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Topic: Cryptococcus neoformans

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	Cryptococcus Species
		Cryptococcus neoformans should be differentiated from other clinically encountered yeasts, such as Blastoschizomyces, Geotrichum, Malassezia, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, and Trichosporon.
		Cryptococcus differs from Rhodotorula by assimilating inositol, and from Candida glabrata by assimilating inositol and being urease positive [1280].
		Cryptococcus neoformans as a cause of lytic bone lesions.
	www.doctorfungus.org /thefungi/Cryptococcus.htm (1301 words)

	Cryptococcus neoformans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeastlike fungus that can live in both plants and animals.
		This species, also known by its teleomorph name, Filobasidiella neoformans, belongs to the broad class of organisms called "club fungi" or Division Basidiomycota, which is one the five major types of fungi.
		Cryptococcus gattii has recently been shown to be different enough from other subspecies to be elevated to its own species level.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cryptococcus_neoformans (489 words)

	Experimental modulation of capsule size in Cryptococcus neoformans
		neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that is acquired from the environment during mammalian infection.
		Strain variation in phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans: dissociation of susceptibility to phagocytosis from activation and binding of opsonic fragments of C3.
		Zaragoza O, Taborda CP, Casadevall A. The efficacy of complement-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans is dependent on the location of C3 in the polysaccharide capsule and involves both direct and indirect C3-mediated interactions.
	www.biologicalprocedures.com /bpo/arts/1/68/m68.htm (3890 words)

	What Makes Cryptococcus neoformans a Pathogen?
		Cryptococcosis, with emphasis on the significance of isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from the respiratory tract.
		Wang Y, Casadevall A. Susceptibility of melanized and nonmelanized Cryptococcus neoformans to nitrogen- and oxygen-derived oxidants.
		Biochemical and molecular characterization of the diphenol oxidase of Cryptococcus neoformans: identification as a laccase.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol4no1/buchanan.htm (6683 words)

	Characterization of a Murine Monoclonal Antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans Polysaccharide That Is a Candidate for ...
		Characterization of a Murine Monoclonal Antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans Polysaccharide That Is a Candidate for Human Therapeutic Studies -- Casadevall et al.
		Tucker, S. C., Casadevall, A. Replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in macrophages is accompanied by phagosomal permeabilization and accumulation of vesicles containing polysaccharide in the cytoplasm.
		A Cryptococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Mimotope Prolongs the Survival of Mice with Cryptococcus neoformans Infection.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/42/6/1437 (1079 words)

	Biodiversity - A Peach of a Pathogen: Cryptococcus neoformans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Biodiversity - A Peach of a Pathogen: Cryptococcus neoformans
		If you examined Cryptococcus neoformans under a microscope you would see round or oval shaped yeast cells, which are often referred to as 'basidiomycete' yeast.
		neoformans begins when two cells, each carrying one complement of their genetic information (a state in which they are called haploid), encounter one another and, as a result, fuse.
	www.bioteach.ubc.ca /Biodiversity/APeachOfAPathogen (1577 words)

	Characterization of a Murine Monoclonal Antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans Polysaccharide That Is a Candidate for ...
		Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A glucuronoxylomannan-protein conjugate vaccines: synthesis, characterization, and immunogenicity.
		Molecular characterization of the antibody responses to Cryptococcus neoformans infection and glucuronoxylomannan-tetanus toxoid conjugate immunization.
		Monoclonal antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide modify the course of intravenous infection in mice.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/42/6/1437 (5620 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Cryptococcosis
		Cryptococcosis is a rare fungal infection caused by inhaling the fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans.
		Cryptococcus neoformans, the fungus that causes this disease, is ordinarily found in soil.
		Cryptococcus is one of the most common life-threatening fungal infections in AIDS patients.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001328.htm (483 words)

	SGTC: Cryptococcus neoformans project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Cryptococcus neoformans Genome Project is a collaboration among scientists at two centers: the Stanford Genome Technology Center (SGTC) and the Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR).
		At that time, the reads were assembled, and the results of the assembly (contigs-in-progress; hereafter called contigs) were posted on this website and on TIGR's website.
		Physical maps for genome analysis of serotype A and D strains of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.
	sequence-www.stanford.edu /group/C.neoformans (472 words)

	eMedicine - Cryptococcosis : Article by John W King, MD
		C neoformans var neoformans, which is recovered from aged pigeon feces, bird nests, and guano, invariably is serotype A or D. Although serotypes A and D occur in high concentrations in the pigeon feces, the fungus does not infect the birds.
		The distribution of C neoformans var gattii is tropical and subtropical and is associated with exposure to the river red gum tree (ie, E camaldulensis) and the forest red gum tree (ie, E tereticornis).
		Levitz SM: The ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans and the epidemiology of cryptococcosis.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic482.htm (7462 words)

	When There Is a Fungus Among Us, What Makes it Virulent? -- Ma and Mody 26 (3): 273 -- American Journal of Respiratory ...
		Cryptococcus neoformans is ~ 5 µm in diameter and surrounded by a glucan-based cell wall (5).
		Cryptococcus neoformans reduces T lymphocyte proliferation by reducing phagocytosis, which can be restored with anticapsular antibody.
		Isolation of the URA5 gene from Cryptococcus neoformans var.
	ajrcmb.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/3/273 (2218 words)

	First Identification of Autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii Isolated from Goats with Predominantly Severe ...
		Cryptococcus neoformans is a capsulated yeast with a worldwide distribution.
		neoformans that causes infection in animals is scarce (11).
		Infections with Cryptococcus neoformans in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/36/2/458 (1848 words)

	Cryptococcus neoformans cDNA Sequencing
		Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that infects the human host via the respiratory tract where it usually causes an inapparent infection.
		The Cryptococcus neoformans serotypes A and D are responsible for the overwhelming majority of pulmonary infections in AIDS patients.
		Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A database at the Whitehead Institute, Boston
	www.genome.ou.edu /cneo.html (898 words)

	Dynamic changes in the morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans during murine pulmonary infection -- Feldmesser et al. 147 ...
		Characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide that is a candidate for human therapeutic studies.
		Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen in murine pulmonary infection.
		Mukherjee, J., Casadevall, A. and Scharff, M. Molecular characterization of the humoral responses to Cryptococcus neoformans infection and glucuronoxylomannan-tetanus toxoid conjugate immunization.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/147/8/2355 (4727 words)

	Cryptococcus neoformans melanin and virulence: mechanism of action -- Wang et al. 63 (8): 3131 -- Infection and Immunity
		Cryptococcus neoformans melanin and virulence: mechanism of action -- Wang et al.
		Nosanchuk, J. D., Casadevall, A. Budding of melanized Cryptococcus neoformans in the presence or absence of L-dopa.
		Alspaugh, J. A., Perfect, J. R., Heitman, J. Cryptococcus neoformans mating and virulence are regulated by the G-protein alpha subunit GPA1 and cAMP.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/63/8/3131 (1149 words)

	Mycology Online -- Cryptococcus
		Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated basidiomycete yeast-like fungus with a predilection for the respiratory and nervous system of humans and animals.
		neoformans affects immunocompromised hosts predominantly and is the commonest cause of fungal meningitis; worldwide, 7-10% of patients with AIDS are affected.
		This species is found in nature in avian excreta, especially weathered pigeon droppings, which are believed to be the source of infection.
	www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au /Fungal_Descriptions/Yeasts/Cryptococcus/C_neoformans.html (421 words)

	Difference in FKS1 Gene Sequences between Serotypes A and D of Cryptococcus neoformans -- Tanaka et al. 41 (9): 4457 -- ...
		Hybrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans.
		Antigenic characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans serotypes and its application to serotyping of clinical isolates.
		Serotype AD strains of Cryptococcus neoformans are diploid or aneuploid and are heterozygous at the mating-type locus.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/41/9/4457 (1288 words)

	Cryptococcus neoformans induces alterations in the cytoskeleton of human brain microvascular endothelial cells -- Chen ...
		Cryptococcus neoformans induces alterations in the cytoskeleton of human brain microvascular endothelial cells -- Chen et al.
		Cryptococcus neoformans induces alterations in the cytoskeleton of human brain microvascular endothelial cells
		Controls without Cryptococcus B3501 cells (a, c) and HBMEC preincubated with Cryptococcus cells for 2 h before phalloidin–rhodamine staining (b, d) in the absence (a, b) or presence (c, d) of sodium vanadate are shown.
	jmm.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/11/961 (5416 words)

	Cryptococcus H99 Sequence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Our group is interested in the genomic structure of Cryptococcus, in the diversity in the population of Cryptococcus, and in comparison of Cryptococcus Serotype A and Serotype D (currently be sequenced at Stanford University by Richard Hyman and Ron Davis, http://www-sequence.stanford.edu">http://www-sequence.stanford.edu and at TIGR by Claire Fraser and Brendan Loftus http://www.tigr.org">http://www.tigr.org) and other serotypes.
		In the course of this work we are generating a significant amount of C. neoformans serotype A sequence and are delighted to make it available to the research community in a searchable format.
		If you are interested in using this data for whole genome purposes such as whole genome expression analysis, whole genome comparisons, evolutionary studies, or structure of the Cryptococcus genome then we ask that you please contact us in regards for using this data for these types of projects.
	cneo.genetics.duke.edu (387 words)

	Sexual Health > Sex Determining Genes of Infectious Fungus Resemble Human Y Chromosome
		Regions of the genome that determine the sexual identity of the infectious fungus Cryptococcus neoformans bear striking similarities to the human Y chromosome -- the sex chromosome associated with male characteristics -- the team found.
		The researchers reconstructed the sequential evolutionary events that fashioned the sex-determining region of the C. neoformans genome by comparing it to that region in the related pathogenic fungal species, Cryptococcus grubii and Cryptococcus gattii.
		A single fungal mating type spurs the vast majority of all C. neoformans infections, he explained, suggesting that sex determination and virulence are closely linked.
	www.emaxhealth.com /cms/?m=show&id=1523 (824 words)

	PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the Phospholipase B (PLB1) Gene for Subtyping of Cryptococcus ...
		Isolation and characterisation of thepPhospholipase B gene of Cryptococcus neoformans var.
		Molecular typing of global isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA: a pilot study to standardize techniques on which to base a detailed epidemiological survey.
		Prospective use of RFLP analysis on amplified Cryptococcus neoformans URA5 gene sequences for rapid identification of varieties and serotypes in clinical samples.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/4/2080 (3076 words)

	The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans -- Panepinto et ...
		Williamson, P.R. Biochemical and molecular characterization of the diphenol oxidase of Cryptococcus neoformans: identification as a laccase.
		Suvarna, K., Bartiss, A., and Wong, B. Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from Cryptococcus neoformans is a zinc-containing long-chain alcohol/polyol dehydrogenase.
		Identification and characterization of the Cryptococcus neoformans phosphomannose isomerase-encoding gene, MAN1, and its impact on pathogenicity.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/115/3/632 (6559 words)

	Cell identity and sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans are controlled by the mating-type-specific homeodomain ...
		Cell identity and sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans are controlled by the mating-type-specific homeodomain protein Sxi1alpha -- Hull et al.
		neoformans were created by incubating strains of the same mating type in the presence of a helper strain as a pheromone donor (see Materials and Methods for details).
		Alspaugh, J.A., Davidson, R.C., and Heitman, J. Morphogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/16/23/3046 (5486 words)

	Novel Chimeric Spermidine Synthase-Saccharopine Dehydrogenase Gene (SPE3-LYS9) in the Human Pathogen Cryptococcus ...
		Cryptococcus neoformans Ilv2p confers resistance to sulfometuron methyl and is required for survival at 37°C and in vivo.
		Williamson, P. Laccase and melanin in the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans.
		Molecular and genetic analysis of the Cryptococcus neoformans MET3 gene and a met3 mutant.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/3/3/752 (6145 words)

	Cryptococcus neoformans Genome Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		TIGR is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to implement a large scale sequencing project of Cryptococcus neoformans.
		A brief summary of the Cryptococcus neoformans genome project and a description of the organism.
		All publicly available Cryptococcus neoformans ESTs as well as transcripts from Genbank have been assembled into contigs and built into the Cryptococcus Gene Index (CrGI).
	www.tigr.org /tdb/e2k1/cna1 (142 words)

	Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans Temperature-Regulated Genes with a Genomic-DNA Microarray -- Kraus et al. 3 ...
		Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans Temperature-Regulated Genes with a Genomic-DNA Microarray -- Kraus et al.
		Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans Temperature-Regulated Genes with a Genomic-DNA Microarray
		Cryptococcus neoformans during growth at 37°C. Genes with
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/3/5/1249 (324 words)

	ScienceDaily: White Collar Proteins Help Fungi Do It In The Dark
		In this study, the authors searched the C. neoformans genome for genes with similar evolutionary origins to these two genes (called homologs), as well as others implicated in light sensing, and identified Basidiomycete white collar 1, or BWC1, along with other light-sensor candidates, including an opsin and a phytochrome homolog.
		Together, the two influence transcript levels of two key genes required for C. neoformans mating, further strengthening the case that the pair function as a transcription factor as do their homologs in N. crassa.
		The authors suggest that the ultraviolet protection afforded by the White collar system may have been crucial to the evolutionary diversification of this kingdom, in particular when ultraviolet radiation on the earth's surface was higher than it is today, such as when life emerged from the sea and colonized the barren continents.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/03/050328174027.htm (1230 words)

	A 34- to 38-kilodalton Cryptococcus neoformans glycoprotein produced as an exoantigen bearing a glycosylated ...
		A 34- to 38-kilodalton Cryptococcus neoformans glycoprotein produced as an exoantigen bearing a glycosylated species-specific epitope -- Hamilton et al.
		A 34- to 38-kilodalton Cryptococcus neoformans glycoprotein produced as an exoantigen bearing a glycosylated species-specific epitope
		Chen, L.-C., Goldman, D. L., Doering, T. L., Pirofski, L.-a., Casadevall, A. Antibody Response to Cryptococcus neoformans Proteins in Rodents and Humans.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/60/1/143 (431 words)

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