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Topic: Cultural bias

Related Topics

Culture

Cultural evolution

Ethnocentrism

Cultural diversity

Articles on ethnocentrism

Media bias

Kantian

Western culture

Cultural imperialism

Afrocentrism

Cognitive bias

Hostile media effect

Propaganda model

Eurocentrism

Psychology

	Cultural bias
		Cultural bias is interpreting and judging phenomena in terms particular to one's own culture.
		The problem of cultural bias is central to social and human sciences, such as Economics, Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology, which have had to develope methods and theories to compensate for or eliminate cultural bias.
		The way cultural bias occurs is that people of a culture tend to make assumptions about conventions, including conventions of language, notation, proof and evidence.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/cu/Culture_bias.html (556 words)

	Cultural Bias in Alcoholism Counseling
		Such behavior may be interpreted by the culturally different counselor as a disinterest in counseling and contribute to the counselor's perception of patient denial and affect the evaluation of the client's progress in therapy.
		Cultural bias in this example reduces counselor sensitivity to specific client issues and increases the likelihood of treatment being dictated by a diagnosis based upon the misperception of cultural difference as pathology.
		As issues of cultural bias are addressed and the alcoholism counselor is successful in avoiding cultural encapsulation, the results of therapy with culturally different clients with alcoholism are significantly improved.
	www.robertchapman.net /essays/bias.htm (2316 words)

	Cognitive bias
		Cognitive bias is any of a wide range of observer effects identified in cognitive science, including very basic statistical and memory errors that are common to all human beings (first identified by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman) and drastically skew the reliability of anecdotal and legal evidence.
		Bias arises from various life, loyalty and local risk and attention concerns that are difficult to separate or codify.
		The most all-encompassing example of cognitive bias may be the Anthropic Principle: in its "weak" form, this states that we humans cannot observe any of the possible universes in which humans cannot exist, and therefore all human observations of the universe are constrained by the many fundamental constants that gave rise to human cognition itself!
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/co/Cognitive_bias.html (547 words)

	Cultural Validity in Assessment Project
		Or cultural bias is estimated and corrected statistically after the final version of a test is administered to samples of different populations of students.
		Cultural validity is attained when proper consideration is given to the values, beliefs, experiences, communication patterns, and epistemologies inherent to a given culture that influence how students from that culture make sense of test items and how they respond to them.
		Whereas current approaches to cultural diversity in assessment focus on detecting and correcting for cultural bias, an approach based on the notion of cultural validity focuses on understanding the cultural influences that shape student thinking as they engage in responding to test items.
	www.edgateway.net /cs/cvap/print/docs/cvap/pub_2.htm (2523 words)

	Approaching Youth Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		Their disdain for the cultures of ordinary people and marginalized groups is the continuation of a cultural struggle lasting for centuries, and it puts them in direct conflict with movements for multicultural education and symbolic literacy.
		It is our job not to teach them the content and structure of their cultures but to encourage them to use their already existing expertise to reflect on their culture and on culture in general in new and powerful ways.
		Once we demonstrate that personal cultural experience is a fundamental tool from which meaningful knowledge about culture springs, we can help students develop their own tools and questions to apply to cultures of power and to their own cultural experience.
	www.brown.edu /Students/SSC/thesis/narratives/approaching.htm (3605 words)

	Abstract from 1996 SRA-Europe Annual Meeting
		In cultural theory this typology of cultural bias and its explanatory power is marred by circularity of evidence.
		One underlying assumption for cultural theory seems to be precisely the 'configurationalist' presupposition of a neat correspondence between culture and individual personality, the latter taken to a microrepresentation of the former.
		However, 'cultural theory' has been concerned mainly, not with cross-cultural comparisons of risk perception in different societies, as would have been expected from the claims raised by the original theory on 'cultural bias', but rather with comparisons within one particular society, construed as a miscellany of separate cultures'.
	www.riskworld.com /abstract/1996/sraeurop/ab6ad142.htm (1979 words)

	Cultural Responsiveness in Family Services
		Cultural responsiveness can aid in differentiating the limitations in family functioning that may be caused by poverty, the environment, and/or culture from those due to unhealthy family conditions or behaviors.
		Culturally responsive approaches must include information, activities, and practice opportunities that interweave family centered practice guiding principles, such as strengths based, collegial relationships with families; protecting children within their own family units; and involvement of the entire family in the intervention process.
		Culturally responsive services will support the attitudes, knowledge, and skills essential for successful living in a complex and diverse world, and produce outcomes that are long lasting and that strengthen and keep families together.
	www.archrespite.org /archfs50.htm (2514 words)

	IDP Home Page
		Bias is defined as any attitude, belief or feeling that results in or justifies unfair treatment of an individual because of his or her identity (i.e.
		Bias is communicated in a multitude of ways: verbally and non-verbally, in written or graphic materials, and in the design of physical spaces.
		Bias in written materials includes the use of characterizations and stereotypes, inappropriate language and terminology, and cultural tokenism.
	www.nps.gov /idp/interp/201/identbias.htm (2316 words)

	Language In Cross-Cultural Understanding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		The words and ideas that Westerners typically associates with Africa and other non-western cultures are: "Third World" "natives" who live in "huts" and practice "witch craft." Unfortunately most of the messages we have received since childhood about our fellow non-western man and woman grossly simplify their lives and denigrates their state of being.
		Our linking of development and culture is often ethnocentric and tends to misrepresents and undervalues the sophistication of the culture, values, ethics, morals and social institutions of other civilizations.
		Additionally, because of the overall structure of the culture the religious leaders may be de facto leaders of the society, at once psychologists, physicians, diviners, musicians and spiritual healers.
	www.ibike.org /language.htm (2162 words)

	Justical Toleration of Racial Bias
		More surprising than their conclusion that racial bias permeates Minnesota's justice system was the fact that the authors of the report included many of the judges who had been presiding over this unfair system for so long.
		Incidents of racial bias in trials continue to be ignored or are treated as insignificant by the court.
		The problem of racial bias in the Minnesota courts is perplexing because the Minnesota bench has not been occupied by evil jurists bent on perpetuating racism.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/03justice/justice02a.htm (1655 words)

	Cultural Bias in IQ Testing - Liberal Arts & Crafts network
		As was discussed in the article on intelligence tests, some test designers have been able to minimize cultural bias in the test instruments.
		True, the American culture should be one culture if we are to be one nation; however, a five year old*** citizen born of immigrant parents who do not speak English should be entitled to learn and excel along with other five year old citizens.
		This economic bias is compounded by the fact that most public school teachers are from a white, middle-class culture.
	www.liberalartsandcrafts.net /contentcatalog/social/bias.shtml (457 words)

	Cultural bias in a nonverbal intelligence test
		This study made clear which items of the three subtests should be improved, not only for reasons of cultural bias, but also because children, irrespective of their cultural background, encountered problems with the recognition of several pictures.
		A second research result with positive implications for the culture-fairness of the SON tests for immigrants is the finding that there is no relation between length of stay in the Netherlands and their IQ-scores, suggesting that in the SON test, intelligence is not dependent on knowledge of the Dutch language (Snijders, Tellegen and Laros, 1989).
		The bias is most likely due to the inclusion of a sledge as one of the correct alternatives, an object that is seldom or never used in Brazil as a consequence of its climate.
	www.testresearch.nl /sonroe/braze.html (5490 words)

	From Melting Pot to Salad Bowl: An Exploration of Cultural Bias in America -- As Simple As That™
		When you make an assumption or generalization about another culture (or about a person based on his or her cultural heritage), you are demonstrating cultural bias.
		One form of cultural bias many of us tend to overlook is the expectation of assimilation.
		I believe it means to be someone who can celebrate and respect cultures, races, and choices without losing their uniqueness—someone who is part of something larger than themselves, a whole with many varying parts to be celebrated and learned from.
	www.simpleasthat.com /content/articles.php?id=00109 (957 words)

	Systemic bias - SourceWatch
		A systemic bias arises from the point of view of participants in an editing, authoring, social or political process, not from the facts they have or ideas they consider.
		However, all human beings share a cognitive bias simply from the fact of being human, and such fields as physics, economics and ecology must deal directly with this as a bias.
		Ignoring systemic bias and claiming objectivity is itself one of many well-known propaganda techniques roughly described as ignoring the implicature, by cognitive linguistics.
	www.sourcewatch.org /wiki.phtml?title=Systemic_bias (422 words)

	Patient Perceptions of Bias and Cultural Competence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		Another Fund-supported study, "Racial and Ethnic Differences in Patient Perceptions of Bias and Cultural Competence in Health Care," looked at interpersonal aspects of care, which in studies of health disparities have received less attention than have clinical aspects of care.
		Cultural competence can be defined broadly as the need for health care professionals to recognize and respond to their own and their patients' cultures.
		By contrast, most racial and ethnic differences in patient ratings of bias or cultural competence on the part of individual physicians were explained, almost entirely, by demographic variables, health literacy, medical communication, and source of care.
	www.cmwf.org /publications/publications_show.htm?doc_id=230768 (933 words)

	Racial Bias Built into Tests
		In the case against the Texas TAAS test (see related story), plaintiffs presented research showing that standard test-construction methods built in racial bias.
		This procedure means that on items covering the same materials, the ones with the greatest gaps between high and low scorers will be used.
		Bias review techniques which utilize point-biserial correlations will be unable to detect this flaw.
	www.fairtest.org /examarts/winter00/Racial_Bias_Built_into_Tests.html (705 words)

	Josephson: Cultural bias against psi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		Criteria for judging claims must be adapted to the characteristics of the phenomena under consideration.
		In the case of parapsychology, there is the complication of the prevailing 'cultural bias' against the subject.
		Bias seeks primarily to rationalise a belief, rather to arrive at the truth: arguments are selected in accord with whether they point in the desired direction or not.
	twm.co.nz /cultbias_jos.html (276 words)

	Therapists: a cultural bias? - cultural aspects of mental health assessment Psychology Today - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		Had the woman been white and from Connecticut, the therapist might have seen her hallucinations as symptoms of schizophrenia, but after considering her cultural background, he concluded that her problem was not that serious.
		Lopez and Hernandez are glad to see that therapists are sensitive to the role that culture can play in mental health, but they worry that clinicians may have mistaken ideas about what is normal in a given ethnic group.
		Since the research literature is limited, they urge therapists to draw upon the expertise of their colleagues, their clients' families and the clients themselves in deciding what is normal or abnormal for members of minority groups.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1175/is_v21/ai_5128064 (594 words)

	To all the posters for this cycle!: Law School Vault Message Board (cultural bias) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		cultural bias as in the culture the students grew up in more than the fact that tests itself are racially biased.
		I have met a lot of people that shared the same opinions of Berkeley as you do; based on the types of people that were rejected and accepted, their regard for the school was greatly diminished.
		So, I don't think those of us who are not part of a minority culture can accurately interpret any number of things that slip through the cracks when one's upbringing is a little bit different.
	www.vault.com /messages/Law_School/Law_School1117695.html (299 words)

	"" by Steven Plaut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		The problem of thermometer measurement bias has received increasing attention in recent years and is now recognized as being an integral contributing factor to unfairness and intolerance rampant among the American public.
		The problem is very similar to the ''cultural biases'' thought to be found in intelligence testing and similar college-entrance measures.
		The idea is that thermometer bias will be offset by recording and reporting temperatures in each city on the basis of deviations from the mean temperatures for that city alone.
	www.chronwatch.com /content/contentDisplay.asp?aid=6294 (923 words)

	Altschul: The Circ/UTI Controversy
		I believe one must start by establishing a basis for discussion that is free of cultural bias.
		In an attempt to escape this bias, I have put newborn (male) circumcision on a list of primitive cultural practices that can be discussed together.
		Cultural Bias and the Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Circumcision Controversy.
	www.cirp.org /library/disease/UTI/altschul (1589 words)

	Is there cultural bias in schools? \| The Janesville Gazette \| Janesville, Wisconsin, USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		It may well be that part of the problem is an "unconscious bias" on the part of Janesville educators, according to a report presented Tuesday to the Janesville School Board.
		For example, a student who is loud and boisterous could be expressing himself in a way that is appropriate for his culture, but a teacher might correct what she sees as misbehavior, Hilliker said.
		The new emphasis on cultural sensitivity is in part a response to the federal No Child Left Behind law.
	www.gazetteextra.com /skuldiversity092706.asp (760 words)

	Bias - SourceWatch
		cultural bias derived from our social surroundings, family and customs, well understood in pluralistic societies, e.g.
		confirmation bias, rampant even in the sciences, where the original assumptions prejudice conclusions to avoid contradicting those original assumptions
		Media bias consists of all of these and more related to journalism practices accepted professionally in different countries or traditions, and pressures applied by advertiser, government, regulator, owner and reader/viewer, each of which perceives themselves as "unbiased" - laughably.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Bias (286 words)

	School of Education Cultural Diversity in Psychological Practice
		Cultural Diversity in Psychological Practice will address professional issues and trends, examine testing and assessment issues, survey and evaluate research literature, and discuss intervention theories and techniques with regard to multiculturalism and cultural diversity in psychological practice.
		Culture and DSM-IV Disorders: Somatoform Disorders; Narratives, Castillo, 11; PCSA 4-7.
		Culture and DSM-IV Disorders: Dissociative and Psychotic Disorders.
	www.howard.edu /schooleducation/departments/HDPES/HUDE253-447.htm (900 words)

	Whosoever: Sex, Cultural Bias and the Bible (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		I remember two encounters I had with the chill of negative cultural bias when I caught a glimpse of its otherwise hidden operation in the area of religion.
		This first encounter with cultural bias was accompanied by guilt and humor.
		Eastern cultures are renowned for their indirectness -- of not calling a spade a spade.
	www.whosoever.org /v8i3/sex.shtml (2692 words)

	Cultural Biases in Fossil Record
		An example of this societal influence is the Age of Enlightenment of the mid-19th century.
		Of extreme importance when considering human fossils is the notion of man’s place in nature and the understanding of evolutionary processes by the ‘culture’ that discovers and describes these fossils.
		A major bias occurs simply as the result of applying this specifically European concept to the pre-history of the other continents.
	www.archaeologyinfo.com /perspectives003.htm (2532 words)

	Bias
		Bias is present in every aspect of our lives, including our dealings with health and medical information, whether online, or in person with health professionals.
		Bias is inevitable; we as human being are not and cannot be perfect.
		One major problem with bias is that people are generally unaware of any biases they hold.
	www.slais.ubc.ca /courses/libr500/05-06-wt1/www/M_Wiebe/bias.htm (320 words)

	Pediatric Physical Therapy
		Is there cultural bias with the majority of the standardized assessments that we use in the USA?
		The child scored very low on the testing and my classmate felt that the child's score was impacted by their lack of familiarity with testing tasks, such as stringing beads.
		Also, in the child's culture, parents typically do not play in such a way with their young children.
	www.pediatricphysicaltherapy.com /dcforum/DCForumID2/254.html (387 words)

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