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Topic: Crusade of 1101

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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Crusades
		The honour of initiating the crusade has also been attributed to Peter the Hermit, a recluse of Picardy, who, after a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and a vision in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, went to Urban II and was commissioned by him to preach the crusade.
		Meanwhile the crusaders, revictualled by the Armenians of the Taurus region, made their way into Syria and on 20 October, 1097, reached the fortified city of Antioch, which was protected by a wall flanked with 450 towers, stocked by the Ameer Jagi-Sian with immense quantities of provisions.
		The history of the Crusades is therefore intimately connected with that of the popes and the Church.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04543c.htm (14112 words)

	Wikinfo \| The Crusades
		The Crusades were a series of several military campaigns sanctioned by the Pope that took place during the 11th through 13th centuries.
		The vital crusading spirit was now dead, and the succeeding crusades are to be explained rather as arising from the efforts of the papacy in its struggle against the secular power, to divert the military energies of the European nations toward Syria.
		A crusading force from Hungary, Austria, and Bavaria achieved a remarkable feat in the capture of Damietta in Egypt in 1219, but under the urgent insistence of the papal legate, Pelagius, they proceeded to a foolhardy attack on Cairo, and an inundation of the Nile compelled them to choose between surrender and destruction.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Crusades (1131 words)

	Crusade of 1101 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Crusade of 1101 was a minor crusade of three separate movements, organized in 1100 and 1101 in the successful aftermath of the First Crusade.
		The successful First Crusade prompted a call for reinforcements from the newly established Kingdom of Jerusalem, and Pope Paschal II, successor to Pope Urban II (who died before learning of the outcome of the crusade that he had called), urged a new expedition.
		The crusaders and Byzantines each blamed the other for the defeat, and neither of them were able to ensure a safe route through Anatolia now that Kilij Arslan had strengthened his position.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crusade_of_1101 (1314 words)

	first crusades (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The First Crusades was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II to regain control of the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Christian Holy Land from Muslims.
		Under emperor Alexius I Comnenus, the empire was largely confined to Europe and the western coast of Anatolia, and faced enemies in the Normans in the west and the Seljuks in the east.
		Alexius, fearing the crusaders would sack the city and destroy the wealth it would bring the Byzantine Empire, secretly negotiated the surrender of the city; the crusaders awoke on the morning of June 19, 1097 to see Byzantine standards flying from the walls.
	www.crusades-history.com /First-Crusades.aspx (4293 words)

	Crusades - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Later crusades were launched against various targets outside of the Levant for a mixture of religious, economic, and political reasons, such as the Albigensian Crusade, the Aragonese Crusade, and the Northern Crusades.
		The origins of the crusades lie in developments in Western Europe earlier in the Middle Ages, as well as the deteriorating situation of the Byzantine Empire in the east, due to a new wave of Turkish Muslim attacks.
		A crusader would, after pronouncing a solemn vow, receive a cross from the hands of the pope or his legates, and was thenceforth considered a "soldier of the Church".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crusade (6578 words)

	[No title]
		And the crusade of the Duke of Burgundy to Candia, in 1669.
		The Crusaders, led by Tancred (nephew of Marcus Bohemond) and the brothers Godrey and Estance of Boullin, in January of 1099, marched and negotiated their way from Antioch to lay siege on Jerusalem.
		The Crusades certainly accelerated the deterioration of western relations with the Byzantine Empire and contributed to the destruction of that realm, with the disastrous consequences that followed.
	members.fortunecity.com /jonhays/crusades.htm (2289 words)

	The Crusades
		A crusade was originally meant to be a war where all leaders and men fought under the banner of the church.
		The "call" for a crusade was made by the Pope, although some were fought for political reasons and not for religious ones.
		The Crusaders aligned with Kay Kaus I, the Seljuk Sultan of Rum in Anatolia, who attacked the Ayyubids in Syria in an attempt to free the Crusaders from fighting on two fronts while they continued on to Egypt.
	www.realarmorofgod.com /the-crusades.html (3369 words)

	1101 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		1098 1099 1100 - 1101 - 1102 1103 1104
		A second wave of crusaders arrives in the newly established Kingdom of Jerusalem, after being heavily defeated by Kilij Arslan I at Heraclia.
		You can find it there under the keyword 1101 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1101)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1101andaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/1101 (235 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		A new crusade was already being preached in the spring of 1099 by the Archbishop of Milan, for Urban knew that the crusaders were in dire need of help.
		As in the First Crusade, too, this crusade had no effective leader and was, in truth, even more scattered and haphazard in its progress.
		The Turks brought the crusaders to ground near the mountains of Paphlagonia at Mersivan.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/1101.html (2776 words)

	All Empires History Forum: First crusader army? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		When the fatimids attack to the crusaders with an army of 30-40 thousand men, the christians were only 10.000 infantrymen with less than 2.000 cavalrymen.
		In fact, I'd go as far as saying the success of the first crusade was not due to the weakness of the enemy, but the strength, tactics and logistics of the Crusaders.
		Another mayor advantage for the crusaders was that normal nomad tactics was no longer sucesfull because the crusader armor was impenetrable for arrows.
	www.allempires.com /Forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=10434 (1856 words)

	Crusades - Wikichristian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Crusades were a series of several military campaigns — usually sanctioned by the Papacy — that took place during the 11th to 13th centuries.
		Originally, they were Roman Catholic endeavors to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims, but some were directed against other Europeans, such as the Fourth Crusade against Constantinople, the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars of southern France and the Northern Crusades.
		The Crusades unfortunately show Christians acting in an aggressive and war-like manner.
	www.wikichristian.org /index.php?title=Crusades (131 words)

	crusade_commerce_and_culture.html
		Cyprus, 91 ; meeting-place of Crusaders, 102 ; and Hospitallers, 122 ; object of Egyptian CounterCrusade, 139 - 42 ; affluence under Lusignan dynasty, 171 - 72
		Louis IX, Seventh Crusade, 90 - 91 ; conquest of Damietta, 90 ; defeat at Mansura, 90
		Papacy, universal power, 47 ; idea of Crusade, 47 - 48 ; and Holy Roman Empire, 48 - 49 ; and Italy, 49 - 50 ; and Spain, 50 - 51 ; and Normans, 51 - 52 ; effects of Crusade, 121 - 22 ; Babylonian Captivity, Schism, and Conciliar Movement, 158.
	www.allcrusades.com /INDEX/A-Z-Aziz-S-Atiya.html (2223 words)

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