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Topic: Cryptococcosis

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	Dr. Fungus - Mycoses (Cryptococcosis)
		Cryptococcosis is considered an opportunistic infections as it affects mainly immunosupressed individuals.
		Extra-pulmonary cryptococcosis is the AIDS-defining illness in 5 to 7% of patients with AIDS [88, 438].
		Cryptococcosis in a cancer hospital: clinical and pathological correlates in forty-six patients.
	www.doctorfungus.org /mycoses/human/crypto/Crypto_index.htm (3972 words)

	Canine and Feline Cryptococcosis
		Cryptococcosis is caused by a Gram-positive yeast that has worldwide distribution with an increased incidence in temperate regions such as southern California and Australia.
		Cryptococcosis is the most common fungal disease in cats and should be an important differential diagnosis when a cat presents with sneezing and nasal discharge that is unresponsive to antibiotics.
		Cryptococcosis affects the same four organ systems as with cats, but the CNS and eyes are more commonly involved in dogs than in cats.
	www.vet.uga.edu /vpp/clerk/reynolds (1987 words)

	cryptococcosis on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Acute Respiratory Failure Associated With Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in Non-AIDS Patients(*).
		Treating fungal infections: Guidelines for histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis.
		Pulmonary manifestations of disseminated cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-cryptoco.asp (278 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Cryptococcosis
		Cryptococcosis is an infection caused by inhaling the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans.
		Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection that puts people with immune system diseases at higher risk of developing more serious forms of the disease.
		Another way to diagnose cryptococcosis is to culture a sample of sputum, tissue from a lung biopsy, or CSF in the laboratory to isolate the fungus.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0003/ai_2601000387 (1082 words)

	Cryptococcosis of Cats
		Cryptococcosis in cats is well described and known to occur throughout the world.
		At necropsy, histologic evidence of cryptococcosis was not found in the 3 ketoconazole-treated cats or in 2 of the itraconazole-treated cats.
		Abstract: Cryptococcosis affecting the skin and a lymph node in a 1 1/2-year-old cat was treated successfully with ketoconazole as the sole therapeutic agent.
	www.doctorfungus.org /mycoses/veteri/cryptococcosis_cats.htm (1852 words)

	Mycology Online -- Cryptococcosis
		Cryptococcosis is a chronic, subacute to acute pulmonary, systemic or meningitic disease, initiated by the inhalation of basidiospores and/or desiccated yeast cells of Cryptococcus neoformans.
		In contrast, the distribution of cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus gattii is geographically restricted, non-immunocompromised hosts are usually affected, large mass lesions in lung and/or brain (cryptococcomas) are characteristic and morbidity from neurological disease is high.
		Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in the form of ulcerated lesions or cellulitis occasionally occurs, especially in immunosuppressed patients.
	www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au /Mycoses/Opportunistic/Cryptococcosis (1694 words)

	Cryptococcosis and HIV
		In 1994, the annual prevalence rate of cryptococcosis was calculated to be between 6.1 and 8.5% among HIV-infected individuals in New York City.(23) Although more men are reported to develop cryptococcal disease, the male-to-female ratio is essentially one, when one corrects for the male predominance in HIV infection.
		Although pulmonary cryptococcosis is diagnosed less frequently than meningitis in patients with AIDS, the lung is most likely the portal of entry.(28) Cryptococcal pneumonia may be either asymptomatic or symptomatic, with or without evidence of dissemination.
		Cutaneous cryptococcosis is a sign of dissemination present in approximately 10% of cases and may precede life-threatening disease by several weeks.(39,40) The lesions vary greatly in morphology and mimic many other dermatologic entities.
	hivinsite.ucsf.edu /InSite.jsp?page=kb-05-02-05 (7146 words)

	eMedicine - Cryptococcosis : Article by John W King, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Most cases of cryptococcosis are from serotypes A and D. Serotypes B and C are restricted to tropical and subtropical areas and are isolated from certain species of eucalyptus trees and the air beneath them.
		Although pulmonary cryptococcosis resolves without specific therapy in most patients who are immunocompetent, patients with infections who fall under the remaining 3 categories require antifungal therapy.
		Levitz SM: The ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans and the epidemiology of cryptococcosis.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic482.htm (7462 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 158, Systemic Fungal Diseases (Systemic Mycoses)
		Cryptococcosis is a defining opportunistic infection for AIDS, although patients with Hodgkin's or other lymphomas or sarcoidosis or those receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy are also at increased risk.
		Progressive disseminated cryptococcosis also sometimes affects those who are not obviously immunocompromised, more frequently men > 40 yr.
		In AIDS patients with cryptococcosis, initial treatment with fluconazole was associated with more early deaths than occurred in patients who received amphotericin B. Most cases relapse if treatment is stopped, so chronic suppressive therapy is needed, preferably with fluconazole 200 to 400 mg/day po.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section13/chapter158/158g.jsp (910 words)

	crypto.htm
		In the general population, the incidence of cryptococcosis is 0.2 to 0.9 per 100,000 persons.
		The incidence of cryptococcosis among people with AIDS is 2 to 4 per 1,000 persons (3).
		The symptoms and signs of cryptococcosis are common in many other conditions (7).
	www.austin.cc.tx.us /microbio/2704g/crypto.htm (1027 words)

	Merck Vet. Edition - Cryptococcosis
		Cryptococcosis is most common in dogs and cats but also occurs in cattle, horses, sheep, goats, birds, and wild animals.
		Bovine cryptococcosis has been associated only with cases of mastitis, and many cows in a herd may be infected.
		Lesions associated with cryptococcosis vary from a gelatinous mass, consisting of numerous organisms with minimal inflammation, to granuloma formation.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/51106.htm (992 words)

	Cryptococcosis - PetPlace.com
		Cryptococcosis is an infectious disease caused by the fungus Cryptococcosis neoformans.
		Contact with infected animals is not a concern because the yeast form of the organism grows in infected tissues and does not become aerosolized.
		The diagnosis of cryptococcosis is based on history, clinical symptoms, microscopic examination of exudates, serologic tests and biopsy if necessary.
	petplace.netscape.com /articles/artShow.asp?artID=128 (661 words)

	CRYPTOCOCCOSIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cryptococcosis by William G. Powderly, MD, FRCPI William G. Powderly, MD, FRCPI, is with the Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.
		Opportunistic Fungal Infection by Makoto Miyaji, M.D. Opportunistic fungal infections:Filamentous fungi and cryptococcosis Carol A. Kauffman, MD Sara Hedderwick, MRCP - Geriatrics
		Smoking and Risk of Cryptococcosis in Patients With AIDS To the editor.--Disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infection (DCI) is the most common invasive fungal disease and the third most common central nervous system disorder in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.....
	www.edae.gr /cryptococcosis.html (2624 words)

	Dr. Koop - Cryptococcosis
		Cryptococcosis is a rare fungal infection caused by inhaling the fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans.
		Once inhaled, infection with cryptococcosis may heal on its own, remain localized in the lungs, or spread throughout the body (disseminate).
		Most cases occur in people whose resistance to infection is lowered (such as by HIV infection, high doses of corticosteroid medications, cancer chemotherapy, or Hodgkin's disease).
	www.drkoop.com /ency/93/001328.html (294 words)

	Dr. Fungus - Mycoses (CNS Cryptococcosis)
		Even though the route of entry of Cryptococcus neoformans to the body is the respiratory tract, CNS infection is by far the most frequent manifestation of cryptococcosis.
		It was estimated that during the same period cryptococcosis decreased the survival of AIDS patients by 2 years, regardless of the absolute number of CD4 lymphocytes [1047].
		In vitro data have shown that posaconazole is a fungicidal and effective anticryptococcal agent with a promising role for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis [779, 2426].
	doctorfungus.com /mycoses/human/crypto/CNS_Crypto.htm (4197 words)

	Cutaneous cryptococcosis
		Cutaneous cryptococcosis, caused by the encapsulated yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans, is generally associated with concomitant systemic infection.
		Cryptococcosis is a systemic infection caused by the encapsulated yeast, Cryptococcus neorformans.
		The mortality of disseminated cryptococcosis is 70-80% in untreated patients compared with 17% treated with systemic anti-fungal agents.(4,6) Again, it is critical to commence a thorough investigation into any cutaneous lesion in high risk individuals in order to initiate rapid therapy.
	www.mf.uni-lj.si /acta-apa/acta-apa-02-4/2.html (1277 words)

	Cryptococcosis - WSAVA 2002
		Although the cryptococcosis affects several animal species (domestic and wild), dogs and cats are more susceptible to the disease showing characteristic clinical signs.
		The canine cryptococcosis in seen in adult animals from one to seven years of age and among these four years old or younger animals are over represented.
		The nasal planum deformity is a true stigma, among the lesions seen in cats with cryptococcosis.
	www.vin.com /proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2002&PID=2548 (1436 words)

	USAEHA TG No. 142 December 1992
		Cryptococcosis is usually associated with pigeon droppings at elevated roost sites; histoplasmosis with bird and bat droppings on soil under roosts.
		Cryptococcosis is acquired by inhaling the yeast-like vegetative cells of the organism.
		The risk of contracting cryptococcosis is not related to the age of the excrement.
	chppm-www.apgea.army.mil /ento/tg142.htm (4449 words)

	Cryptococcosis
		It is possible that the main title of the report Cryptococcosis is not the name you expected.
		Cryptococcosis is caused by a fungus known as Filobasidiella Neoformans or Cryptococcosis Neoformans.
		Cryptococcosis may appear in various forms depending on how the infection is acquired.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/nord384.asp (487 words)

	Cryptococcosis
		Cryptococcosis may affect various areas of the body, usually depending on how the fungal infection is acquired.
		In some forms of Cryptococcosis, symptoms may be limited to the lungs, or on the skin it may resemble acne.
		Cryptococcosis is caused by a fungus known as Filobasidiella Neoformans or Cryptococcus Neoformans.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord384.htm (1072 words)

	Final Diagnosis -- Case 57
		Cryptococcosis may occur in patients with underlying diseases which have endogenous increases in corticosteroid production or require exogenous corticosteroid therapy, for example, sarcoidosis, Cushing's syndrome, and collagen vascular diseases.
		The prostate, kidneys, lymph nodes, bone and skin may be involved in disseminated cryptococcosis.
		Cryptococcosis in the Era of AIDS - 100 Years after the Discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans.
	path.upmc.edu /cases/case57/dx.html (918 words)

	Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in the Immunocompetent Host : Therapy With Oral Fluconazole: A Report of Four Cases and a ...
		Dromer, F, Mathoulin, S, Dupont, B, et al (1996) Comparison of the efficacy of amphotericin B and fluconazole in the treatment of cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: retrospective analysis of 83 cases.
		Nakashima, M (1989) The clinical study of fluconazole against pulmonary mycosis: effects of fluconazole on pulmonary cryptococcosis and aspergillosis, and its pharmacokinetics in patients.
		Perkins, W (1969) Pulmonary cryptococcosis: report on the treatment of nine cases.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/118/2/527 (3556 words)

	Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in Nonimmunocompromised Patients -- Nadrous et al. 124 (6): 2143 -- Chest
		Levitz, SM (1991) The ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans and the epidemiology of cryptococcosis.
		Nunez, M, Peacock, JE, Jr, Chin, R, Jr Pulmonary cryptococcosis in the immunocompetent host: therapy with oral fluconazole: a report of four cases and a review of the literature.
		Dromer, F, Mathoulin, S, Dupont, B, et al Comparison of the efficacy of amphotericin B and fluconazole in the treatment of cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: retrospective analysis of 83 cases; French Cryptococcosis Study Group.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/124/6/2143 (2087 words)

	Cryptococcosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Doses of fluconazole ranging from 400 mg once a week to 200 mg daily are effective as prophylaxis against cryptococcosis; however, doses of <200 mg daily may be less effective in suppressing Candida infections, and fluconazole may not prevent Histoplasma infection.
		Patients who complete initial therapy for cryptococcosis should be administered lifelong suppressive treatment with fluconazole.
		Prophylaxis with fluconazole or itraconazole should not be initiated during pregnancy because of the low incidence of cryptococcal disease, the lack of a recommendation for primary prophylaxis against cryptococcosis in nonpregnant adults, and the potential for adverse effects of these drugs during pregnancy.
	www.hivpositive.com /f-Oi/OppInfections/mm07-97/mmD-Cryptococco.html (267 words)

	Cryptococcosis - Patient UK
		Cryptococcosis - Patient UK PatientPlus articles are written for doctors and so the language can be technical.
		With the spread of AIDS, cryptococcosis is increasing and now represents a common cause of infection and death in these patients.
		Other organs that may be involved in disseminated cryptococcosis are the skin, prostate, and medullary cavity of bones.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40000472 (1622 words)

	Cryptococcosis
		Cryptococcosis may be limited to the lungs, but frequently spreads throughout the body.
		Once the cryptococcosis infection has been successfully treated, individuals may be left with a variety of neurologic symptoms, such as weakness, headache, and hearing or visual loss.
		Powderly, William G. "Cryptococcosis." Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/cryptococcosis.jsp (1680 words)

	Cutaneous cryptococcosis in a diabetic renal transplant recipient -- Gupta et al. 53 (5): 445 -- Journal of Medical ...
		Cutaneous cryptococcosis in a diabetic renal transplant recipient -- Gupta et al.
		Borton, L. and Wintroub, B. Disseminated cryptococcosis presenting as herpetiform lesions in a homosexual man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
		Crounse, R. and Lerner, A. Cryptococcosis case with unusual skin lesions and favourable response to amphotericin B therapy.
	jmm.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/5/445 (2510 words)

	Cryptococcosis - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in a lung transplant recipient.(Case Report) : An article from: Southern Medical Journal
		Torula infection in man: A group of cases, characterized by chronic lesions of the central nervous system, with clinical symptoms suggestive of cerebral...
		Pathology of experimental cryptococcosis;: A study of course and tissue response in subcutaneously induced infection in mice (Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica)
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /cryptococcosis.htm (112 words)

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