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Topic: Cubic Boron Nitride

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	U.S. Patent: 5236545 - Method for heteroepitaxial diamond film development - August 17, 1993
		The boron nitride layer is followed with a second interfacial layer, generally about 1 to 10 monolayers thick, of hydrogen terminated carbon which is deposited with laser ablation with a carbon target in the presence of atomic hydrogen.
		The second interfacial layer, which is applied on the surface of the cubic boron nitride layer, is an ultra-thin, laser ablated diamond precursor carbon layer which appears to passivate the cubic boron nitride surface and act as an epitaxial nucleation layer for subsequent diamond growth.
		The silicon substrate with the cubic boron nitride and hydrogen terminated carbon layers would be transferred to the chamber of a microwave plasma deposition apparatus in a manner to avoid contamination.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5236545.html (6493 words)

	Boron - Diet Index - dietlist.net
		Boron being an essential micronutrient, playing notably a role in plant fertilisation and in the building of cell wall structures, it is used in agriculture.
		Boron filaments are high-strength, lightweight materials that are chiefly used for advanced aerospace structures as a component of composite materials.
		Boron compounds are being investigated for use in a broad range of applications, including as components in sugar-permeable membranes, carbohydrate sensors and bioconjugates.
	www.dietlist.net /boron.html (1378 words)

	Boron nitride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A crystal modification of boron nitride is w-BN, the superhard hexagonal phase of the wurzite structure.
		The band gap of cubic BN is 6.2 eV, similar to that of diamond.
		Hexagonal boron nitride is produced by the nitridation or ammonolysis of boron trioxide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boron_nitride (1145 words)

	Boron Nitride (BN) - Properties and Information on Boron Nitride
		Boron and nitrogen are neighbours of carbon in the periodic table - in combination boron and nitrogen have the same number of outer shell electrons - the atomic radii of boron and nitrogen are similar to that of carbon.
		The synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride powder is achieved by nitridation or ammonalysis of boric oxide at elevated temperature.
		Cubic boron nitride is formed by high pressure, high temperature treatment of hexagonal BN.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=78 (708 words)

	CUOS Materials Science: Motivation for cubic-BN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Boron nitride is a molecule composed of two elements: boron (B) and nitrogen (N).
		The properties of the hexagonal and cubic crystal phases of boron nitride are analogous to those of graphite and diamond, respectively.
		Stoichiometry, the ratio of boron to nitride atoms (which should be 1:1 for boron nitride), is often a major problem in that the films produced are deficient in nitrogen.
	www.eecs.umich.edu /CUOS/MaterialScience/MotivationBN.html (308 words)

	Feature - Applying cBN Technology to Moldmaking - 06/05
		Since the implications of cubic boron nitride are similar to those polycrystalline diamond (PCD) technology had on milling just a few years ago, it is important to understand the fundamental characteristics of cBN and how it can be applied to benefit our industry.
		Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride is a composite formed by sintering together cBN particles in the presence of a metal or ceramic catalyst binder material.
		Cubic boron nitride has increased toughness over diamond, and with the onset of new production technology, now offers cost-effective performance in cutting tool applications in steel up to 68 Rockwell-C. The variations of cBN that can be made by changing certain properties are virtually endless.
	www.moldmakingtechnology.com /articles/060501.html (1767 words)

	Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN)
		CBN is used in a 1-layer electroplated form or in a resinoid, brittle bronze or vitrified bond form.
		CBN grinding wheels — with the exception of wheels with an electroplated bond — are produced in various concentrations, depending on the nature of their use.
		When used correctly, the majority of the grinding heat generated is therefore absorbed by the CBN grinding wheel and released to the coolant emulsion and/or the surroundings.
	www.meister-abrasives.ch /?p=1643 (425 words)

	Gradient polycrystalline cubic boron nitride materials and tools incorporating such materials patent invention
		Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) is formed by placing cubic boron nitride grains, a second phase and a binder phase within a refractory metal enclosure and then sintering the enclosure with its contents at high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions for forming the PCBN.
		In a further exemplary embodiment, a third layer of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride is formed from cubic boron nitride grains which are finer than the grains of cubic boron nitride forming the second layer.
		In the exemplary embodiment, the pin is formed from a second material including cubic boron nitride grains, where one of the first and second materials includes cubic boron nitride grains that are coarser than the cubic boron nitride grains of the other of the first and second materials.
	www.freshpatents.com /Gradient-polycrystalline-cubic-boron-nitride-materials-and-tools-incorporating-such-materials-dt20051110ptan20050249978.php (1946 words)

	CMS Patents and Awards 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		By alternating the formation of boron films or cubic boron nitride and boron carbide films, a multilayer boron/boron carbide, cubic boron nitride/boron carbide, or a boron/cubic boron nitride/boron carbide film or coating may be produced.
		The various layers of the multilayer may be diffused, blended, or graded to contain from 0 to 100% boron or cubic boron nitride or boron carbide, and the interfaces of the layers may be discrete or diffused.
		Thin boron films prepared by this method are useful for producing hardened surfaces or for surfacing machine tools and for making ultrathinband pass filters as well as the low-radioactive element in low-radioactive/high-radioactive optical components.
	www-cms.llnl.gov /patents/1998.html (1395 words)

	Man Made Diamonds - New Workpiece Materials
		The scientists substituted graphite with hexagonal boron nitride, whose arrangement of atoms is similar to graphite, and then used a catalyst of alkali metals and nitrides of lithium, calcium and magnesium in the high pressure/high temperature diamond manufacturing process.
		The CBN crystals that were created were not harder than diamond and were, in fact, not as good as diamond for cutting cemented tungsten carbide.
		Cubic boron nitride was commercially introduced by GE in 1969 as Borazon* CBN, a superabrasive for grinding hardened steel.
	www.abrasivesnet.com /en/art/artweb/e/e.htm (352 words)

	Boron nitride
		One of the most well-known characteristics of hexagonal boron nitride is the very bad wettability by metal melts (like Al, Mg, Zn, Pb and Cu), slags as well as salt melts.
		Boron nitride is stable at air to approx.
		Cubic boron nitride, also called borazon, is a hard material of high microhardness and used for grinding applications.
	www.a-m.de /englisch/lexikon/bornitrid.htm (263 words)

	IF YOU USE MS WORD, TURN OF “INSERT KEY” AND TYPE OVER THIS TEMPLATE OR FOLLOW THE SPECIFIED STYLES
		Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) thin films can be deposited with a variety of different methods.
		The microstructure of the films usually displays a three phase progression from the substrate to (i) an amorphous layer which contains a mixture of substrate, boron and nitrogen atoms, (ii) a textured hexagonal boron nitride (h‑BN) layer and (iii) a textured nanocrystalline (crystallite size: 5-50 nm) c-BN layer.
		Therefore, c‑BN nucleation with no intermediate layer should be possible on suitable crystalline substrates having a good lattice mismatch and which do no undergo amorphization under ion irradiation.
	www.eng.auburn.edu /ADC-FCT2001/ADCFCTabstract/079.htm (407 words)

	Diamond or cubic boron nitride grinding wheel with resin core - Patent 4042346
		A common and conventional bond for resin bonded grinding wheels employing the premium abrasives diamond and cubic boron nitride is phenol formaldehyde resin, usually containing fillers to add strength and improve grinding performance.
		Such wheels are normally of a composite construction in which a rim of abrasive grits in the resin matrix is adhered to a central, non-abrasive core, the core being adapted to be mounted concentrically on a shaft for rotation of the wheel.
		The abrasive section is a phenolic resin bonded diamond or cubic boron nitride ring.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4042346.html (939 words)

	Boron Nitride - ESK, a Ceradyne Company
		ESK, a Ceradyne company, is a boron nitride powder manufacturer and supplier.
		In addition to boron nitride powder, ESK offers many other ceramic powders for various applications such as calcium hexaboride, titanium diboride and zirconium diboride.
		Boron nitride, from which ESK creates boron nitride powder, is often called white graphite because of its hexagonal platelet-like structure.
	www.esk.com /products/boronnitride.asp (128 words)

	J & M Diamond Tool: PCD and CBN Information
		Unlike diamond, however, CBN is stable under conditions of high temperature (up to 1000°C) normally seen when machining hardened ferrous or super alloy materials.
		CBN is also available in several different grades, depending on the application.
		CBN tools are also being used to turn, bore and face hard materials, which previously could be formed only by grinding.
	www.diamondtool.com /pcdcbm2a.html (714 words)

	Boron Nitride Products: Wurtzite Boron Nitride (WBN)
		It is the next step in the boron nitride generation which includes a well-known superabrasive - cubic boron nitride, as well as, a graphite similar in structure - hexagonal boron nitride.
		Wurtzite Boron Nitride with plate shape particles is used as a raw material for sintering coarse grit polycrystalline structure powders, which are later used for manufacturing traditional cutting and grinding tools.
		Wurtzite Boron Nitride with regular crystal shape particles is the perfect material for steel polishing applications, such as, molds, dies, etc.
	www.ukabrasives.com /products/products8.html (209 words)

	PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride)
		Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) is a synthesised mass of randomly orientated cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles, bound by a ceramic binder phase.
		To produce PCBN, cBN particles are manufactured by subjecting hexagonal boron nitride to high temperature and pressure.
		cBN particles are then selected and characterised, prior to a second synthesis process which is carried out with the addition of a ceramic binder material.
	www.e6.com /page2285.html?pageid=4004020 (93 words)

	September 1999 Patents
		A method for fabricating boron nitride, cubic boron nitride, and multilayer boron/cubic boron nitride hard coatings using magnetron sputtering in a selected atmosphere.
		For example, the boron is formed in an inert (for example, argon) atmosphere, while the cubic boron nitride is formed in a reactive (for example, nitrogen) atmosphere.
		The multilayer boron/cubic boron nitride is produced by depositing alternate layers of boron and cubic boron nitride, with the alternate layers having a thickness of 1 nanometer to 1 micrometer.
	www.llnl.gov /str/Pat999.html (580 words)

	Boron Nitride Powder Manufacturer - ESK
		Boron nitride is often called white graphite because of its hexagonal platelet-like structure.
		Its unique chemical and physical properties open up a wide spectrum of applications, in which the manufacture of high-end products would be difficult or impossible without boron nitride.
		Boron nitride powders and suspensions are used as:
	www.esk.com /materials/boronnitride.asp (75 words)

	LAM: Silicon Nitride - Purdue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Laser-assisted machining of hot-pressed silicon nitride is successful.
		Without laser-assistance, both the workpiece and [cubic-boron nitride] cutting tool fail catastrophically when the cut is initiated.
		The following chips produced during LAM of hot-pressed silicon nitride show evidence of plastic deformation during the cutting process.
	widget.ecn.purdue.edu /~lampl/silicon.nitride.html (195 words)

	e-Prints Soton - Formation of cubic boron nitride films by r.f. magnetron sputtering
		Boron nitride thin films have been deposited on silicon by tuned substrate r.f.
		Both FTIR and XPS results show that the formation of nearly pure cubic boron nitride films were achieved when the films were deposited by a two-step process at a lower substrate bias voltage after the initial formation of the cubic boron nitride layer.
		Also, as indicated by FTIR measurements, this two-step process caused a reduction of the residual stress in the deposited films and no re-sputtering effects were present during the cubic BN growing process.
	eprints.soton.ac.uk /23552 (207 words)

	Ames Lab scientists discover second-hardest known substance
		By introducing a small amount of silicon into an alloy of aluminum, magnesium and boron, they created a material slightly harder than cubic boron-nitride, the material now ranked second.
		Cook estimated its cost at around $700 per pound, compared to cubic boron-nitride's price tag of up to $7,000 per pound and diamond's cost of $2,000 per pound.
		Cubic boron-nitride doesn't have the iron reactivity problem, but it's costly because it is produced at extremely high temperatures and pressures.
	www.external.ameslab.gov /news/release/substance.html (924 words)

	Cubic boron nitride
		How these materials work, materials used for abrasives and types of abrasives including bonded, coated, metal bonded and non-woven nylon abrasives, as well as, burs and lapping compounds are described.
		Boron nitride comes in two forms, hexagonal and cubic boron nitrides.
		Hexagonal boron nitride is similar in many ways to graphite, while cubic boron nitride bears similarities to diamond.
	www.azom.com /SearchResults.asp?MaterialKeyWord=Cubic+boron+nitride (110 words)

	Cubic boron nitride preparation (US4415420)
		A method for depositing cubic boron nitride on a substrate, comprising the steps of:
		boron and a material selected from the group consisting of the elements chromium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese,
		whereby cubic boron nitride is deposited on the surface of said substrate.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US04415420 (206 words)

	X-ray investigation of cubic boron nitride layers on Silicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		X-ray investigation of cubic boron nitride layers on Silicon
		We carried out x-ray reflectivity measurements and surface-sensitive Bragg-scattering under grazing incidence in order to reveal the interfacial structure of hexagonal and cubic boron nitride layers on Silicon substrates.
		Density profiles of the film-substrate system and the temperature dependence of the in-plane lattice spacings will be presented, revealing a significant stress relaxation after a temperature treatment at 1000 degrees centigrade.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/BAPSMAR96/abs/S2830002.html (93 words)

	Morphology and Bonding of Boron-Nitride Powders
		Bonding in the hexagonal, cubic, rhombohedral, and wurtzite phases of boron nitride was characterized using core-level photoabsorption.
		In the boron and nitrogen 1s photoabsorption cross section we observed resonances that were unique to each of the phases and that were associated with the sp
		These spectroscopic standards were then used to characterize the bonding and morphology in an incoherent thin-film of BN based on its core- level photoabsorption.
	www.wsrcc.com /alison/bnjvst (84 words)

	Cubic Boron Nitride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		'''Cubic Boron Nitride''' (CBN) is used as an abrasive.
		Although CBN is less than half as hard as diamond, it is better suited for processing iron alloys because it is not subject to high temperature reactions between carbon (diamond) and iron.
		CBN are created by squeezing soft Boron carbonitrides (BC
	cubic-boron-nitride.iqnaut.net (70 words)

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