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Topic: Ctesibius

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270 BC

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	BBC - History - Ctesibius (c.270 BC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ctesibius had the lead counter-balance weight running inside a tube and noticed that the weight sometimes made a whistling noise as the air escaped when the weight moved.
		Ctesibius was also responsible for transforming a legal device into a clock so accurate that it would not be surpassed until the seventeenth century.
		Ctesibius wanted to transform the clepsydra from a device to indicate the end of a given time into a continuously working clock.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/ctesibius.shtml (592 words)

	Ctesibius or Ktesibios of Alexandria
		Ctesibius, whose father was a barber, was born at Alexandria.
		Ctesibius was the son of a barber from Aspondia in Alexandria.
		Ctesibius invented a water organ, which was an air pump with valves on the bottom, a tank of water in between them and a row of pipes on top.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Ctesibius1.htm (1595 words)

	Organ
		As far as the sounding material is concerned, the organ has its prototype in the syrinx, or Pan's pipe, a little instrument consisting of several pipes of differing length tied together in a row.
		The blowing apparatus designed by Ctesibius consisted of two parts, just as in the modern organ; the first serving to compress the air (the "feeders"); the second, to store the compressed air, the "wind", and keep it at a uniform pressure (the "reservoir").
		Ctesibius, the inventor of the hydraulus, and the Venetian Georgius, who built the first organ north of the Alps, have already been mentioned, It is interesting to find a pope among the organ-builders of history: Sylvester II (999-1003), who seems to have built a hydraulic organ (Pretorius, "Syntagma Musicum", II, 92).
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/o/organ.html (5992 words)

	Ctesibius (crater) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ctesibius is a small lunar impact crater that is located near the equator, on the far side of the Moon.
		The outer wall of Ctesibius is wide and sharp-edged, with little erosion.
		A low ridge is attached to the southern rim, and curves to the south-souteast.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Ctesibius_%28crater%29 (143 words)

	Noel Sharkey - Connecting - West India - February2005 - The British Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ctesibius (or Ktesibios) was born around 280 BC and, from his childhood, was very well known for his extraordinary talent and industry.
		Ctesibius having thus observed that by the compression and concussion of the air, sounds might be produced, made use of the discovery in his application of it to hydraulic machines, to those automata which act by the power of enclosed water, to lever and turn engines, and to many other entertaining devices.
		There are many others, of different sorts, which prove that liquids, in a state of pressure from the air, produce many natural effects, as those which imitate the voices of singing birds, and the engibita, which move figures that seem to drink and perform other actions pleasing to the senses of sight and hearing.
	www.britishcouncil.org /india-connecting-feb2005-westindia-noel_sharkey.htm?printout=1 (1408 words)

	Ctesibius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ctesibius (Ktesibius) (working 285 - 222 BC) of Alexandria (Greek Κτησίβιος) was second only to Archimedes as an inventor and mathematician.
		His lost work on the elasticity of air On pneumatics still earns him the title of father of pneumatics, for the first treatises on the science of compressed air and its uses in pumps and even a cannon, are his.
		Even his Memorabilia, a compilation of his research, cited by Athenaeus, is lost.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ctesibius (298 words)

	Ctesibius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thanks to Ctesibius of Alexandria, the Richard of Ahoskie got an organ.
		In it, he updated the mechanics of his predecessors--Hero of Alexander, Ctesibius, and Vitruvius--enhancing their knowledge with new ideas and methods of lifting water.
		Mostly.) I say 2,250 years because my shallow research indicates that Ctesibius of Alexandria, a Greek physicist and inventor who had a badly spelled name, is often credited with having constructed what...
	hallencyclopedia.com /Ctesibius (476 words)

	Ctesibius Of Alexandria -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The discovery of the elasticity of air is attributed to Ctesibius, as is the invention of several devices using compressed air, including force pumps and an air-powered catapult.
		His most famous invention, however, was an improvement of the clepsydra, or water clock, in which water dripping at a constant rate raised a float that held a pointer to mark the passage of the hours.
		Ctesibius' writings have not survived, and his inventions are known only from references to them by Vitruvius and Hero of Alexandria, but he laid the foundations for the engineering tradition that culminated in the works of Hero of Alexandria and of Philo of Byzantium.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9028098 (989 words)

	Ctesibius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ctesibius (working 285 - 222 BCE) of Alexandria was secondonly to Archimedes as an inventor and mathematician.
		His lost work on theelasticity of air On pneumatics still earns him the title of father of pneumatics, for the first treatises on thescience of compressed air and its uses in pumps and even a cannon, are his.
		Unfortunately, very little is known of his life and work.He is said (by Diogenes Laertius?) to have started life as a barber who made a clever counterweighted adjustable mirror.
	www.therfcc.org /ctesibius-215184.html (240 words)

	Ctesibius - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Ctesibius (working 285 - 222 BC) of Alexandria (Greek Κτησίβιος) was second only to Archimedes as an inventor and mathematician.
		Unfortunately, very little is known of his life and work.
		Ctesibius, External link, Ancient mathematicians, Ancient Greeks and Ancient Greek inventors.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Ctesibius (291 words)

	Clocks and Ctesibius
		Ctesibius invented probably one of the first controlled systems in history.
		Like Ctesibius also Philon of Byzantium used a similar float regulator mechanism to keep a constant level of oil in a lamp.
		Ctesibius invented other less known devices, but the most important invention is the principle of pumping air to make other things work
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Clocks.htm (1207 words)

	History of Science, vol 1, A
		Unfortunately, the pupil of Ctesibius, whatever his ingenuity, was a man with a deficient sense of the ethics of science.
		He tells us in his preface that the object of his book is to record some ingenious discoveries of others, together with additional discoveries of his own, but nowhere in the book itself does he give us the, slightest clew as to where the line is drawn between the old and the new.
		Meanwhile, it is tolerably certain that Ctesibius was the discoverer of the principle of the siphon, of the forcing-pump, and of a pneumatic organ.
	manybooks.net /pages/smithhenetext991hsci10/199.html (354 words)

	HYDROMECHANICS - LoveToKnow Article on HYDROMECHANICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The siphon is a simple instrument; but the forcing-pump is a complicated invention, which could scarcely have been expected in the infancy of hydraulics.
		It was probably suggested to Ctesibius by the Egyptian Wheel or None, which was common at that time, and which was a kind of chain pump, consisting of a number of earthen pots carried round by a wheel.
		Notwithstanding these inventions of the Alexandrian school, its attention does not seem to have been directed to the motion of fluids; and the first attempt to investigate this subject was made by Sextus Julius Frontinus, inspector of the public fountains at Rome in the reigns of Nerva and Trajan.
	36.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HY/HYDROMECHANICS.htm (1877 words)

	Egipto vandens laikrodis
		The inventor of the water clock was Ctesibius.
		Ctesibius just did not invent, it he also improved it by adding a float with a rack that turned a toothed wheel.
		Ctesibius lived and invented the water clock in the third century.
	www.eat-online.net /water/lietuvioka/miscellaneous/waterclock.htm (381 words)

	THE PNEUMATICS OF HERO OF ALEXANDRIA
		This treatise is dedicated to a Marcellus, and Fabricius, assuming, after Hero junior, this Marcellus to be the conqueror of Syracuse, has hence assigned Ctesibius and Hero to the reigns of the second and third Ptolemies (B. Of these conflicting dates that assigned by Clinton has been generally adopted.
		Marcellus was killed B.C. 208: Athenaeus might have inscribed his work to him about B. 212 or 210; at this period, then, we must suppose Ctesibius to have been known as a philosopher,* but he may have lived far into the succeeding century,-possibly even into the reign of Euergetes II.
		Both Pliny and Vitruvius expressly name Ctesibius as famous for his skill in the invention of pneumatic and hydraulic instruments.
	www.history.rochester.edu /steam/hero/translators.html (1273 words)

	TMTh:: CTESIBIUS OF ALEXANDRIA
		His work on the elasticity of air was extremely important, earning him the title of father of pneumatics, for the first treatises on the science of compressed air and its uses are his.
		Ctesibius is considered the founder of the Alexandrian school of mathematics and engineering, and was probably the first head of the Museum of Alexandria.
		Unfortunately, very little is known of his life and work, beyond the fact that he was the son of a barber from Aspondia, a suburb of Alexandria, and lived from about 285-222 BC.
	www.tmth.edu.gr /en/aet/1/31.html (487 words)

	HERO OF ALEXANDRIA - LoveToKnow Article on HERO OF ALEXANDRIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is the more modern view, in contrast to the earlier theory most generally accepted, according to which he flourished about 100 B.C. The earlier theory started from the superscription of one of his works, Hpfovos Kr~o-t/3lou j3eXoiroii,xh, from which it was inferred that Hero was a pupil of Ctesibius.
		Martin, Hultsch and Cantor took this Ctesibius to be a barber of that name who lived in the reign of Ptolemy Euergetes II.
		Nor can the relation of master and pupil be certainly inferred from the superscription quoted (observe the omission of any article), which really asserts no more than that Hero re-edited an earlier treatise by Ctesibius, and implies nothing about his being an immediate predecessor.
	57.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HE/HERO_OF_ALEXANDRIA.htm (1073 words)

	Hero of Alexandria
		The earlier theory started from the superscription of one of his works from which it was inferred that Hero was a pupil of Ctesibius.
		Martin, Hultsch and Cantor took this Ctesibius to be a barber of that name who lived in the reign of Ptolemy Euergetes II (died in 117 BC) and is credited with having invented an improved water-organ.
		But this identification is far from certain, as a Ctesibius mechanicus is mentioned by Athenaeus as having lived under Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-247 BC).
	www.nndb.com /people/898/000103589 (738 words)

	Talk:Ctesibius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I don't know much about this subject, so I'm not editing the Ctesibius article, but I believe the reference to 'Hero of Byzantium' is meant be Hero of Alexandria.
		I don't know much about Ctesibius either, but I think you are right (based on a quick read of some classical dictionaries), and have edited it accordingly.
		I've read Ctesibius created a pneumatic catapult, or aerotonon, which used compressed air cylinders.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Ctesibius (154 words)

	Ancient Greek Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Another useful invention was a portable double water pump used by the firemen to put off the fires on the big buildings of his city.
		Ctesibius is perhaps best remembered for the CLEPSYDRA, or water clock.
		Ctesibius liked music and had an idea of using waterpower for his music creations.
	www.e-telescope.gr /en/cat05/art05_021129.htm (818 words)

	Ctesibius (2nd or 3rd century B.C.)
		CTESIBIUS of Alexandria is mentioned by various writers as the teacher of Hero.
		Pliny speaks of him as the inventor of pumps for raising water, and as the author of studies on the expansive force of air and steam.
		The water-clock of Ctesibius must have avoided these defects if, as Vitruvius asserts, it showed the hour, day, month, and sign of the sun.
	www.usefultrivia.com /biographies/ctesibius_001.html (222 words)

	Saint Peter's and Saint Andrew's Church: About the Church
		About 250 B.C. a man by the name of Ctesibius experimented with forcing air through a vase using a water pump.
		The principle involved may be illustrated by the pressurized water fire extinguisher, very nearly the Ctesibius trumpet in reverse.
		In the ancient instrument, water was pumped in the bottom to force air out through the top; in a modern fire extinguisher, the compressed air in the top forces water out the bottom in a continuous stream.
	sites.ecosse.net /spandsacos/allnew/Organ.htm (927 words)

	A History of Science Volume I - Part VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We are constrained, then, to believe that the inventive genius who was really responsible for the mechanisms we are about to describe was Ctesibius, the master.
		Yet we owe a debt of gratitude to Hero, the pupil, for having given wider vogue to these discoveries, and in particular for the discussion of the principles of hydrostatics and pneumatics contained in the introduction to his book.
		As to the expansive power of gas, which Hero describes at some length without giving us a clew to his authorities, we may assume that Ctesibius was an original worker, yet the general facts involved were doubtless much older than his day.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/sci/history/AHistoryofScienceVolumeI/chap39.html (2212 words)

	Ctesibius
		Ctesibius or Ktesibios is an Alexandrian and he wrote down all his inventions in a book.
		Another invention of Ctesibius was a water clock.
		It consisted of a cylindrical container with a hole on the bottom so water could pass through it and kept at a constant water level.
	alexandrias.tripod.com /ctesibius.htm (237 words)

	TMTh:: PHILO OF BYZANTIUM
		Philo of Byzantium was one of the most important of the great Alexandrian engineers, and the connecting link between Ctesibius, with whom he studied, and Hero.
		The body of work he produced was vast, perhaps even greater than that of Ctesibius; and thanks to his students and successors it has survived almost in its entirety.
		The compendium of his works known as the "Mechanical Collection" not only gives us a full picture of Philo's own work, but also allows us to appreciate the whole range of problems in mechanics that occupied his contemporaries and their predecessors: truly a unique intellectual heritage.
	www.tmth.edu.gr /en/aet/5/79.html (419 words)

	Astrolabe History
		The earliest evidence of use of the stereographic projection in a machine is in the writing of the Roman author and architect, Vitruvius (ca.
		Apparently, Ctesibius' clock had a rotating field of stars behind a wire frame indicating the hours of the day.
		The wire framework (the spider) was possibly constructed using the stereographic projection with the eye point at the north celestial pole.
	www.astrolabes.org /history.htm (1565 words)

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