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	Encyclopedia topic: Csound (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Csound is a computer programming language (additional info and facts about computer programming language) for dealing with sound.
		It is called Csound because it is written in the C programming language (additional info and facts about C programming language), as opposed to some of its predecessors.
		Csound was written at MIT (An engineering university in Cambridge) by Barry Vercoe (additional info and facts about Barry Vercoe), based on an earlier language called Music360.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cs/csound.htm (381 words)

	Buzz,VST,CSound (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Csound is potentially the most powerful of all plugins, because it's a whole language unto itself, and it can produce acoustically beautiful results.
		The Csound machine would have to be programmed to get a filename for its orchestra file from somewhere; score lines could come from the tracker patterns (the Csound machine could interpret them either as real-time command-line events or as MIDI events).
		Csound and Buzz are alike in that they are small, free programs that do more than almost all their competition...
	shoko.calarts.edu /pipermail/music-dsp/1999-June/001659.html (930 words)

	17. Csound on BP2 -- a primer
		Csound and BP2 are similar and complementary in their text-oriented, programming approach, with respective emphasis on sound and musical structures.
		A Csound instrument is the procedural representation of computational processes at the lowest level; conversely, a BP2 sound-object is a declarative representation of elementary events and properties at a more abstract level.
		To produce Csound scores it is wiser to design Csound scores in sound-object prototypes rather than rely on a conversion from MIDI which may leave out relevant parameters.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/dada/181/bpdoc/bp2doc-Csound.html (4585 words)

	M station -----> CSound - Iain Duncan - Sept 02
		Csound was originally used to render audio in deferred time, which is a source of many strengths and weaknesses.
		The fact that csound allows one to process signals at a slower sampling rate if they are to be used for courser levels of control helps a lot too, as does the lack of a default graphic interface.
		Csound lets one get down to a very low level, which means that sometimes there might seem to be an awful lot of code involved for something you've never even worried about before with midi gear or soft synths with a lot of user presets or defaults.
	www.mstation.org /csound.php (3225 words)

	Csound FAQ
		Csound is also completely modular, so that any function in Csound can be used in an array of ways.
		When a Csound piece is computed, the information in the p-fields tell which instrument is being played(p1), when an instrument starts(p2) and the duration(p3).
		Csound reports where the errors are located in the compiler log.
	mitpress.mit.edu /e-books/csound/fpage/FAQml/faq/faq.html (1613 words)

	cSounds.com - What is Csound? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The 450 opcodes in the Csound language range in power and complexity from a basic oscil (table-lookup oscillator) and linen (linear envelope generator), to the full-blown waveguide physical modeling family that includes wgbow, wgclar, wgflute, and wgbrass.
		To produce or process a soundfile with Csound, or to play a Csound instrument in real-time, one typically selects the orchestra and score through a simple "launcher" and then clicks on the "render" button to start the program compiling.
		Csound literally transforms a personal computer into a high-end digital audio workstation —; an environment in which the worlds of sound-design, acoustic research, digital audio production and computer music composition all join together in the ultimate expressive instrument.
	www.csounds.com /whatis (666 words)

	BURTON AND PICHÃÂ Cecilia 2.04 sound-design software
		Csound is a programming language for generating and processing sound that has its roots at Bell Labs, where, in the late 1950s, many of the most significant developments in computer-generated sound first occurred.
		Though it was originally developed as a non-real-time application, several new versions of Csound allow you to hear your sounds as they compile (see the Csound home page at http://csounds.com for further details).
		Csound k-rate data is represented in Cecilia with graphs, i-rate data with sliders.
	emusician.com /sftinstruments/emusic_burton_pichcecilia_macwinlinux (2568 words)

	At the Sounding Edge: What's Going On with Csound? \| Linux Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Csound's ease of extensibility has promoted a great broadening of its processing powers, but at the lower levels, the code currently is undergoing a complete revision.
		Classic Csound processes two files created by the user, an orc file, which is the Csound orchestra or the instruments; and the sco file, which is the score performed by the orc file instruments.
		Csound may be the oldest SWSS language that continues to be in constant use, and its recent developments indicate that it will be in constant use a good while longer.
	www.linuxjournal.com /article/8250 (1986 words)

	Synthesis & Csound Support
		Csound is one of the world's leading packages for the software synthesis of sound.
		Csound is available free of charge via Internet download and is distributed for your convenience on disk with CDP Systems.
		Csound has been the subject of a prodigious level of development in the last few years, with a number of important independent versions appearing, in addition to the 'canonical' public version maintained by John Fitch of Bath University, from which the latest version is available for most platforms.
	www.bath.ac.uk /~masjpf/CDP/csinfopg.htm (688 words)

	GameDev.net - A Beginners Guide to Csound (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Csound orchestra corresponds to a sound module and the Csound score corresonds to a MIDI file.
		Output is often generated as a sound file although it is possible to generate output in real time so that a Csound instrument could be played from a MIDI keyboard.
		Rather than specifying the frequencies directly Csound makes use of a system where the whole number portion specifies the octave and the decimal portion specifies the semitone within the octave.
	www.gamedev.net /reference/articles/article907.asp (1336 words)

	Csound - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been developed over many years and currently has a vast amount of opcodes (modules).
		Csound is closely related to the underlying language for the Structured Audio extensions to MPEG-4, SAOL.
		Csound Editor is an integrated programming environment for CSound.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Csound (441 words)

	The Unix CSOUND Command (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		is a command for passing an orchestra file and score file to Csound to generate a soundfile.
		where orchname is a file containing Csound orchestra code, and scorename is a file of score data in standard numeric score format, optionally presorted and time-warped.
		Prepared from the MIT Media Lab Csound Manual, PJN, Nov 1994.
	www.sfu.ca /sca/Manuals/Csound/6/a.html (831 words)

	Sounds Unlimited: A Haskell To CSound Conversion Module
		CSound is a powerful software synthesizer that generates a sound file from two plain text input files - the score and the orchestra.
		Each note statement in CSound should include the instrument to play the note, start time and duration of the note (unit of time in CSound is a beat), and pitch and volume of the note.
		Using pch, a pitch is represented by a decimal number, where the integer part represents the octave number, and the decimal part is the semitone position in the octave (.00 for C to 0.11 for B, with 8.00 being the middle C).
	zoo.cs.yale.edu /classes/cs490/99-00a/zamec.matt.mz32 (10789 words)

	Robin Whittle's Csound page
		Csound is basically a programming language, with "instruments" being separate programs in the Orchestra file, written in the Csound orchestra language.
		This supported Csound orchestra and score files, and with minor changes, the unit generators in C. It was planned to be a much cleaner, more open, better structured program than Csound (which dates back to the early eighties).
		Changes to Csound since I last used it two years ago involve interpreting a backslash character in a.orc file as a command for the current line to be logically continued on the next line.
	www.firstpr.com.au /csound (5908 words)

	Csound for Linux \| Linux Journal
		Linux Csound was as up-to-date as any other version, and the necessary code for MIDI output had been trivial to write, consisting primarily of a few calls to the sound card API macros.
		Cecilia (by Jean Piche and Alexandre Burton at the University of Montreal) is a fully-developed Csound composition and sound-processing environment.
		A Csound score is the control file for a Csound instrument, providing it with such values as event start times, durations, amplitudes and frequencies, waveform selection and so forth.
	www.linuxjournal.com /article.php?sid=3187 (2757 words)

	Digital Cinema Arts-CSound and Houdini
		NOTE: The CHOP CSound score generator extension creates CSound score files which then are used by csound to create the actual audio file.
		The next phase of the project will have the CSound operators built-in to Houdini in such a fashion to allow audio generation without using CSound "externally" from Houdini.
		CSound literally transforms a personal computer into a high-end digital audio workstation — an environment in which the worlds of sound-design, acoustic research, digital audio production and computer music composition all join together in the ultimate expressive instrument.
	www.digitalcinemaarts.com /dev/csound (426 words)

	BERKLEE \| BERKLEE NEWS \| Hearing the Future with CSound
		Csound goes beyond the level of commercial synthesizers where you twist knobs and tweak parameters to make new sounds.
		With new graphical options in Csound, you build the knobs, you decide what they do, how they work, and if you get in deep, you can understand right down to the bare bones, exactly what they are doing.
		The Csound mailing list is an active forum where people at all levels of proficiency ask questions, share code and ideas and work to improve Csound and add new features as the field of sound synthesis advances.
	www.berklee.edu /news/2001/07/csound.html (1790 words)

	Csound Editor - An easy to use Csound frontend (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Csound Editor is an integrated development environment for Csound compilers.
		Edit Csound files, run Csound, launch utilities and manuals using one program.
		Csound Editor is designed to focus on the document and not on the user interface, it does not hide csound code from your view.
	gomba.sourceforge.net /flavio/csound-editor.html (224 words)

	Csound FAQ
		Csound is a software synthesis package in the tradition of so-called music-N languages, among which the best-known is Music V. It consists of an orchestra- and score-driven executable, written in C for portability.
		Csound needs at least two files to read from: the score, which is a kind of event list for scheduling events, and an orchestra which defines how Csound will synthesize thoses events.
		The manual is available with the Csound package, and you may always download a version (postscript or macintosh word) from cecelia.media.mit.edu, pub /pub/Csound.
	timara.con.oberlin.edu /~jtalbert/Web96/emusic/csnd.htm (1453 words)

	Installing Csound for DOS/Windows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In order to use Csound to create music it is convenient to arrange the environment on your PC in a suitable way.
		Csound will print a lot of info to the DOS window, and perhaps (if the orc/sco files are ok) render a WAV file in your soundfile directory (or in the currently active directory if you haven't defined SFDIR as you should).
		Csound in a Windows console, or Winsound, will recognise the output file called devaudio as an attempt to use a sound card for direct output.
	hem.passagen.se /rasmuse/PCinstal.htm (2284 words)

	How-To Control Csound with a Custom Midi Controller: Introduction (1 of 2) - hack a day - www.hackaday.com _
		Csound is a free language for sound synthesis and processing.
		If you are in doubt about which version to grab go to the Csound front page and choose “Execs” and navigate to the download for your operating system or alternatively see the sourceforge page for Csound.
		also, csound doesn't care about the number of spaces (or tab size) as long as there is at least one space between fields.
	www.hackaday.com /entry/1234000027055663 (3091 words)

	Csound Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		For example, the score can tell Csound what pitch to play, how long to hold it, etc. You can also define parameters like vibrato, and the score can tell Csound how much vibrato to use and what frequency it can be.
		Csound has variables just like other computer programs, but Csound's variables are optimized for sound generation, and that requires some explanation.
		Csound will ignore that line, so you can write notes to yourself about what different lines in your program mean.
	www.stolaf.edu /depts/music/elmus/em99/csintro.htm (5353 words)

	Csound forum, newsgroup, message board
		Csound is a programming language designed and optimized for sound rendering and signal processing.
		The language consists of over 450 opcodes - the operational codes that the sound designer uses to build "instruments" or patches.
		Csound 5 RC2 for OSX 10.3 and 10.4
	www.nabble.com /Csound-f480.html (84 words)

	Csound on SourceForge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		And binary and source releases of Mills Csound for MacOS (System 7 through OS 9) are provided.
		CsoundVST - CsoundVST is an extended version of Csound that adds a graphical user interface, C++ and Python APIs, Python scripting, a library of Python extension modules for algorithmic composition, a VST plugin interface, and a Mathematica interface.
		Csound - a traditional distribution of Csound 4.
	csound.sourceforge.net (224 words)

	Csound Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Csound is a public-domain Music Signal Processing language of the MUSIC N family.
		The code is also part of the Csound 5 package in sourceforge CVS and can be built on OSX and Linux using the scons build system.
		Csound 5: Windows binaries, built with MSVC containing the Csound command-line, Csoundapi~ and TclCsound frontends plus opcodes and modules.
	www.nuim.ie /academic/music/musictec/csound (605 words)

	cSounds.com - Official Csound Website
		As the package includes the Csound library as DLLs (with single and double precision floats), as well as any required header files, it is possible to build a host application or plugin opcodes without having to compile Csound.
		From Csound developer Jean Piche, Cecilia is an incredibly versitile frontend for Csound.
		This is a new PD class using the csound API & library, similar to Matt Ingall's csound~ class for MAX/MSP.
	www.csounds.com (3134 words)

	Csound
		There are variable tables to control each choir member, as well as ten parameter fields, many variable arguments within each choir instrument, several EQ settings, several reverb settings, and six individual gain and pan controls.
		There are variable tables to control each choir member, as well as ten parameter fields, many variable arguments within each choir instrument, several EQ settings, several reverb settings, and seven individual gain and pan controls.
		I used the Csound defaults for the "Birds".pcv file, and a window factor of 8 for the "Elephants".
	www.jlpublishing.com /Csound.htm (1524 words)

	SFU's Csound Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This is an ongoing section of the Csound Primer, in which users here at SFU contribute their findings, scores, and orchestras.
		Perhaps because of its history, or because of its power, Csound tends to produce very technical documentation: these files are written by users for users.
		These are the handouts, in HTML form, of Keith Hamel's semester long course on Csound.
	www.sfu.ca /sca/Manuals/Csound/CsoundIndex.html (191 words)

	Debian -- csound (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Csound is a sound and music synthesis system.
		Drawing from over 450 signal processing modules, it can be used to model virtually any synthesizer or multi-effect processor.
		Csound is to sound synthesis as C is to programming.
	packages.debian.org /unstable/sound/csound.html (145 words)

	Csound DX7 Patch Translator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Espace des cloches Csound Orchestra and Score (uses the Gong 1 DX7 patch from this collection)
		Here are all of the DX7 ORC files for all 32 algorithms in his improved versions.
		All of this work is based on several orchestras and scores by Dr. Russell Pinkston, which were distributed in the basic Csound distribution at one time.
	parnasse.com /dx72csnd.shtml (396 words)

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