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| | eMedicine - Prostate Cancer: Cryotherapy : Article by Matthew Cooperberg, MD, MPH |
 | | Cryotherapy exerts its antineoplastic effects via a number of proposed pathways, including direct cytolysis via extracellular and intracellular ice crystal formation, intracellular dehydration and pH changes, ischemic necrosis via vascular injury, cryoactivation of antitumor immune responses, and induction of apoptosis. |
 | | Among patients undergoing cryotherapy for salvage treatment after failure of radiation therapy, the prevalence of incontinence is higher, ranging from 7.9% (Ghafar, 2001) to 95.5% (Bales, 1995), with rates of 20% (Chin, 2001) to 73% (Pisters, 1997) in the largest series. |
 | | Cryotherapy has been offered to such patients if they have no evidence of metastatic disease and their progression is thought to be restricted to persistent or recurrent local cancer. |
| www.emedicine.com /med/topic3539.htm (7579 words) |
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