Cultural Marxism - Factbites

Cultural Marxism - Factbites
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Topic: Cultural Marxism

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	Towards a New McCarthyism [Free Republic]
		Cultural Marxism prepares the way for political internationalism, because it is a nation's culture that gives its people an identity as a political and social unit rather than an arbitrary (as hoped by the internationalists) demarcation of borders.
		The same form of cultural Marxism is at the core of various ethnic movements: the NAACP (and more militant black identity movements, such as the Black Panthers) sets up a mythical sociology where whites are "oppressors" and blacks are "the oppressed." Other examples of racial Marxism are the hispanic identity movement (e.g.
		Cultural Marxism can be seen as the social and ethical foundation for other aspects of the New Left.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a396ced355cb0.htm

	American Conservative Union Foundation
		Cultural Marxism is a branch of western Marxism, different from the Marxism-Leninism of the old Soviet Union.
		Cultural Marxism began not in the 1960s but in 1919, immediately after World War I. Marxist theory had predicted that in the event of a big European war, the working class all over Europe would rise up to overthrow capitalism and create communism.
		In this edition, Paul Weyrich refers to "cultural Marxism." He asked me, as Free Congress Foundation's resident historian, to write this column explaining what cultural Marxism is and where it came from.
	acuf.org /issues/issue47/051102cul.asp (930 words)

	Theory and Method in American Cultural Studies
		Other important schools of neo-marxism acknowledged below include the structural marxism of Louis Althusser, the cultural materialism of Raymond Williams, the eclectic semiotic marxism of Mikhail Bakhtin, Fredric Jameson's literary theoretical approaches, marxist- or materialist-feminisms, Third World marxisms (Mao, Castro/Guevara, etc.), and the surrealist-anarcho-marxism of the Situationists.
		This broad category is meant to encompass a variety of Marxist theories which have in common their rejection of economic or class determinism, and a concomitant belief in at least the semi-autonomy of the cultural sphere.
		A wide-ranging collection of sophisticated essays on crucial issues in cultural theory previously neglected by marxists, especially race, gender and the role of culture in imperialism and colonialism.
	www.wsu.edu /~amerstu/tm/marx.html (1259 words)

	Marxist / Materialist Feminism
		Cultural materialism, as developed in Raymond William's work, is presented as a remedy or supplement to Marx's historical materialism.
		In the 1970s, Hennessy states, Marxism was inadequate to the task because of its class bias and focus on production, while feminism was also problematic due to its essentialist and idealist concept of woman; this is why materialist feminism emerged as a positive alternative both to Marxism and feminism (Hennessy, 1993: xii).
		In fact, "work that claims the signature "materialist feminism" shares much in common with cultural feminism, in that it does not set out to explain or change the material realities that link women's oppression to class" (ibid, p.9).
	www.cddc.vt.edu /feminism/mar.html (1259 words)

	Arif Dirlih, The Origins of
		The May Fourth Movement was, of course, a `Cultural Revolution', and whilst noting that Meisner sees `populism' as a salient feature of Chinese `Marxism' from Li Dazhao to Mao, the writer drops the significant hint that `some have blamed the "Anti Party" activities of the Cultural Revolution upon Anarchism' (p271).
		Having awakened Chinese Marxism, the Comintern, first of all of Zinoviev, and then of Stalin, stifled it, and a real examination of China in the light of a critical analysis had to wait until after the defeat of 1927, when it was too late to have a positive effect.
		As opposed to the first healthy instincts of the founders of Chinese Marxism, `decisions concerning the revolution were made for them by others, who claimed political superiority because they commanded theoretical superiority' (p98), leading to `rocky relations' (p197) and mutual mistrust (p267).
	www.revolutionary-history.co.uk /backiss/Vol2/No4/China.html (1309 words)

	On Wu Mi's Conservatism
		Nevertheless, his contempt for populism and Marxism in politics was obvious even though he confined most of his writings to the discussion of cultural issues.
		His advocacy of the Inner Check was thus a way to restrain the widespread enthusiasm for Marxism during the New Cultural Movement.
		She cites a few cultural conservatives like Zhang Binglin (1868-1936) and Xiong Shili (1885-1968) to demonstrate that all accepted the necessity of political change and therefore felt constrained to consider cultural-moral questions apart from the political process.
	www.nhinet.org /ong.htm (4875 words)

	The Origins of Political Correctness
		Cultural Marxism, or Political Correctness, says that all history is determined by power, by which groups defined in terms of race, sex, etc., have power over which other groups.
		All of these texts simply become grist for the mill, which proves that "all history is about which groups have power over which other groups." So the parallels are very evident between the classical Marxism that we’re familiar with in the old Soviet Union and the cultural Marxism that we see today as Political Correctness.
		He is disturbed by the divisions among the Marxists, so he sponsors something called the First Marxist Work Week, where he brings Lukacs and many of the key German thinkers together for a week, working on the differences of Marxism.
	www.academia.org /lectures/lind1.html (4875 words)

	Dead But Not Gone
		He is correct that the cultural Marxism we know as political correctness has left Marxism-Leninism and orthodox Marxist economics behind.
		Instead of Marxism’s obituary, what Gottfried has actually written is the story of its transmutation into—well, into exactly what remains in dispute.
		William S. Lind is director of the Center for Cultural Conservatism at the Free Congress Foundation in Washington, D.C. October 10, 2005 Issue
	www.amconmag.com /2005/2005_10_10/review1.html (1116 words)

	[PEN-L:14538] Anarchism vs. Marxism-Leninism
		however, to invoke that as vague proof that the cultural-intellectual environment was free is simply ludicrous, and in a particularly pathetically unreconstructed way--about on the order of a herculan defense of the cultural flowering in the milieu of rabid anti-communists in the US.
	mailman.lbo-talk.org /1999/1999-December/021824.html (373 words)

	Cultural history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Colin Jones, for example, is no stranger to cultural history, Habermas, or Marxism, and has persistently argued that the Marxist interpretation is not dead, but can be revivified; after all, Habermas' logic was heavily indebted to a Marxist understanding.
		Cultural history, is a literal translation of the German term Kulturgeschichte and at least in its common definition since the 1970s, often combines the approaches of anthropology and history to look at popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.
		An area where new-style cultural history is often pointed to as being almost a paradigm is the 'revisionist' history of the French Revolution, dated somewhere since François Furet's massively influential 1978 essay Interpreting the French Revolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cultural_history (492 words)

	Cultural materialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cultural Materialists maintain moral ethic and material base of Marxism but do not subscribe to its teleological aims.
		The basic idea behind cultural materialism, as a theoretical orientation, is that social institutions do not emerge at random, but rather come to be as a result of pressures surrounding the relationship between a population and its environment.
		From political economy it adopts not only its characteristic materialism, but also the central concept of the mode of production, while from cultural ecology comes an emphasis upon the study of the relationships between various societies and their environments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cultural_materialism (489 words)

	Cultural history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Colin Jones, for example, is no stranger to cultural history, Habermas, or Marxism, and has persistently argued that the Marxist interpretation is not dead, but can be revivified; after all, Habermas' logic was heavily indebted to a Marxist understanding.
		Cultural history, at least in its common definition since the 1970s, often combines the approaches of anthropology and history to look at popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.
		Reading ideas of political culture through Habermas' conception of the public sphere, historians of the Revolution in the past few decades have looked at the role and position of cultural themes such as gender, ritual, and ideology in the context of pre-revolutionary French political culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cultural_history (489 words)

	On Wu Mi's Conservatism
		Nevertheless, his contempt for populism and Marxism in politics was obvious even though he confined most of his writings to the discussion of cultural issues.
		Another particular aspect of modern Chinese conservatism is that it is largely cultural conservatism and not basically a sociopolitical conservatism committed to the prevailing sociopolitical status quo.
		She cites a few cultural conservatives like Zhang Binglin (1868-1936) and Xiong Shili (1885-1968) to demonstrate that all accepted the necessity of political change and therefore felt constrained to consider cultural-moral questions apart from the political process.
	www.nhinet.org /ong.htm (489 words)

	Long Live Marxism-Leninism-Maoism! (RIM)
		Lenin said, "Only he is a Marxist who extends the recognition of the class struggle to the recognition of the dictatorship of the proletariat." In the light of the invaluable lessons and advances achieved through the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution led by Mao Tsetung, this dividing line has been further sharpened.
		Most importantly, Lenin raised the theory and practice of proletarian revolution to a whole new level as he led the proletariat in seizing and consolidating its political power, its revolutionary dictatorship, for the first time with the victory of the October Revolution in formerly Tsarist Russia in 1917.
		Lenin described the era in which we live as the era of imperialism and proletarian revolution.
	www.csrp.org /rim/longlivemlm.htm (2938 words)

	Marxism-Leninism. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. 2002
		Eventually, according to Marxism-Leninism, the rigid governmental structures that have characterized the former Soviet Union and other Marxist nations will not be necessary; the “withering away of the state” will occur.
		Lenin also argued that capitalist nations resort to aggressive imperialist moves as they decline and that Marxist nations must therefore be prepared for war.
		Unlike some Marxists, however, Lenin stressed bold, revolutionary action and insisted that a strong Communist party would be needed in a Marxist nation to direct the efforts of the workers.
	www.bartleby.com /59/13/marxismlenin.html (235 words)

	Introduction: A manifesto for materialism
		Materialism as method: this is already a much different way of conceiving of materialist criticism than as a practice that patiently and laboriously reassembles the hard facts of existence from the seismic charts of social life whose every tremor is opportunely and magicallly recorded in literary and cultural texts.
		cultural practices) are produced within, inserted into, and operate in the everyday life of human beings and social formation, so as to reproduce, struggle against, and perhaps transform the existing structures of power.
		If materialist criticism is thus often concerned with matter, the materiality of social and cultural forces, and with political economy, it is not just because it is "materialist" but also because these are the elements most commonly "left out" of typical examinations of cultural objects, especially in the case of literary texts.
	www.humanities.mcmaster.ca /~szeman/ecw.htm (4042 words)

	10.2.r_pieters.txt
		In contrast to the American New Historicism, British Cultural Materialism was largely influenced by a tradition of (neo)Marxist historicist critics, the most important of whom, Raymond Williams, coined the term in his Marxism and Literature.
		Cultural Materialists, so he goes on to argue, are "slightly more hopeful" (10): the space of resistance that Brannigan finds lacking in the work of their American counterparts is opened up in the space of critical reading itself--indeed, critical reading is that space.
		Brannigan follows suit: "By explaining a wide range of different cultural and social forms as the functions of one single mode of power," he writes, "Foucault imposed a monologic view of power relations on the past, and new historicists are heirs to Foucault's faults as much as they are heirs to his innovations" (53).
	jefferson.village.virginia.edu /pmc/text-only/issue.100/10.2.r_pieters.txt (2048 words)

	Katz: "Postmodern Cultural Studies: A Critique"
		Stuart Hall, in his "Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms," distinguishes between a "culturalist" paradigm, which he associates with the work of Raymond Williams and E.P. Thompson, and a "structuralist" paradigm, which he associates with the work of structuralists like Claude Levi-Strauss and the Marxism of Louis Althusser.
		Cultural studies, then, is the result of the combination of the introduction of "theory" and the "politicization" of theory enabled by these social and institutional changes.
		Cultural studies is thus committed to the study of the entire range of a society's arts, beliefs, institutions, and communicative practices.
	eserver.org /clogic/1-1/katz.html (8752 words)

	Cultural Marxism vs Western Civilization
		Buchanan rests his case on demography and immigration and on the multicultural attack led by Cultural Marxists on Western history, values, and institutions.
		Buchanan has strong opinions, but his opinions are based in facts, unlike those of his equally opinionated opponents, who have bought into the multiculturalist dogma of the evils of Western civilization wishful thinking.
		But the most fearsome fact is that the demonization of white people in the universities today is more extreme than the demonization of the Jews that was a prominent feature of German university life for 60 years prior to the rise of National Socialism.
	www.grecoreport.com /cultural_marxism_vs_western_civilization1.htm (688 words)

	Theory and Method in American Cultural Studies
		A bit later, other important works of "Western marxism," especially those of Antonio Gramsci with his concept of cultural "hegemony," and Georg Lukacs, with his concept of "reification" are rediscovered in the US.
		Other important schools of neo-marxism acknowledged below include the structural marxism of Louis Althusser, the cultural materialism of Raymond Williams, the eclectic semiotic marxism of Mikhail Bakhtin, Fredric Jameson's literary theoretical approaches, marxist- or materialist-feminisms, Third World marxisms (Mao, Castro/Guevara, etc.), and the surrealist-anarcho-marxism of the Situationists.
		"'The Special American Conditions': Marxism and American Studies," American Quarterly 38 (1986): 356-380.
	www.wsu.edu /~amerstu/tm/marx.html (688 words)

	Antonio Gramsci: Problems of Marxism
		Thesis: Marxism is depicted as a cultural moment in the history of modern culture; it is a dialectic unity containing challenges of past elements which it incorporates and supercedes.
		Thesis: marxism is rooted in the contradictions of society; as those contradictions change and disappear, so will marxism (ie, in the transition from necessity to freedom, or to communism).
		Gramsci considered their culture to be idealism, more specifically German idealism, which marxism had to combat; it remained the culture of "educated classes" or of a "restricted intellectual aristocracy".
	socserv2.mcmaster.ca /soc/courses/soc2r3/gramsci/gramarx.htm (688 words)

	Untitled Document
		It was this rich cultural canvas or cultural mosaic of the African cinema that had a liberating effect on the historical consciousness and political identity of the Los Angeles School.
		The first observation to make is that the first major African American cultural movement of the past century, the Harlem Renaissance, was centrally concerned with literary matters, whereas the last movement within the logic of modernity at the end of the century, the Los Angeles School, was wholly engaged with film matters.
		It was in this book of political and cultural criticism that Ngugi formulated the preliminary forms of the thesis that was to engaged him across the following three decades: that in the neo-colonial context or in post-colonial societies the intersection of art and politics was fundamentally about the language of artistic representation.
	www.pitzer.edu /new_african_movement/general/essays/LAschools.htm (5925 words)

	New HIstoricism/Cultural Materialism
		New Historicism/Cultural Materialism are also concerned with the conditions in which works of literature are produced and consumed, like Marxism.
		These schools argue that a work of art is embedded within a cultural system that is specific to the moment of their creation, and that they need to be read in terms of their historical moment rather than as transcendent, “timeless” works that speak universal truths.
		In these schools of criticism, the most important term is “subversion” as critics from these schools are concerned with finding voices of subversion and examining what methods or strategies power structures employ to contain these voices.
	calstaging.bemidjistate.edu /en3160f01/litcrithelp/NewHist.html (102 words)

	Andrew Milner, publication - Cultural Materialism
		It situates cultural materialism in relation to earlier paradigms such as literary humanism and Marxism.
		Cultural Materialism is both an introduction and a contribution to cultural theory.
		The term 'cultural materialism', coined by Raymond Williams, describes this emergent body of cultural theory.
	www.arts.monash.edu.au /cclcs/staff/milner/pubs/materialism.html (217 words)

	The Next Conservatism: The Centrality of Culture
		The ideology usually known as "Political Correctness," which is really the cultural Marxism of the infamous Frankfurt School, is using every type of cultural institution in our country to achieve its purpose, which is the destruction of traditional Western culture and the Christian religion.
		Today, what was called the "counter-culture" in the 1960s now controls almost every cultural venue: the entertainment industry (which is now the most powerful force in our culture), the government schools, the media, even many churches.
		Conservatives must remain strongly involved in politics, to prevent the cultural Marxists from mobilizing all the power of the state to crush us.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2005/7/26/170952.shtml (217 words)

	Tolerance.org: 'Cultural Conservatism' Leader Speaks at Revisionist Conference
		Lind’s theory was one that has been pushed since the mid-1990s by the Free Congress Foundation -- the idea that a small group of German philosophers, known as the Frankfurt School, had devised a cultural form of "Marxism" that was aimed at subverting Western civilization.
		September 26, 2002 -- William Lind has long been a point man for cultural conservatism, a key player in the world of right-wing politicians, and, in recent years, the head of the Free Congress Foundation’s Center for Cultural Conservatism.
		Tolerance.org: 'Cultural Conservatism' Leader Speaks at Revisionist Conference
	www.tolerance.org /news/article_hate.jsp?id=618 (217 words)

	Martha Gimenez: Review of George Snedeker's "The Politics of Critical Theory"
		Paradoxically, 20th century European theorists sympathetic to Marx but critical of the excesses of Soviet marxism and "vulgar marxism", fell into relative oblivion in the U.S., though their proclivity to "privilege" the cultural and subjective elements of the social totality could have led to a positive reception in the U.S. academy.
		The reduction of marxism at best to political economy and, at worst, to "economic determinism" and "class reductionism" has colored theoretical developments at the turn of the 20th century and is manifested in the "privileging" of culture, language, discourse, agency, and subjectivity.
		Other Western Marxists whose insights Snedeker explores are Lukacs, Althusser and Raymond Williams and he broadens the scope of Western Marxism to include Edward Said and Oliver Cox.
	eserver.org /clogic/2005/gimenez.html (846 words)

	Theory in chaos csmonitor.com
		All the stranger, then, that, according to Eagleton, "cultural theory as we have it promises to grapple with some fundamental problems, but on the whole fails to deliver." Eagleton now accuses theory of toying with esoterica while ignoring the real issues of life dealt with by literature.
		The idea was to move away from viewing literature as having any innate "truth" of its own, and rather to study it in relationship to larger schools of thought.
		Still an unreconstructed champion of the lower classes (he writes movingly of his impoverished childhood in his 2001 memoir, "The Gatekeeper"), Eagleton has always enjoyed the gadfly role and boasts that Prince Charles once called him "that dreadful Terry Eagleton."
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/0127/p11s01-legn.htm (1435 words)

	Untitled Document
		The cultural crisis in Africa today is a crisis of a bourgeois elite and not of the masses of the people, however economically and culturally dominated they are by this bankrupt elite.
		This particular version of Classical African Marxism was superior to Western Marxism because it insisted on the unity of theory and practice, one of the cardinal points of Classical Marxism, while the illusions of Classical African Marxism as practiced by Fanon were no more debilitating than those of the tradition of Adorno, Althusser and Gramsci.
		Fanon's stretching of Classical Marxism within the colonial context was to lead him to argue that the peasantry was the only revolutionary class, whereas the proletariat was privileged and conservative.
	pzadmin.pitzer.edu /masilela/general/essays/africanism.htm (1435 words)

	Culture and Public Action: Further Reading
		Unlike ecological materialism and other forms of Marxism, Structural Marxists identified the determining forces at play not as environment, technology or economy, but as the social relations within which people were embedded (kinship systems, for example).
		Structural Marxism was a mix of the French inspired Marxism of Meillasoux and Godelier and the structuralism of Levi-Strauss.
		Such a perspective argued that British social anthropology had masked the politics of social and cultural life.
	www.cultureandpublicaction.org /conference/cc_neomarxism.htm (1435 words)

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