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Topic: Cultivation

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	AllRefer.com - cultivation (Agriculture, General) - Encyclopedia
		cultivation, tilling or manipulation of the soil, done primarily to eliminate weeds that compete with crops for water and nutrients.
		Cultivation may be used in crusted soils to increase soil aeration and infiltration of water; it may also be used to move soil to or away from plants as desired.
		Cultivation among crop plants is best kept at a minimum; excessive cultivation can be harmful as it may cause root pruning and loss of soil water due to increased evaporation.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/cultivatn.html (181 words)

	Shifting cultivation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shifting cultivation is a form of agriculture in which the cultivated or cropped area is shifted regularly to allow soil properties to recover under conditions of natural successional stages of re-growth.
		In a stable shifting cultivation system, the fallow is long enough for the natural vegetation to recover to the state that it was in before it was cleared, and for the soil to recover to the condition it was in before cropping began.
		Shifting cultivation was still being practiced as a viable and stable form of agriculture in many parts of Europe and west into Siberia at the end of the 19th century and in some places well into the 20th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shifting_cultivation (5089 words)

	Cultivation Theory
		Cultivation theory (sometimes referred to as the cultivation hypothesis or cultivation analysis) was an approach developed by Professor George Gerbner, dean of the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania.
		Cultivation theorists are best known for their study of television and viewers, and in particular for a focus on the topic of violence.
		Cultivation research does avoid the artificiality of laboratory experiments - it is based on normal viewing over a long period - but it is subject to the usual criticisms of both content analysis and surveys.
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Documents/short/cultiv.html (2601 words)

	Choosing cultivation in a conservation plan
		Cultivating corn or soybeans requires favorable soil conditions--soil that is dry enough to till and shatter large aggregates.
		Cultivating is most effective when done early in the season, when other farm activities demand attention, so it is often difficult to find the time.
		Cultivating also aerates the soil, closes any cracks that may have formed as the soil's surface dried, and reduces puddling and runoff from subsequent rainfall.
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/icm/1999/5-24-1999/choosecons.html (823 words)

	cultivation_of_edible_mushrooms
		Early cultivation of mushrooms, involved collecting the fruit bodies of these mushrooms from their natural habitat and taking them to a vicinity of "fresh" substrate, where their spores would germinate and colonize the substrate, eventually giving rise to fruitbodies.
		The cultivation of this species began around 1650, in Paris France, in areas in which mushrooms were frequently collected on used compost from melon crops.
		The cultivation and exportation of Auricularia polytricha, in Hawai‘i was substantial in the 19th.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/wong/bot135/Lect18.htm (5013 words)

	The Communication Initiative - Change Theories - Cultivation Theory of Mass Media
		Gerbner speaks of the "cultivation of collective conscious" in relation to the rapid growth of media outlets (in particular, television) and the capacity of mass media to transcend traditional "barriers of time, space, and social grouping".
		Cultivation then describes the process in which entire publics are affected by content on television.
		Potter (1993) notes Gerbner's intentions for using "cultivation" as an academic term to define his interest in "the more diffuse effects on perceptions that are shaped over a long period of exposure to media messages".
	www.comminit.com /changetheories/ctheories/changetheories-24.html (591 words)

	Choosing cultivation for dry soils
		Although a single cultivation cannot provide adequate weed control by itself, the use of row cultivation can reduce weed control costs and shifts in weed populations when used to supplement herbicides.
		Cultivating when soil is dry increases soil moisture loss from the surface layer, or the cultivation depth (the top 2 inches of soil or so).
		Assuming the cultivator is operating at a depth of 2 to 3 inches, by the typical time of row cultivation the crop would have a fairly good root system established (usually around 4 to 6 inches) and thus is not very dependent on soil moisture in the first few inches of soil.
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/icm/2000/5-29-2000/choosecult.html (773 words)

	Cultivation Theory
		Essentially, the theory states that heavy exposure to mass media, namely television, creates and cultivates attitudes more consistent with a media conjured version of reality than with what actual reality is. The cultivation theory asserts that heavy viewers' attitudes are cultivated primarily by what they watch on television.
		Here, the cultivation effect is accelerated when viewers amplify their real-life experience by what the view on television.
		Cultivation theorists focus on trends of heavy viewing over a long period of time rather than placing the focus on singular events.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory06.htm (1625 words)

	Cultivation - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tillage (American English), or cultivation (UK) is the agricultural preparation of the soil to receive seeds.
		Primary tillage loosens the soil and mixes in fertilizer and/or plant material, resulting in soil with a rough texture.
		Tillage is an operation whereby the soil is either cleared from noxious weeds, or prepared for receiving the seeds of plants cultivated by the husbandman.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /cultivation.htm (786 words)

	Porphyra cultivation
		The cultivation occurs in large elongated shallow concrete tanks with 20-30 cm of seawater in depth.
		The water in the tanks are also agitated to move the spores and to obtain an even distribution of conchospores on the cultivation nets.
		After the release of the conchospores, the cultivation processes now focuses on the cultivation of the thallus of Porphyra.
	www.mbari.org /staff/conn/botany/reds/lisa/cult.htm (383 words)

	cultivation on Encyclopedia.com
		Vestiges of ancient cultivation: the antiquity of garden beds and corn hills in Wisconsin.
		Area under opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan increased by 8 per cent, UN says.
		Is the mainstreaming effect of cultivation an artifact of regression to the mean?
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/cultivatn.asp (492 words)

	Weed of cultivation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A weed of cultivation is any plant that is well-adapted to environments in which land is cultivated for growing some other plant.
		Many are quite specialised and can only thrive and reproduce where the ground has been broken by plough or spade.
		They are invariably annual and reproduction is by seed alone which can in many species lay dormant for years in the soil until brought to the surface during cultivation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Weed_of_cultivation (167 words)

	Buddhism in a Nutshell - The Aim and Significance of Cultivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If someone argues against cultivation, consequently he would be unaware of his own greed, hatred, stupidity, passions, prejudices and subjective thoughts, and also ignorant of the objective reality of those phenomena, in that event, he would be as foolish as a patient in serious condition refusing to take medical treatment.
		In reality, all activities, cultivating Buddhism included, are the manifestation of the True Nature, this is to say, every cultivation implies the cultivation of the whole aspect of the Self-Nature; inversely speaking, it is also true to say that all Dharmas of cultivation have to do with cultivation of the Self-Nature exclusively.
		Cultivation may be classified into two aspects; the phenomenal aspect of cultivation such as sutra-reading, ceremonial worship etc. And so forth refers to visible outward cultivation, and the mental aspect of cultivation is subtle intangible inward cultivation such as self-introspection and looking into the mind.
	www.buddhistdoor.com /passissue/9610/sources/teach18.htm (1252 words)

	E-sangha, Buddhist Forum and Buddhism Forum -> Perspectives On Spiritual Cultivation
		Spiritual cultivation is so attractive, but God always sets some difficulties to temper the cultivators, perhaps it will help you overcome the difficulties if you know God's intention well.
		Compare with the ancients, the modern individuals' spiritual cultivation level is widely much lower, and generally, modern cultivators need much longer time to achieve a stage goal than the time that recorded in the ancient books.
		To the individuals, spiritual cultivation is a way to experience life-changing, leave misfortune and approach happiness; to the world, if spiritual cultivation becomes more popular, this world will be more peaceful and safe.
	www.lioncity.net /buddhism/index.php?showtopic=9266 (1650 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Quince - Herb Profile and Information
		It is a native of Persia and Anatolia and perhaps also of Greece and the Crimea, though it is doubtful if in the latter localities the plant is not a relic of former cultivation.
		It is certain that the ancient Greeks knew a common variety, upon which they grafted scions of a better variety, which they obtained from Cydon in Crete, from which place the fruit derived its name of cydonia, of which the English name Quince is a corruption.
		It was very widely cultivated in the East and especially in Palestine, and many commentators consider that the Tappuach of Scripture, always translated Apple, was the Quince.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/q/quince04.html (1761 words)

	PRESS BRIEFING ON ANDEAN COCA CULTIVATION
		’s first nationwide coca cultivation survey showed that 23,600 hectares were under coca cultivation, only half the level estimated in the early and mid-1990s, he continued.
		However, coca tended to be cultivated in tropical forest areas and, thus, represented an environmental threat due to the clearing of forest areas for cultivation, as well as the side effects of run-off from chemicals used in drug production and disposal difficulties faced by law enforcement.
		Moreover, while the global level of potential cocaine production had shown a declining trend in recent years, the possibility that reduced coca cultivation could be counterbalanced by increased productivity at the coca farm level must be taken seriously.
	www.un.org /News/briefings/docs/2004/McClean061704.doc.htm (460 words)

	Foldvary on Hemp Cultivation -- Legalize It (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is cultivated world-wide for its many useful products, including textiles, paper, building materials, and fuel.
		When farmers cultivated hemp for a few years, it grew fast and blocked out the sunlight the thistles needed.
		The prohibition of hemp cultivation is another example of the absurdity of the "zero tolerance" policy of the federal government's war on drug users, a war which has destroyed civil liberties, harmed the economy, violates property rights, and ruins the environment.
	www.progress.org /archive/fold57.htm (515 words)

	Clearharmony - Falundafa in Europe
		These stories reflect the depth to which the concept of cultivation permeates the whole of Chinese culture, tradition and history.
		Asked to give up his cultivation and to return to the world of gain and self-interest, Cui replied "Fame and interest seem to me nothing more than drifting smoke and clouds.
		With one foot bare and the other wearing a shoe, he was always in blue shabby clothes with a wide belt inlaid with six fl wooden buttons around his waist.
	www.clearharmony.net /cat/c1091/c1091-2.html (811 words)

	Web Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		when the cultivation to the southeast is shown, for example, it builds confidence that the rest is reasonable.
		The following map shows all cultivation in NCA and surrounding areas, except that I didn't look northeast of the Gol Mountains, etc. The patches of cultivation are not as dense as appear in this picture, it's just how the machine draws it when at such a broad scale.
		Cultivation within the forested areas northwest of Olmoti had a distinct texture.
	www.nrel.colostate.edu /~rboone/web/temp/NCACult.html (558 words)

	Mushroom Cultivation and Marketing
		Terri Marie Beauséjour, cultivation chair for the Mycological Society of San Francisco, has written an excellent article that can help the beginner who is put off by the technical aspects of mushroom cultivation.
		Mushroom flies, a common pest among many cultivated mushrooms, are attracted to the smell of decaying vegetation such as mushroom substrates.
		The mushroom cultivator must be able to carry out operations on time, be attentive to details, and be vigilant about pest invasions.
	www.attra.org /attra-pub/mushroom.html (7731 words)

	THE EFFECT OF CULTIVATION ON TRANSGENIC SUGAR BEETS
		A layaway cultivation is the final cultivation for the year and normally occurs just prior to row closure.
		Additional cultivations between cutaway and layaway are dictated by the germination of weeds throughout the early part of the season.
		It was more difficult to harvest the no cultivation plots because there was no furrow for the steering wheels of tractor pulling the harvester to follow.
	www.uidaho.edu /sugarbeet/cnfrnc/mllr.htm (882 words)

	U.S. Department of State: Press Statement on 2003 Coca Cultivation Estimates for Bolivia and Peru
		The estimates -- produced with survey-sampling techniques and satellite imagery -- indicate that overall coca cultivation levels continue to be lower for Peru and Bolivia than in the past - between 50,000 and 60,000 hectares (or 123,500 and 148,200 acres), compared to 163,900 hectares (406,470 acres) in 1995.
		Overall, net coca cultivation dropped from 36,000 hectares in 2002 to 31,150 hectares in 2003.
		While cultivation in the Chapare region, the historic illicit coca cultivation zone, fell by 15%, cultivation in the Yungas, grew by 26%.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/prs/ps/2003/26300.htm (359 words)

	ABC News: Report: Afghan Opium Cultivation Falling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		KABUL, Afghanistan Mar 27, 2005 — Opium cultivation has fallen this year because of a government ban and fear of crop eradication squads, according to a report released Sunday by the Afghan government and the United Nations.
		The report made no precise forecasts, but said that the trend was down in all but five of the country's 34 provinces because farmers had sown fewer opium poppies, which produce the raw material for heroin.
		Last year, cultivation reached a record 323,700 acres in 2004 and yielded nearly 90 percent of the world's opium.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=616972&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312 (401 words)

	cultivation
		Cannabis Cultivation is the perfect book for beginners and anyone interested in learning more about growing marijuana indoors.
		Greg Green's Cannabis Grow Bible is the culmination of 20 years of experience in marijuana cultivation and collaboration with growers from all over Europe.
		Presents traditional cultivation techniques which greatly enhance both the quantity and quality of the active resin, and modern discoveries about the nature of cannabis.
	www.quickdistco.com /cultivation.html (1425 words)

	Buddhism in a Nutshell - a Remark on Cultivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		From their point of view, cultivation depends on external aids, and if they have the fortune to meet a celebrated Buddhist Master and to learn the supreme Dharma from him, they would be able to remove their vexing passions and accumulated habits.
		As long as their cultivation is dependent on external help, rather than the practice of self-introspection, they have missed the crucial point of cultivation, consequently, no matter how hard they may try, they can get nowhere in the quest of Enlightenment.
		The necessity of cultivation cannot be too strongly stressed; to what extent we may be benefited by Buddhism entirely depends on how intensive is our effort of cultivation.
	www.buddhistdoor.com /passissue/9610/sources/teach17.htm (853 words)

	"The Revival of Lebanon's Drug Trade" (June 2001)
		When CNN Beirut bureau chief Brent Sadler and a team of cameramen traveled to an area 12 miles north of Hermel to do a story about the rise in drug cultivation, they were fired at and briefly detained by around 10 guerrillas carrying assault rifles, who confiscated all of their film equipment, including two cameras.
		After the outbreak of civil war in 1975, the breakdown of government authority and rising global demand led to a tremendous increase in cannabis and opium poppy cultivation.
		By the late eighties, around one-third of the arable land in the Beqaa Valley was devoted to drug cultivation, generating about $4 billion annually.
	www.meib.org /articles/0106_l3.htm (1325 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » UNDOC announces major reduction in 2005 opium poppy cultivation in ...
		Costa saw close links between the elimination of opium cultivation and freedom for the Afghan people: “Democracy may never come of age in Afghanistan as long as violence remains the tool in dispute resolution, resource allocation depends on corrupt officials, and half of the national income is generated by opium”, stated the UNODC Executive Director.
		In terms of opium cultivation, however, Afghanistan’s share in the global total dropped from 67 per cent in 2004 to 63 per cent in 2005.
		The decline in cultivation was uneven across the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, thus an indication that Provincial Governors were not all equally committed to the cause of drug control, in some cases actually being part of the problem.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/HMYT-6FQPXM?OpenDocument (819 words)

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