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Topic: Cryptodira

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Turtle

	ETI - Turtles of the World: Classification
		Two modern megaorders of turtles have arisen from early casichelydians in the Triassic and Jurassic: the Pleurodira and the Cryptodira.
		Surprisingly, these turtles appear in the fossil record an entire period (about 50 million years) later than the cryptodirans: the earliest known pleurodiran fossils are Notoemys laticentralis and Platychelys oberndorfi from the Late Jurassic.
		The Cryptodira continued as the main evolutionary line of turtles, with the Pleurodira appearing as an aberrant but structurally conservative side branch.
	www.eti.uva.nl /Turtles/Turtles2.html (316 words)

	! Rainforest Turtles ! Tropical Rainforest, North Queensland, Australia
		The two different types are based on how they pull their head into their shell, which is based on the morphology.
		The suborder Cryptodira contain the 'hidden-necked' turtles that retract their necks, while the suborder Pluerodira contains the `Side-necked turtles' that retract their neck with a sideways motion.
		The first group is represented in Australian territory by the marine turtles and the strange 'pig-nosed turtle'.
	www.rainforest-australia.com /rainforest_turtles.htm (1063 words)

	Space: 1999 - The Forsaken Excerpt One
		Six Cryptodira males were crushed beyond recognition when the roof cone of a nearby edifice broke free of restraints and smashed its murderous way into a gathering place.
		Some of the constructions were built strong, laboriously reinforced, and a few of the Cryptodira had good fortune, fortuitously positioned in close proximity to the under-dwellings, the tubes and tunnels that crisscrossed the city's sub-structure.
		The tunnels were dark and long with no end in sight, but the Cryptodira who found their way to the passages trudged on with determination, leaving behind the unforgettable horror of destroyed buildings, crushed bodies and dead citizens.
	www.cerebralmassage.com /Powys/Space1999/book2excerpt1.html (820 words)

	Dr. Robert Wochesländer
		Kinematics of terrestrial and aquatic feeding in Cuora amboinensis (Chelonia, Cryptodira).
		The feeding mechanism of Testudo hermanni boettgeri shows the typical situation of a turtle which is fully adjusted to terrestrial life.
		Feeding of Testudo hermanni boettgeri was studied by film analysis and anatomical examination of the musculature and skeleton elements involved.
	www.univie.ac.at /anatomy/wocheslaender.htm (1308 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		The order Chelonia is divided into two suborders: the Cryptodira, comprising species that pull their heads into the shell by a telescoping movement of the neck; and the Pleurodira, comprising freshwater species that hide their heads by bending the neck sideways.
		Found only in the temperate or tropical zones, most species are adapted to a freshwater or terrestrial habitat, and a small group to sea life.
		In American usage the term tortoise refers only to species of a terrestrial, or land-inhabiting, family, belonging to the Cryptodira; all other members of the order are called turtles.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/animals/turtle.html (1135 words)

	INDICE DE AUTORES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This Family is icluded in the infraorder Cryptodira.
		After the study of a new specimen of Notoemys laticentralis from the Vaca Muerta Formation (Tithonian), Neuquén province, Argentina, we propose to include this taxon in the infraorder Pleurodira.
		The Family probably represents an early group near Glyptopsidae, and will be useful for the study of the early evolution of turtles.
	web.usal.es /~geologia/Studia/v6e.html (318 words)

	Space1999.org - Homage to the "Space: 1999" science fiction series
		Creating the Cryptodira was difficult, and did take painstaking research, because Mateo and I felt that the aliens had to be more than the "alien of the week." I did a great deal of research on Aztec culture: their poetry, music and so forth, and then mixed that with other data I had.
		I wanted the Cryptodira to be deliberate, graceful and a bit slow, so turtles seemed the obvious selection.
		For me, the Cryptodira were interesting mainly in the ways the Alphans related to them and the differences in the cultures.
	www.space1999.org /features/articles_interviews/muir_theforsaken_interview1.html (3504 words)

	Turtles and crocs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cryptodira retract the head into the shell by bending the neck in a
		in Cryptodira there is no fusion, but sutures attaching the shell to the girdle.
		The carapace is composed by dermal bone (59 centers of ossification).
	www.fiu.edu /~acaten01/turcro2.html (1081 words)

	Journal of Paleontology: DEVELOPING A PROTOCOL FOR THE CONVERSION OF RANK-BASED TAXON NAMES TO PHYLOGENETICALLY DEFINED ...
		Discussion.-'Cryptodira' was first used by Cope in 1868 in association with, as the name implies, a group of turtles that withdraws the head backwards, typically hiding the neck inside the shell during head retraction, in contrast to 'Pleurodira,' which bend their necks laterally.
		Unfortunately, the limits of Cope's (1868) Cryptodira are not quite clear because he failed to describe specific defining characters or specify the composition of this taxon.
		Later authors excluded additional taxa from 'Cryptodira,' especially soft-shelled turtles (e.g., Boulenger, 1889; Lydekker, 1889; Siebenrock, 1909), but eventually Nopcsa (1923) affirmatively united all of these taxa to establish the modern name application of Cryptodira as the clade of turtles that includes all living turtles with vertical neck retraction.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200409/ai_n9448252/pg_10 (1170 words)

	Space: 1999 - The Forsaken Excerpt Three
		The Cryptodira may be a dying race, but we'll be just as dead if we pass up an opportunity such as this."
		No matter how inadvertent our actions were, they changed that planet forever, and spurred the extinction of a culture that has existed for millions of years.
		Based on the commander's report, the Cryptodira are a friendly people who don't deserve to die.
	www.cerebralmassage.com /Powys/Space1999/book2excerpt3.html (547 words)

	CHELONIAN FAMILIES
		The order is divided into two suborders, the Cryptodira (those chelonians that can pull their heads inside the shell by bending the neck in a vertical "S" shape), and the Pleurodira (the other chelonians, who pull their heads in by bending their necks in a horizontal "S" shape).
		This latter group, which is much smaller in numbers than the Cryptodira, is sometimes referred to collectively as "sideneck turtles".
		Below this, the suborders are divided into four and one superfamilies respectively, with the exception of the Chelydridae (Snapping Turtles) and the Chelidae (Australo-American Sideneck Turtles) who form their own families outside the superfamilies.
	www.cyberlizard.plus.com /chelonian_families.htm (771 words)

	Molecular Evidence for Higher Relationships Among Turtles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Only a few of the deepest branches within the Cryptodira (hidden-necked turtles) could not be determined.
		Sixteen of 21 higher groups proposed for living turtles by Gaffney and Meylan (1988--the basis for many of the TOL turtle pages) are included in the tree based on combined evidence.
		Within the Cryptodira, the Testudinoidea (sensu Gaffney, 1984; Gaffney, and Meylan, 1988) is only weakly supported which is surprising given the virtually universal acceptance of this group (Williams, 1950; Bickham and Carr, 1983; for more see Gaffney, 1984).
	tolweb.org /accessory/Turtle_Molecular_Phylogeny?acc_id=583 (1036 words)

	Jonah's Sea Turtle Sanctuary
		Of the 16 Orders of reptiles that evolved during the last 310 million years, that of the Testudines, or turtles, is one of only four that remain today (the three other Orders are Crocodilia (alligators, caimans and crocodiles), Squamata (snakes and lizards) and Rhyncocephala (Tuataras).
		The Sub-Order Cryptodira, or the straight-necked turtles, bend their necks in a vertical S when they pull their heads into the shell.
		The Cryptodira is the largest Sub-Order, comprising 11 Families, which include 2 Families of living sea turtles.
	www.justcallmekate.com /jonah/base.html (3705 words)

	Burnt Ice - Chapter 6
		A Cryptodira is a subspecies for Chelonia, the genetic name for turtle, that pull their heads into the shells by ‘telescoping movement’ of the neck.
		I find that the name ‘Cryptodira Sapian’ is better than a mutant biped turtle.
		Later that evening, we all watched the channel 6 news, there had been a substitute reporter for the extent of my time with the turtles, but now the real reporter was back, apparently she was doing research in Texas, a place where I believe I lived for a period of time.
	www.fortunecity.com /lavendar/kane/388/burntice6.html (924 words)

	Sea Turtle, Inc. - protection of Kemp's Ridley sea turtles
		This large group is subdivided into two major groups.
		One group, the Cryptodira, are able to draw their head and neck into their shell for protection.
		The Pleurodira, or side-necked and snake-necked turtles are not able to do this, but instead turn the head and neck to the side.
	www.seaturtleinc.com /turtles.html (928 words)

	Cryptodira [Cryptodiramorpha]
		<==o Cryptodira Dumeril and Bibron, 1835 [non Cope, 1871] [Cryptodiramorpha Lee, 1995 sensu Parham and Hutchison, 2003] (pystytaivuttajat) -- †Kayentachelys aprix [Kayentachelyidae] -- †Indochelys spatulata Datta, Manna, Ghosh and Das, 2000 [Indochelyidae Datta, Manna, Ghosh and Das, 2000] `--o Selmacryptodira Gaffney, Hutchinson, Jenkins and Meeker, 1987 -- †Paracryptodira [=?
		leptis” [Sukhanov and Narmandakh, in press] [nomen nudum] `-- Polycryptodira [Cryptodira sensu Parham and Hutchison, 2003] (Recent cryptodirans; nykypystytaivuttajat)
		Joyce, W. G., 2000: The first complete skeleton of Solnhofia parsonsi (Cryptodira, Eurysternidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Germany and its taxonomic implications.
	www.fmnh.helsinki.fi /users/haaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/Reptilia/Parareptilia/Cryptodira.htm (443 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 200.500 Anapsida: Cryptodira
		Cryptodira: snapping turtles, soft-shells, tortoises and sea turtles.
		Links: Turtle, Tuatara, Crocodile Checklist--3; Halsbergers (Cryptodira); \Snapping Turtle Page\ - information and photo gallery page; WIEM: Zólwie skrytoszyjne (Polish); Higher Relationships of Testudines; Mongoleus; Order Testudines (Czech and English); Higher Reptile Taxa; Testudines; Cryptodira; Basal Cryptodira (Mikko's phylogeny); CRYPTODIRA (very nice summary of paleodiversity); APUS.RU
		Подотряд Скрытошейные ·черепахи - Cryptodira; Halsbergerschildkröten (Cryptodira)- Kriechtiere (a remarkable set of links); Phylogeny of Turtles/Dr. E.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/Unit200/500.html (223 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sandownia harrisi, a highly derived trionychoid turtle (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Early Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England
		This specimen is one of the oldest known cryptodiran turtles that nests within the living families (the Polycryptodira).
		It suggests that the deep divergences among the living families of the Cryptodira occurred more than 110 million years ago.
	www.vertpaleo.org /jvp/20-522-532.html (219 words)

	Order Chelonia or Testudines (Turtles & Tortoises)
		Cryptodira: Chelydridae (American snapping turtles, in which the plastron is greatly reduced)
		Cryptodira: Emydidae (freshwater and wood turtles, which make up about 40 percent of the species of the order)
		CNN - Myrtle the turtle speaks up for her species - March 9, 1998
	www.geocities.com /robbinknapp/romdap/rbadvrch.htm (133 words)

	CTTC - Bibliography of the Egyptian Tortoise, Testudo kleinmanni by James Buskirk
		Exquisite colored figures of this and other Mediterranean tortoises accompany an informative, factual account which first points out the winter activity of this species.
		Revision of the African tortoises and turtles of the suborder Cryptodira.
		This excellent account relies heavily on Flower's works and was state-of-the-art until Geffen and Mendelssohn began to publish their findings in the 1980s.
	www.tortoise.org /archives/kleinbib.html (1831 words)

	CCC & STSL :: Scientific Classification of Sea Turtles
		All reptiles have scaly skin, breath air with lungs, and have a three-chambered heart.
		Pleurodira includes side-necked turtles, Cryptodira includes all other living species of turtles and tortoises, and Amphichelydia includes all extinct species.
		Suborder Cryptodira includes freshwater turtles, snapping turtles, tortoises, soft-shelled turtles, and sea turtles.
	www.cccturtle.org /species_class.htm (189 words)

	Genstyle Companion Database Browser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Eukaryota Metazoa Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Euteleostomi Testudines Cryptodira Testudinoidea Bataguridae Mauremys
		Eukaryota Metazoa Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Euteleostomi Testudines Cryptodira Testudinoidea Bataguridae Sacalia
		Eukaryota Metazoa Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Euteleostomi Testudines Cryptodira Testudinoidea Bataguridae Orlitia
	genstyle.imed.jussieu.fr /affichage_esp.php?cherche=Bataguridae (747 words)

	Genstyle Companion Database Browser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Eukaryota Metazoa Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Euteleostomi Testudines Cryptodira Testudinoidea Testudinidae Aldabrachelys
		Eukaryota Metazoa Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Euteleostomi Testudines Cryptodira Testudinoidea Testudinidae Geochelone
		Eukaryota Metazoa Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Euteleostomi Testudines Cryptodira Testudinoidea Emydidae Emys
	genstyle.imed.jussieu.fr /affichage_esp.php?cherche=Testudinoidea (747 words)

	Saving Sea Turtles
		Most reptiles lay eggs, although some produce eggs that hatch internally.
		It is divided into three suborders: Pleurodira (side-necked turtles), Cryptodira (all other living species), and Amphichelydia (extinct species).
		This suborder includes freshwater turtles, snapping turtles, tortoises, soft-shelled turtles, and sea turtles.
	www.savingseaturtles.org /scientificclassification.php (251 words)

	INDICE DE AUTORES
		This is the first record of Viperidae in Argentina and the oldest in South America.
		Fuente, M.S. de la; Santillana, S,N, and Marenssi, S (1995): An Eocene leatherback turtle (Cryptodira; Dermochelyidae) from Seymour Island, Antarctica.
		[Una tortuga de cuero (Cryptodira: Dermochelyidae) de la isla Marambio (Seymour), Antártica.].
	web.usal.es /~geologia/Studia/31.html (948 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Most reptiles lay eggs, although some produce eggs that hatch internally.
		It is divided into three suborders: Pleurodira (side-necked turtles), Cryptodira (all other living species), and Amphichelydia (extinct species).
		This suborder includes freshwater turtles, snapping turtles, tortoises, soft-shelled turtles, and sea turtles.
	extacy.orcon.net.nz /in600/science.htm (251 words)

	The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira). - GAFFNEY, E.S. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira).
		GAFFNEY, E.S. The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira).
		They offer full satisfaction and normal prices - no markups, no hidden costs, no overcharged shipping costs.
	www.antiqbook.nl /boox/lingua/1450536.shtml (62 words)

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