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Topic: Culmland

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	culmland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Culmland or Chelmno Land - (Polish: Ziemia Chelminska, German: Kulmerland) is a traditional name for the district around the city of Chełmno (German: Kulm or Culm) in northern Poland.
		In 10th century Culmland (south of the Osa River) was inhabited by the lekhitic tribes of Kuyavians and Masovians.
		In the Middle Ages Culmland was a subject to constant raids of the pagan Prussians.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Culmland.html (503 words)

	Wikipedia: Warmia
		It is located in a border area which has been under the rule of many different rulers from several countries over its long history; the most notable of these rulers were those of the Teutonic Knights, Poland and the Kingdom of Prussia.
		To the west of Warmia is Pomesania, to the south Culmland (Ziemia Chelminska), Sassinia and Galindia (later called Masuria) and to the east Sambia.
		Warmia was one of four dioceses created in 1242 by the papal legate William of Modena.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/w/wa/warmia.html (892 words)

	Golub-Dobrzyn - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Initially there were 2 cities: Golub located north of Drweca river in the Culmland and Dobrzyn located south of Drweca river in the Land of Dobrzyn.
		The village Golub (villa golube), populated by Poles, is first mentioned in a document from 1258.
		The Culmland was by then in hands of Teutonic Order since 1231.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Golub (466 words)

	Kulmerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		To protect his land from invasions, duke Conrad I of Masovia called upon the Teutonic Knights for help.
		They were to keep the Culmland as a fief in exchange for protecting Mazovia from pagan Prussians, though some allege the grant to be a forgery.
		Chelmno and Toruń (then called Thorn), at the Vistula river and north of the Drwęca river, lay on the border with Masovia.
	www.portaljuice.com /kulmerland.html (278 words)

	Teutonic Knights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		At the same time Konrad I Mazowiecki, prince of what is now central Poland around Warsaw, suffered when the Culmland was attacked by the Old Prussians, a pagan Baltic people.
		Konrad hired the Knights to defend this province and conquer Prussia, giving them the Culmland as a fief (1226) for the time until the conquest was over.
		The Order's conquest of Prussia was accomplished with great bloodshed over more than 50 years, during which new cities were founded as bases for war and administration, later becoming centres of trade.
	1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/t/te/teutonic_knights.html (581 words)

	Teutonic Order - IBWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		First accepted in Austria by Andrew II of the Magyars, the Order was given a district in Burzenland, Transylvania, though this was later recanted when the Order sought to have direct relation with the Holy See and not through the Kingdom of Hungary.
		This proved somewhat fortuitous for the Order, as they were freed to renew their conquest under direction of Konrad I Mazowiecki, Prince of Culmland (Central Veneda) when his homeland was attacked by the Prussians, a pagan Baltic people.
		This led the Order to rule a large tract of the Eastern Baltic, though this power had eroded by the end of the middle ages.
	ib.frath.net /w/Teutonic_Order (253 words)

	CMH5
		Neither the martyrdoms of St Adalbert (997), whose shrine at Gnesen afterwards became a kind of rallying-point against the German advance, and (rather more than a decade later) of St Brun, nor the sword of either Pole or Dane, could bend or break the resistance of this pagan people.
		By the middle of the twelfth century the sum total of the struggle seems to have been the reduction to dependence upon Poland of a small southern corner of Prussia, the Culmland.
		The efforts which resulted in the actual Christianisation and subsequent Germanisation of Prussia date from the following (thirteenth) century, and are associated with the name of Christian, a monk of the Cistercian convent of Oliva near Danzig, and afterwards the first Prussian bishop.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh520.html (7799 words)

	medieval Church -- Teutoniv Knights
		The Prussi appear to have had especially close ties with the Lithuanians, but few details are available.
		Konrad I Mazowiecki, prince of what is now central Poland around Warsaw, was having difficulty defending his province of Culmland from Prussian attacks.
		He offered Culmland as a fief while the Order conquered the Prussians (1226).
	histclo.com /chron/med/church/order/mm-teu.html (1349 words)

	Horny mature Sexy Babes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		King Andrew responded by expelling them in 1225 At the same time Konrad I Mazowiecki, prince of what is now central Mature sexy women.com Poland around Warsaw, Milf movie suffered when the Culmland was attacked by the Old Prussians, a pagan Baltic people.
		Konrad hired the Knights to defend this province and conquer Prussia, giving them the Culmland as a fief (1226) for the time
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