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	Culm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A culm was originally a stem of any type of plant.
		Culm was the old German name for a place in the former West Prussia.
		Culm is also a term used for fine-grained waste anthracite coal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Culm (176 words)

	CULM - LoveToKnow Article on CULM
		Thus the English Culm measures comprise an Upper Carboniferous and a Lower Carboniferous group, while in Germany, Austria and elsewhere, as it is important to bear in mind, the Culm, or Kulm, stage is shown by its contained fossils to belong to the lower division alone.
		This aspect of the Culm is found in Saxony, where there are workable coals, in Bohemia, Thuringia, the Fichtelgebirge, the Harz, where the beds are traversed by mineral veins, and in Moravia and Silesia.
		Culm fossils appear in the Carnic Alps, in the Balkans and parts of Spain, also in Spitzbergen and part of New Guinea.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CU/CULM.htm (529 words)

	Morpho-Agronomic Characterization
		Culm number - Culm number is recorded after full heading as the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers after flowering: (1) sparse (<10 culms), (2) medium (10-20 culms), (3) prolific (>20 culms).
		Culm length - Culm length is measured in centimeters from ground level to the base of the panicle using a coded measuring instrument after flowering: (1) <51 cm, (2) 51-70 cm, (3) 71-90 cm, (4) 91-110 cm (5) 111-130cm, (6) 131-150 cm (7) >150 cm.
		Culm diameter - Measured in millimeters and measurement is done from the outer diameter at the mid-portion of the culm during flowering or at late reproductive stage and classified as: (1) thin (<5 mm), (2) thick (>=5 mm).
	www.knowledgebank.irri.org /grcOpsManual/Morpho-Agronomic_Characterization.htm (2662 words)

	Culm -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A culm was originally a stem of any type of (A living organism lacking the power of locomotion) plant.
		Culm was the old German name for a place in the former West (A former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland) Prussia.
		Culm is also a term used for fine-grained waste (A hard natural coal that burns slowly and gives intense heat) anthracite (Fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carboniferous period) coal.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cu/culm.htm (163 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Culm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Bishopric of Culm embraced the province of Culm, that is, the land between Vistula, Drewenz, and Ossa rivers, and in addition, the city of Löbau and its surrounding district.
		The heresies of Hus and Wyclif found many adherents in the Diocese of Culm in the fifteenth century, and thus the ground was prepared for the religious revolution of the sixteenth.
		Kostka also held a diocesan synod at Culm in 1583, promulgated the decrees of the Council of Trent, reformed the monasteries of the diocese, and introduced the Jesuits in 1593.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04566a.htm (1508 words)

	"Bamboo in Nepal: A Management Guide" by Robert I Bradshaw
		The culms should be more than 3 cm diameter and have strongly developed side-branches (at least half the diameter of the main stem at their bases) and leaves (Storey, 1989a).
		This usually means that 2 year old culms should be used, but this depends on their position in the clump (Storey, 1988a) [See also 8.1, i] Only bamboos which produce aerial roots will grow from culm cuttings (Stapleton, 1987; Gurung, quoted in Storey, 1988b).
		The culms should be severed by cutting round once with the blade of a hasya (a curved pruning knife shaped like a small sickle) angled at 45 degrees to the stem, then again with it angled the opposite way to produce a wedge-shaped notch.
	www.robibrad.demon.co.uk /Bamboo.htm (3251 words)

	Coal Bumbs
		The culm, or "duff", as it was sometimes called, was difficult if not impossible to burn in domestic fires unless it was first made into "culm" balls" by mixing the culm with yellow clay in certain proportions.
		A mixture of culm and yellow clay was ground to a putty by the stone, and the bombs were made by hand or by a bomber and allowed to set.
		Culm crusher where the culm was ground on the limestone base by the limestone grinding stone.
	www.sip.ie /sip019B/bumbs/bumbs.htm (1012 words)

	Culm-To-Steam Field Trip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Culm is the waste material that remains after mining for coal.
		Culm is collected at a mine site and transported to the plant, where it is crushed, and blown into a combuster that burns at 1600-1700 degrees F.
		Reduction of acidic surface water runoff, both by the removal of the culm piles and by filling in the pits with ash that is of higher pH.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~jmwolfe/culmtosteam.htm (543 words)

	Moso bamboo
		The culm is used for processing in manufacturing or used wholly (Wang 1987; Zhu 1994).
		At the beginning of young culm growth the upward growth rate is small, but the horizontal growth rate of the internode is pronounced.
		At peak time internodes grow fast and steadily, at this time the culm sheaths at the base of culm begin to fall, the upper braches begin to spread and the culm growth rate slows down.
	www.geocities.com /zhuzi.geo/page2.html (1074 words)

	culm plant web page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Culm is a an anthracite coal mine waste containing fine coal, coal dust, and dirt.
		The huge culm banks that sit on the sides of the surrounding hills are exposed to the nature's elements.
		Since the Waste-to-Steam plant is fueled by culm, the culm is collected from the surrounding hillsides and taken to the power plant.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~wschneid/505culmtosteam.html (1006 words)

	[No title]
		Culm internodes are an integral part of the structure of the culm.
		Culm nodes are an integral part of the structure of the culm (stalk).
		The lowermost husk on the shank, between the shank and the adjacent internode of the main culm, is a prophyll (ZEA:15077).
	www.maizemap.org /MMP_Downloads/POC/Zea_mays_anatomy_ontology_definitions.txt (12504 words)

	Bamboo Main
		Culms are cut after they reach 7 years so that only about 500 shoots per hectare are allowed to grow into new culms each year.
		Culms are more or less cylindrical in their lower section but in the upper parts each internode has a broad groove on the side from which the branches emerge.
		The surface of the culm is smooth, green, yellowish green or yellow, and the internodes are relatively short.
	www.farminfo.org /othercrops/bamboo-m.htm (5594 words)

	Cane Prep - Testing
		For some unknown reason, certain culms (though very few) will exhibit this "softness" between nodes, but when it exists, it is usually in only one such internodal area.
		Select any one of your split-out strips from a given culm and, before soaking, simply give EACH internodal area in the strip a good bend between your hands--feeling for the desired resistance.
		The bend-test is a "relative" sort of thing (like the "heft" of a good culm), but you will very quickly gain a sense for the feel of really good cane.
	www.bamboorodmaking.com /html/cane_prep_-_testing.html (399 words)

	ABS - Bamboo Mealybugs
		Culm injection of sytemic pesticides is a method used in China to control sap sucking and some leaf chewing insects One advantage of culm injection is that there is almost no wasted pesticide released into the environment.
		To use this method, drill a small hole into one internode on each culm, then use a syringe to inject 0..25 ml to 1.5 ml (the amount depending on size of the culm) of full strength Cygon 2-E (23% dimethoate) into the culm.
		When first using this method, test it out by injecting one or two culms to determine the appropriate dosage for your bamboo species; different bamboo species can vary in their sensitively to injected Cygon.
	www.americanbamboo.org /GeneralInfoPages/BambooMealybugs.html (312 words)

	Area Action Plans: Culm Measures Action Plan
		The Culm measures cover an area of 3,500 square kilometres, including a coastline from Boscastle to Barnstaple, inland south to Launceston and the northern limit of Dartmoor, east to the edge of Exeter and in the north through South Molton to just inside the Somerset border.
		The 'culm grassland', also called 'purple moor grass and rush pasture' and 'rhos pasture' is considered to highest priority habitat within this plan.
		Filter out applications for grants to plant trees on culm grassland, withhold grants and consents for such proposals and ensure that felling licences are granted for the removal of trees as appropriate.
	www.cornwallwow.org.uk /bap2/act_aa5.htm (2305 words)

	ABS - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
		Bamboo culms (stalks) reach their maximum height in the first growing season and then, each year after that, usually add branches, until the culm is five to seven years old.
		The culms should be mature (four to eight years) and should be harvested in the dry season.
		Once the culms are harvested they are best placed in a well-ventilated, covered, shaded area, avoiding direct wind or sun as a quick drying may cause splitting.
	www.americanbamboo.org /FAQ.html (3038 words)

	II. Explanations of descriptors and descriptor-states
		CULM LENGTH: Culm length is measured in centimeters from ground level to the base of the panicle (n = 5).
		CULM DIAMETER: Data are taken in millimeters from the outer diameter of the culms (n - 3) measured at the midportion of the culm.
		CULM STRENGTH (lodging resistance): Culm strength is first rated after panicle emergence by gently pushing the tillers back and forth a few times.
	www.ipgri.cgiar.org /publications/HTMLPublications/232/ch3.htm (2062 words)

	St Nicholas Cogeneration Plant
		This is done by removing the culm with large earth movers and dumping it onto conveyors going to the small breaker.
		Then the culm is sent to the plant on a conveyor that is almost a mile long at a rate of 425 tons per hour.
		Upon reaching the plant the culm is pulverized to ash and sent through a network of pipes until it is injected into the furnace at a rate of 150 tons per hour.
	www.undergroundminers.com /cogen.html (628 words)

	Bamboo Rod Making (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chris and Scott with a finished culm that has been flamed using a hand-held torch (note, Chris is standing next to the "oven" used to heat treat the bamboo strips after rough planing - just prior to final dimension planing).
		Chris and John further split the culm into smaller and smaller strips until they are ready for dam and node removal and then the straightening process.
		Fine splitting is done with the use of a vice and a screwdriver to "steer" the split right down the middle of the strip.
	home.comcast.net /~kings11/bamboo_rod_making.htm (2056 words)

	Education - Encyclopedia: Flora - Terete Culm Sedge
		The name 'terete culm' comes from terete meaning almost cylindrical, and culm referring to the aerial stem ending in an inflorescence (flower).
		Terete Culm Sedge is a common species in the Barmah-Millewa forests.
		It is found in association with the River Red Gums both at the water's edge, and as a part of the understorey in the forest/woodland where it is subject to periodic inundation.
	www.mdbc.gov.au /education/encyclopedia/wildlife/flora/terete_culm_sedge.htm (82 words)

	Cane Prep - Cutting
		Some culms will suit particular lengths of rods depending on the distance between nodes if you are concerned about not having nodes in the top 5" of the tip and not at ferrules.
		The important thing is that by measuring down from a node, and selecting the culm sections that suit a rod length you can usually reduce the number of nodes in a section as well as keeping nodes away from the ferrules.
		Also a reason for not cutting in the middle is that the power fibers decrease as you go up the culm and if you can use the lower section of the culm and discard the upper section you will have more power fibers.
	www.bamboorodmaking.com /html/cane_prep_-_cutting.html (2010 words)

	Untitled Document
		The culms are golden with contrasting bright green grooves, the leaves have an occasional yellow stripe.
		Culms are entirely yellow except for a few vertical green stripes, the new culms have a tint of red.
		Its large culms are line green in color with grooves that turn brown or purplish fl over a couple of years.
	webhome.idirect.com /~stevedon/bamboo/homepage.html (254 words)

	geographical science : . r e s e a r c h . : Maintenance and restoration of floristic diversity in the Culm grasslands ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Improvement of agricultural land by drainage and use of fertilisers and current neglect have caused Culm grassland, a species-rich wet grassland community in south-west England, to be under threat.
		Culm grassland is nationally known as Rhôs pasture and can be described as a mosaic of the following NVC communities: M16, M23, M24, M25 and M27, which vary from wet heaths to rush pastures.
		Insight into hydrological functioning of Culm grasslands is obtained by modelling the hydrology of the Wolf and Thrushel catchment in Devon, using a semi-distributed hydrological model.
	www.geog.plymouth.ac.uk /research/groups/culm.htm (455 words)

	Oryza Technologies, Inc. - "Culm Blocks" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Over the next three years, Oryzatech Inc. plans to convert 21,600 tons of rice straw into their culm block product that will be used to construct 23 miles of sound abatement walls and 83 green homes.
		A culm block consists of highly compressed rice straw, bundled into a 24"x16"x12" block, an optimal size for the construction industry.
		The culm block is a fire retardant, varmint free, highly insulated, load bearing building block that can serve a variety of building needs.
	www.cdfa.ca.gov /exec/aep/aes/rs_grant_program/grants/oryzatech.htm (269 words)

	CULM GRASSLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Culm is a local name, given to rocks that lie beneath the soil in a very large part of Devon.
		From the River Exe valley, the Culm Measures extend westward, between the massive, hard granite outcrop of Dartmoor and the softer red sandstones of Exmoor, right through to the Atlantic coast.
		Culm Pasture is a man-made environment that has sustained people through the cattle it has fed. But space, in times past was not the problem it is today.
	www.rdg.eurobell.co.uk /infoculm.html (662 words)

	Culm Skiing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Culm is that fl cindery stuff that looks like coal but isn't and is piled up in big mounds...it's a coal region thing...anyway that's culm.
		Skis that will never touch snow (unless it is out by the curb) and very durable abrasion resilient gear are preferred, as the culm, being comprised of rock, provides a less than comfortable surface to go rolling around on.
		However the great extreme sport of culm skiing is not for those prone to want to stop skiing to roll around in culm, no siree, if you ski culm, you ski culm, period.
	www.poconomtns.com /culm.htm (183 words)

	Sesame seed effect on bamboo culm surface- Bamboo Forums
		I have a theory that there is an endemic virus or something in the bamboo that is kept in check when the culm is vigorous, but starts to show up when the culm is past maturity or dying.
		This was a partially mature culm the died in the grove at Avery Island LA USA.
		The culms are washed, using chaff and brushes; the nodes are given a scrubbing with a coarse brush made out of the small branches of bamboo.
	www.bamboocraft.net /forums/showthread.php?t=407 (1351 words)

	CULM - Online Information article about CULM
		Arber (1904—1907) clearly demonstrated that no palaeontological subdivision of the Upper Culm (Middle and Upper) is possible, and that these strata, on the See also:
		English Culm measures comprise an Upper Carboniferous and a Lower Carboniferous group, while in Germany, Austria and elsewhere, as it is important to See also:
		In the last-mentioned region the thickness of the Culm formation has been estimated 1 This word is possibly connected with See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CRE_DAH/CULM.html (839 words)

	Power Technology - Northampton USA Circulating Fluidised Bed Facility Power Plant, PA, USA
		Fired on culm, an anthracite waste by-product, the 110MWe (277MWt) facility, which has been in operation since 1995, features a CFB boiler designed and supplied by Foster Wheeler.
		Culm, silt and limestone are delivered by truck.
		A mixture of culm and up to 50% silt is fed into the furnace through four feedpoints.
	www.power-technology.com /projects/northampton (579 words)

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