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Topic: Cruzeiro real

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	INFLATION in BRAZIL
		In was in 1967 that the cruzeiro was renamed to cruzeiro novo (new cruzeiro), and three zeros were dropped from all denominations.
		It was under the cruzeiro that the "monetary correction" mechanism was instituted, whereby every month all salaries were aoutomatically adjusted upwards to compensate for inflation.
		Those same 1,000 cruzeiros, however, would be worth 1,000,000 (1 million) cruzeiros novos by 1967, 1,000,000,000 (1 billion) cruzados by 1986, 1,000,000,000,000 (1 trillion?) cruzados novos by 1989, 1,000,000,000,000,000 (1 quatrillion?) cruzeiros reais in 1993, which converted into reais at the UVR index would yield in 363,636,363,636,363 reais.
	www.brazilbrazil.com /inflat.html (2421 words)

	Brazilian real - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The real (plural réis) was the currency used by the first Portuguese settlers to arrive in the then New World, but the first official money to circulate bearing the name "real" was actually printed in 1654 by the Dutch, during their occupation of part of the Brazilian Northeast.
		The real was affected by inflation during its long lifespan and the base currency unit shifted from one real to mil réis (one thousand réis) and to one conto de réis (one million réis) in the final years of the República Velha era.
		The real (plural reais) was implemented on 1 July 1994, during the presidency of Itamar Franco, when Fernando Henrique Cardoso was the Minister of Finances, as part of a broader plan to stabilize the Brazilian economy, known as Plano Real, substituting the short-lived cruzeiro real.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Real_(currency) (1526 words)

	Futebol \| Daily News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cruzeiro have hoped to keep the 27-year-old at the club, but have now reluctantly accepted his wish to return to the state of his birth.
		The Cruzeiro sensation, renowned for inventing the party piece of the decade, the ´seal dribble´, is now hoping to make 2006 a year to remember: for both himself, and Cruzeiro.
		Santos are reportedly keen to lower their wage bill in order to give the former Real Madrid boss the chance to bring in one or two faces, and this has left the ex-Barcelona ace, along with Luizão and Cládio Pitbull, facing the exit door.
	www.ofutebol.com /news/news_jan_06.shtml (6290 words)

	ME
		On February 13, 1967 the monetary unit became the new cruzeiro, where 1 new cruzeiro = 1000 old cruzeiros; and on May 15, 1970, the new cruzerio was renamed the cruzeiro.
		On July 1, 1994 the monetary unit was changed to the real, where 1 real = 2750 cruzeiros reais.
		The exchange rate is expressed as milreis per dollar in 1916‑1941, old cruzeiros per dollar in 1948-1966, (new) cruzeiros per dollar in 1967-1985, cruzados per dollar in 1986‑1988, new cruzados per dollar in 1989, (again new) cruzerios per dollar in 1990-1993, cruzeiros reais per dollar in 1994, and reais per dollar in 1995-1999.
	eh.net /hmit/exchangerates/infoamericas.htm (1372 words)

	Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics
		The real was introduced after a surge of prices in the old currency, so the government could launch the Real Plan from a plateau of high prices.
		Since the Real Plan was launched, massive federal support has gone into sustaining operations of five of the 10 biggest banks that were since merged into other institutions or are still in deep trouble, in one of the most complex banking crises in financial history.
		The trouble with the Real Plan is that cutting monthly inflation was such an easy victory, at little cost compared with stabilization efforts in other countries, that political leaders neglected to create the psychological climate of a stabilization plan in which a nation fights desperately for its survival as an organized society.
	www.braudel.org.br /paping15.htm (10016 words)

	About Brazil -Information Guide
		On August 1, 1993, the cruzeiro real, equal to 1,000 cruzeiros, was introduced, as the national currency.
		Real GDP adjusts the value of GDP to exclude the effects of price changes, allowing for measurement of actual yearly increases or decreases in output.
		During the transition from the cruzeiro real to the real, Real Value Units (Unidades Reais de Valor--URVs) acted as a temporary currency, beginning on March 1, 1994, with one URV equal to one real or CR$2,750.
	www.floridabrasil.com /brazil/about-brazil-glossary.htm (4880 words)

	*MONETARY STANDARDS*
		Cruzeiro (01.11.1942): In the period of 02.12.1964 to 12.02.1967, the Cruzeiro fraction named cent was extinguished.
		Cruzeiro Novo (13.02.1967): The new standard notes was not casted, being used the previous notes with a new value whith a new value stamped upon them.
		Cruzeiro (15.05.1970): In the period of 16/08/1986, the Cruzeiro fraction named cent was extinguished again.
	www.numismatic.com.br /monetarystandards.htm (73 words)

	Renato Janine Ribeiro
		Our present currency, real, dates from 1994, when it replaced the last one of a series of names that in the preceding eight years had been identified in our experience to an inflation with no precedents: cruzeiro (1942-67 and 1970-86), cruzado (1986-9), cruzado novo (1989-90), cruzeiro (1990-3) and cruzeiro real (1993-4).
		Real had already been the name of a Brazilian currency; it derived from rei, king, and was a common name for national currencies across all the Hispanic world.
		To give currency the name of unidade real de valor (real value unit) and later of real would then help to stabilise what was undervalued or devaluated, to give a smell of reality to what had lost nearly all value.
	www.renatojanine.pro.br /LEstrangeira/identity.html (3707 words)

	Dollar against Real - Brazilian currency
		The old "cruzeiro real" was abandoned, and the new currency, Real (symbol R$) gained course.
		Still, Gustavo Franco refused to devaluate the Real; Franco said that the basilar ideas of the Plan Real (strong Real, privatization, competition) should be kept, and would bring benefits in the long term.
		In October 1998, Brazil held elections and Fernando Henrique Cardoso was re-elected to Presidency; one of the main reasons of the prestige of FHC was the low inflation, and much of the low inflation was result of Franco and his policy.
	www.v-brazil.com /business/real-dollar.html (843 words)

	Brazilian cruzeiro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cruzeiro (Cr$) was the monetary unit of Brazil from 1942 to 1986 and again between 1990 and 1993.
		The third cruzeiro was used until 1993, when it was replaced by the cruzeiro real.
		One cruzeiro real was equal to 1000 cruzeiros.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brazilian_cruzeiro (357 words)

	Banco Central Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Consequently, the amount in the example, Cr$ 4,75 (four "cruzeiros" and seventy five "centavos"), came to be written as Cr$ 4, thus eliminating the comma and the following digits.
		Provisional Measure nº 542, 06.30.1994 (D.O.U.,06.30.94), instituted the "REAL" as the monetary system unit, effective as of 07.01.1994, with equivalence of CR$ 2.750,00 (two thousand, seven hundred and fifty "cruzeiros reais"), equal to the parity between the URV and the "Cruzeiro Real" set for 06.30.94.
		As a measure preparatory to implementation of the Real, the URV --Real Unit of Value-- was created by Provisional Measure nº 434, published in the D.O.U. dated 02.28.94, and reissued under numbers 457 (D.O.U., 03.30.94) and 482 (D.O.U. 29.94) and converted into Law nº8,880, dated 05.27.1994 (D.O.U., 05.28.94).
	www.bcb.gov.br /ingles/museu-espacos/refmone-i.shtm (711 words)

	Commanding Heights : Brazil Money \| on PBS
		Four austerity shock plans and three consecutive currencies (the existing cruzeiro, the cruzado in 1986, and the cruzado novo in 1989) aim at reducing inflation.
		1993-1994: Finance Minister Cardoso executes his Real Plan with the introduction of an equilibrium budget; general indexation of prices, wages, and taxes; and the introduction of a new currency, the real, worth 1,000 cruzeiros and pegged to the dollar.
		Brazil abandons the defense of its currency and devalues the real in January, allowing the exchange rate to float freely.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/br/br_money.html (407 words)

	[No title]
		The result was that real interest rates were kept at around ten times the equivalent international rates for one year, causing a strong recession in the economy.
		While the cruzeiro remains the "currency" by which prices are defined, the end of chronic inflation will mean nominal stability of the quantity of cruzeiros in circulation, which demands in turn a clear and firm definition of the rules and of responsibility for the administration of the national currency.
		In the first case (a flexible exchange rate), the basic rule of creating and destroying cruzeiros would be defined by society, which would fix the limits of discretionary power available to the central bank in the administration of national currency, as well as its autonomy in relation to the three powers of the Republic.
	www.h-net.org /~latam/jrnl/braudel/jrnlbraudoct93.html (8746 words)

	Real (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Real was implanted by the "Real Project" in the government of the president Itamar Franco, with the objective of creating a strong coin and to end with the inflation.
		Firstly, it was established a parallel index for transition effect, the Real Unit of Value (URV).
		The Conversion of Cruzeiro Real to Real was made by means of the division of the value in Cruzeiro Real for the value of URV - CR$ 2.750,00 (two thousand, seven hundred and fifty Cruzeiros Reais).
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Troy/5949/ereal.htm (82 words)

	CMN Res. 2010 - Plano Cruzeiro Real - Pacote Econômico
		VIII - Cr$ 500.000,00 (quinhentos mil cruzeiros) correspondem a CR$ 500,00 (quinhentos cruzeiros reais).
		VI - 5 cruzeiros reais (equivalentes a Cr$ 5.000,00);
		VII - 10 cruzeiros reais (equivalentes a Cr$ 10.000,00).
	www.societario.com.br /leis/cmn2010.html (1086 words)

	[No title]
		O real (réis, no plural), mais conhecido como mil-réis, foi a moeda oficial até 1942.
		Quando a URV chegou a 2750 cruzeiros reais, a nova moeda, REAL, entrou em vigor.
		CRUZEIRO REAL (08/1993 a 06/1994) PARA REAL :
	www.geocities.com /Paris/Rue/5045/MOEDA.HTM (447 words)

	Packtours - Your Travel Partner in Brazil...!
		At the moment, the monetary unit of Brazil is the Real (pronounced HE-ow); the plural is Reais (pronounced HE-ice).
		There is also a one-real coin as well as a one-real note.
		As well as the green one-real note there's a blue/purple five, a red 10, a brown 50 and a blue 100.
	www.packtours.com.br /dest/packtours/during/banks.htm (217 words)

	1994 Country Reports on Economic Practice and Trade Reports: BRAZIL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The new currency is the centerpiece of the government's economic stabilization plan, the "Plano Real," designed to curb chronic, rampant inflation, which had reached an annual level of nearly 5,000 percent by the end of 1993.
		The real rate of inflation (as measured by the IPC-r, the Plano Real's index, in reals) is higher than in 1993: 15.87 percent for the first nine months of 1994 vs. 13.38 percent for all of 1993.
		The stabilization plan under which the real was introduced established quantitative targets on the expansion of the monetary base.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/economics/trade_reports/1994/Brazil.html (3981 words)

	Brazil - MSN Encarta
		In 1960 Brazil joined the Latin American Free Trade Area (which became the Latin American Integration Association in 1980), to foster trade within the continent, and since 1995 has been a member of Mercosur, a customs union with Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
		The country’s economic difficulties in the early 1990s resulted in frequent devaluations of the currency along with frequent name changes to the unit of currency, including cruzeiro, cruzeiro novo, and cruzado.
		The present currency is the real, which replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994, and has approximate parity with the U.S. dollar (2.93 real equal U.S.$1; 2004 average).
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554342_7/Brazil.html (1152 words)

	Futebol \| Daily News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The former Cruzeiro man, 28, converted a 40th-minute penalty to break the deadlock and then, after the visitors were reduced to ten-men, added a second midway through the second period, after a flowing move.
		Meanwhile, Ronaldo spoke of his delight at Real collecting three points at the weekend; "It is very important for the morale of the team," said the free scoring striker, who recently turned 29.
		The last striker Cruzeiro purchased from América-MG proved to be a roaring success in the blue of the Raposa.
	www.futebolthebrazilianwayoflife.com /news_sep_05.shtml (5759 words)

	Cruzeiro News
		Local news for Cruzeiro continually updated from thousands of sources on the web.
		Brazilian league leaders Sao Paulo drew 1-1 at Gremio in a top-of-the-table clash and champions Corinthians beat Cruzeiro 1-0 to climb out of the relegation zone on Sunday.
		Cruzeiro Do Sul 06, it is a Multilateral Aerial...
	www.topix.net /br/cruzeiro (551 words)

	Reformas do Sistema Monetário Brasileiro
		Exemplo: NCr$ 4,75 (quatro cruzeiros novos e setenta e cinco centavos) passou a expressar-se Cr$ 4,75(quatro cruzeiros e setenta e cinco centavos).
		A Medida Provisória nº 168, de 15.03.1990 (D.O.U. de 16.03.90), convertida na Lei nº 8.024, de 12.04.1990 (D.O.U. de 13.04.90), restabeleceu a denominação CRUZEIRO para a moeda, correspondendo um cruzeiro a um cruzado novo.
		A Medida Provisória nº 542, de 30.06.1994 (D.O.U. de 30.06.94), instituiu o REAL como unidade do sistema monetário, a partir de 01.07.1994, com a equivalência de CR$ 2.750,00 (dois mil, setecentos e cinqüenta cruzeiros reais), igual à paridade entre a URV e o Cruzeiro Real fixada para o dia 30.06.94.
	www.nossosaopaulo.com.br /Reg_SP/Barra_Escolha/MoedasNacionais.htm (688 words)

	CNN.com - Rivaldo quits Cruzeiro over firing - Feb. 28, 2004
		Rivaldo failed to settle at the Brazilian champions, who he joined after spending most of the previous 18 months warming the substitutes' bench at Italy's AC Milan.
		He played only 10 competitive games for Cruzeiro, who have made an indifferent start to the season, and scored only two goals, both in last weekend's 7-1 win over Mamore.
		Cruzeiro spokesman Valdir Barbosa said the club had accepted Rivaldo's decision even though he had signed a one-year contract when he joined on January 5.
	edition.cnn.com /2004/SPORT/football/02/28/brazil.cruzeiro (362 words)

	Chronical of Latin American Affairs; September 8, 1994
		That in turn paved the way for the introduction of a new currency, the "real," which was to be pegged in value to the US dollar once it began circulating.
		As the value of the cruzeiro real continued to plummet during those months, the daily-adjusted URV remained constant against the US dollar.
		In fact, since the real was introduced, the government has driven down the price of the dollar to 0.85 real, in effect overvaluing the real to discourage deposits from overseas by investors seeking to take advantage of Brazil's high interest rates.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/claea/h94/claea.19940908.html (2699 words)

	Coin Collecting - Modern currencies and countries (A-F) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A "bit" was one eight of the coin, "two bits" was one fourth.
		The cruzeiro real replaced the cruzeiro (Cr$) at the rate of 1,000 cruzeiro to 1 cruzeiro real on August 2, 1993.
		The real replaced the cruzeiro real on July 1, 1994 at the rate of 2,750 cruzeiro real to 1 real (a rate par to the U.S. $ on that date).
	www.fleur-de-coin.com /e-library/currencies.asp?sec=6 (5236 words)

	Brazilian Real and Brazil currency information including currency exchange rates
		The real replaced the previous "cruzeiro," which had been the monetary unit since 1942.
		It is important to look for changes in real GDP growth in the nationfs primary industries: agriculture, industry and services.
		As seen in the graph of real GDP growth, the measure is rather volatile.
	www.gocurrency.com /countries/brazil.htm (691 words)

	[No title]
		currency_name for BRL msgid "Brazilian Real" msgstr "brazil real" #.
		currency_name for BRB msgid "Brazilian Cruzeiro" msgstr "brazil cruzeiro" #.
		currency_name for BRR msgid "Brazilian Cruzeiro Real" msgstr "brazil cruzeiro real" #.
	www.iro.umontreal.ca /translation/maint/iso_4217/hu.po (2875 words)

	SI - readmsg.aspx msgid=22235721
		Suddenly, to his great dismay, he realizes he’s been robbed: His stack of money is still there, sitting on the sidewalk.
		Finally, in the early 21st century, Brazil’s newest currency, the real (worth 2,750 of the previous cruzeiro reals), will be stable and even strong.
		And by that time, the cruzeiro coins I’m collecting will be worth precisely one-2,750,000,000,000,000th of their value in 1953.
	www.siliconinvestor.com /readmsg.aspx?msgid=22235721 (2271 words)

	[No title]
		CRUZEIRO: Em 1942, com a inflação durante a 2ª Guerra, o Real vira Cruzeiro e 3 zeros são cortados.
		CRUZEIRO: Em março/90, O Presidente Collor bloqueia as aplicações financeiras e a moeda volta a ser o Cruzeiro.
		CRUZEIRO REAL: Em agosto/93, a moeda fica sem 3 zeros novamente e vira Cruzeiro Real.
	www.ai.com.br /pessoal/indices/MOEDA.HTM (881 words)

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