living crown clade (Aves) that was once excluded, the name of the taxon at hand was not “Pseudoaves” and was not erected specifically for non-birds.
	www.taxonsearch.org /dev/taxon_edit.php?tax_id=365&Action=View (406 words)

	Order Thecodontia
		This has Crurotarsi as an unresolved tricotomy consisting of Phytosaurs, Ornithosuchuia, and the Suchia as the most advanced and specialised group.
		Whereas the Crurotarsi (Psuedosuchians) quickly diversified and evolved, the Ornithodirans remained as small bird-like forms, which tended more and more towards total bipedality.
		This cursorial, or agile running tendency, was continued further in Lagosuchus (late Ladinian; mid-Triassic), the slim, long-legged ancestors of the dinosaurs, and possibly of the Pterosaurs as well.
	www.kheper.net /evolution/thecodontia/Thecodontia.htm (1046 words)

	The Reptipage: A Site Devoted to Reptiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		They are but one branch of a highly successful group of animals called crocodyliformes; which in turn are a branch of the highly successful crocodylomorphs.
		Finally, all are members of the Dinosaurian sister group: Crurotarsi, or Pseudosuchia (for those who would like to continue the croc naming trend).
		The only reason why crocodiles always get lumped into the “living fossil” category, is because the bodyplan that they do have, happens to have been a popular bodyplan for the past 200 + million years.
	reptilis.net /wordpress/2007/02 (2513 words)

	Taxon Search : Using TaxonSearch
		TaxonSearch finds 22 records-meaning that 22 suprageneric taxa coined by O. Marsh are regarded as active by the compiler, whereas 45 have fallen from use for various reasons.
		If the user wants to determine if any of Marsh's taxa apply to crurotarsal archosaurs rather than dinosaurs and closest of kin, "Archosauria: Crurotarsi to Crocodylia" can be selected in the Subclade field in the Clade section and "Marsh" entered into the Nominal Author field in the Taxon section.
		O. Marsh proposed three suprageneric taxa among crurotarsal archosaurs (Belodontia, Hallopoda, Hallopodidae), none of which are in current use or regarded as active by the compiler.
	www.taxonsearch.org /using.php (849 words)

	Re: Cladospeak (Mammalia, Crurotarsi)
		> My clarification, using proper "cladospeak": if > ornithosuchids are closer to birds than to crocs, then Crurotarsi probably > becomes a junior synonym of Archosauria, but it would still need to be > abandoned [...].
		Therefore, the former should be used and the latter discarded like Vermes and Thecodontia :-) > As for Crurotarsi, I am not saying "it MUST be bad".
		(Of course, that's not an argument against testing the diagnosis of Crurotarsi -- it's science.) > I am reluctant to say who may or may not still regard Ornithosuchids as > closer to birds than to crocs (as views change so rapidly sometimes), but I > believe Michael Benton still favors this toplology.
	dml.cmnh.org /2001Sep/msg00115.html (340 words)

	Triassic - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		At the same time the Ornithodira, which until then had been small and insignificant, evolved into pterosaurs and a variety of dinosaurs.
		The Crurotarsi were the other important archosaur clade, and during the Late Triassic these also reached the height of their diversity, with various groups including the Phytosaurs, Aetosaurs, several distinct lineages of Rauisuchia, and the first crocodylians (the Sphenosuchia).
		Though the end-Triassic extinction event was not equally devastating everywhere in terrestrial ecosystems (see below), several important clades of Crurotarsi (large archosaurian reptiles previously grouped together as the thecodonts) disappeared, as did most of the large labyrinthodont amphibians, a number of groups of small reptiles, and some synapsids (except for the proto-mammals).
	www.pakistangrid.com /mediawiki/index.php/Triassic (1716 words)

	Lecture 11 - Triassic: Newark, Chinle
		Archosaurs can be divided into two groups: the Ornithodira and the Crurotarsi, with shared derived conditions of the ankles being the most important characters.
		This is called a mesotarsal joint and it is the type seen in birds and other dinosaurs.
		The Crurotarsi (with their shared derived crurotarsal ankle [1 below]) are divided into three groups: the Phytosauria, the Ornithosuchia, and the Suchia.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /edu/dees/courses/v1001/chinlenewark10.html (2832 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Template:Taxobox norank entry Template:Taxobox end placement Template:Taxobox section subdivision Crurotarsi
		Template:Taxobox end Archosaurs (Greek for "ruling reptiles") are a group of diapsid reptiles that first evolved from Archosauriform ancestors during the Olenekian (early Triassic).
		A number of these archosaur groups - chiefly those large Crurotarsi that are in pre- cladistic books called the Thecodonts - became extinct 195 million years ago, during the Triassic-Jurassic extinction...
	archosaur.iqexpand.com /index.php?title=Teleosauridae&action=edit (683 words)

	Lecture 12 - Triassic: Keuper, Fleming Fjord
		The Keuper in particular has produced a rich assemblage of archosaurs and dinosaurs, along with other important vertebrates.
		Quite a number of members of the Crurotarsi are known from the Keuper, especially phytosaurs, rauisuchians, aetosaurs, and crocodylomorphs.
		However, the Keuper is most famous for its dinosaurs, the best known of which is Plateosaurus.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /edu/dees/courses/v1001/keuper11.html (822 words)

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