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Topic: Cultural dimensions

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	PA-02-043: SOCIAL AND CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
		Culture Studies to improve the conceptualization and operationalization of culture as well as of social and cultural change in health research.
		Efforts are needed to identify those definitions and dimensions of cultural phenomena and intra-cultural and inter-cultural variation and change that are most useful in understanding health, and the mechanisms through which cultural phenomena influence health.
		Research on cultural belief systems (such as religion or the nature of health/disease), at the individual, family, community, and institutional levels, and their relationships to health, including recovery from disease and addiction, with particular attention to potential mediating mechanisms (e.g., socially-determined patterns of stress and coping with stress).
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-02-043.html (4893 words)

	Cultural Dimensions of the International Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		However, cultural studies are evolving rapidly and their importance in IR studies is also growing.
		The monography Cultural Dimensions of International Relations is a history of ideas in which she tries to draw our attention not only to certain problems of cultural studies but also to put them in the context of IR studies.
		According to Ogburn, the material culture is the primary bearer of cultural changes and the non-material (spiritual) culture merely follows the former one.
	www.fdv.uni-lj.si /jird/backissu/jird/vol3/drulakova.htm (1797 words)

	FWDP -- The Cultural Dimensions of Environmental Decision-Making (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Culture might be better perceived in policy as a 'national treasure' that warrants consideration in all decisions affecting its territorial basis.
		The basis of most cultural conflict over the environment is rooted in the structural differences between the state bureaucracy which seeks centralised forms of environmental management and any local population that seeks a territorial basis for cultural maintenance.
		Culture, a relationship between people (P) and territory (T) is displayed in Figure 2 as a formula that is subject to five forms of forceful intervention: (1) genocide; (2) forced removal; (3) occupation; (4) ethnocide, and (5) ecocide.
	www.cwis.org /fwdp/artrack.html (2900 words)

	Culture And Social Animation
		This sociological definition of culture, which is society itself, is not the common everyday definition of culture, where people usually think only of drumming and dancing, or only the arts (they belong to only one of the six dimensions of culture, the aesthetic).
		The aesthetic-value dimension of culture is the structure of ideas, sometimes paradoxical, inconsistent, or contradictory, that people have about good and bad, about beautiful and ugly, and about right and wrong, which are the justifications that people cite to explain their actions.
		The belief-conceptual dimension of culture is another structure of ideas, also sometimes contradictory, that people have about the nature of the universe, the world around them, their role in it, cause and effect, and the nature of time, matter, and behaviour.
	www.scn.org /cmp/modules/emp-cul.htm (1973 words)

	Cultural Dimensions: UNESCO
		Providing a new anchor and entry point for approaching the issue of sustainability from the viewpoint of cultural diversity is the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, adopted by the UNESCO General Conference in late 2001.The declarationis predicated on the consideration of culture as a full-fledged resource for development.
		Cultural diversity presupposes the existence of a process of exchanges, open to renewal and innovation but also committed to tradition, and does not aim at the preservation of a static set of behaviours, values and expressions.
		In terms of intangible and oral heritage, the world is experiencing the rapid disappearance of local languages and of traditional cultures and their underlying spirituality, and of knowledge traded over generations, which is profoundly relevant for sustainability.
	portal.unesco.org /en/ev.php-URL_ID=1219&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (493 words)

	Brendan McSweeney on Geert Hofstede (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As well as supposing the existence of such cultures, and the typicality of what he could identify in that company, he had to make a number of other and equally implausible assumptions in order to be able to assert that he could describe, indeed measure, these cultures.
		An acceptance that organisations have multiple cultures and not a single culture would seem to undermine a crucial, and much trumpeted, part of his analysis: that all respondents were from the same company and therefore had the same organisational culture.
		First, the generalisations about national level culture from an analysis of small subnational populations necessarily relies on the unproven, and unprovable, supposition that within each nation there is a uniform national culture and on a mere assertion that micro-local data from a section of IBM employees was representative of that supposed national uniformity.
	geert-hofstede.international-business-center.com /mcsweeney.shtml (3165 words)

	Cultural dimensions of Business Ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In either case, the culture that results is usually a general, predominant composite of all the constituent parts giving rise to an intangible entity that incorporates its different elements (an intersubjective identity).
		Culture is opposed to nature in that it is constructed by man (man-made) not by the physical universe (though the physical universe has an impact on the way in which man constructs culture).
		Culture and ethics are interrelated and intertwined in such a way that it makes it difficult to know which factor is guiding / motivating the behaviour arising from a given situation.
	www.philodialogue.com /10.html (1472 words)

	» Geert Hofstede cultural dimensions - Cross Cultural Communication
		The Hofstede Model of Cultural Dimensions can be of great use when it comes to analyzing a country’s culture.
		It is to be used as a guide to understanding the difference in culture between countries, not as law set in stone.
		Especially in group-oriented cultures, individuals might tend to answer questions as if they were addressed to the group he/she belongs to.
	www.clearlycultural.com /geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions (356 words)

	Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Resources
		Some claim that local cultural and institutional factors are crucial in shaping the development of management and organization and particularly employees’ attitudes towards working life (Hofstede 1980).
		The third culture argument is that national and local cultures and identities increasingly have to relate to global discourses, but they do not necessarily adopt them.
		To the extent that we can think of a global culture in daily life or in practice, not just as an ideal or a universal concept, third culture discourses may be the closest we can come to tentatively defining a global culture in practice.
	www.geert-hofstede.com /geert_hofstede_contrarian_position.shtml (1995 words)

	The Cultural Dimensions of Standardized Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		They are ingredients of the factors or the "dimensions" of the organization's culture that attempt to adapt the organization to its external environment and the members to the internal order of the organization.
		By the "dimensions" of culture, reference is made to the term used in Edgar H. Schein's seminal analysis of organizational culture.
		This dimension is comprised of these elements: (1) assumptions as to what is real and factual and as to how truth and reality is revealed or discovered: (2) assumptions as to the definition, measurement, importance, and overall nature of time; and (3) assumptions about the nature of space and its role in relationships.
	www.pamij.com /fraser.html (8055 words)

	Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Resources
		Geert Hofstede gathered extensive data on the world's cultures and we have generated our impressions of that data into charts and graphs that help to better understand the many sublet implications contained in his raw data.
		In these cultures, males dominate a significant portion of the society and power structure, with females being controlled by male domination.
		In these cultures, females are treated equally to males in all aspects of the society.
	www.geert-hofstede.com /geert_hofstede_resources.shtml (1149 words)

	Rhetoric II: Sample Annotated Bibliography
		She begins with a discussion of variations in cultural orientation along six dimensions--individual, world, human relations, activity, time, and space--and the impact of these variations on organizations.
		And lastly, she discusses issues germane to those who work in international corporations such as culture shock, adjustment to a foreign country, and reentry into a home country; global transition from the spouse's perspective; and advancement in and the advantages and disadvantages of a global career.
		These articles address the ways in which individuals are affected by and react to the different cultural dimensions encountered in international and intercultural immersion experiences.
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /tcnj/rhetoric2/annotatedbibl.htm (1233 words)

	Amazon.ca: Cultures and Organizations: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cultures and Organizations helps to understand the differences in the way strategists and their followers think, offering practical solutions for those in business to help solve conflict between different groups.
		Culture matters - that is surely the case, but the issue is whether it matters in the specific ways posited by this book, and it is not at all clear that it does.
		Setting aside the problematic nature of the notion of "national" culture in multiethnic societies (plus issues of class, generation etc.), Hofstede argues on the basis of surveys given to IBM employees circa.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0070293074 (670 words)

	Cross-cultural communication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cross-cultural communication tries to bring together such relatively unrelated areas as cultural anthropology and established areas of communication.
		The main theories for cross-cultural communication are based on the work done looking at value differences (or Cultural dimensions) among cultures, especially the works of Edward T. Hall, Geert Hofstede, Harry C. Triandis, Fons Trompenaars and more recently Shalom Schwartz.
		Notably the European-funded research project media-net-works which illustrates ways in which virtual communities can be established to achieve an understanding of how people from different cultures communicate with each other.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intercultural_communication (353 words)

	Hofstede's cultural dimensions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Power distance is often reflected in the hierarchical organisation of companies, the respect that is expected to be shown by the student towards her or his teacher, the political forms of decentralisation and centralisation, by the belief in society that inequalities among people should be minimised, or that they are expected and desired.
		Hofstede defines this dimension as: "individualism pertains to societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family.
		It is particularly useful, as it reduces the complexities of culture and its interactions into five relatively easily understood cultural dimensions.
	stephan.dahl.at /intercultural/Hofstede_dimensions.html (565 words)

	Cultural Dimensions: UNESCO
		From early work on intercultural dialogue as a key strategy for peace building to the 2001 Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity and its emphasis on culture as a full-fledged resource for development.
		CSI serves as a platform for environmentally sound, socially equitable, culturally respectful and economically viable development in coastal regions and small islands.
		Focuses on the identification, protection and preservation of the cultural and natural heritage considered to be outstanding value to humanity.
	portal.unesco.org /en/ev.php-URL_ID=1219&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=-473.html (187 words)

	Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions
		One example of cultural differences in business is between the Middle Eastern countries and the Western countries, especially the United States.
		This is just one example why it is critical to understand other cultures you may be doing business with - whether on a vacation in a foreign country, or negotiating a multi-million dollar deal for your company.
		Cultures scoring low on this dimension believe in absolute truth, are conventional and traditional, have a short term orientation and a concern for stability.
	www.geert-hofstede.com (1160 words)

	Cultural Dimensions and Global Web User-Interface Design
		His focus was not on defining culture as refinement of the mind (or "highly civilized" attitudes and behavior) but rather on highlighting essential patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that are well-established by late childhood.
		Cultures vary in their avoidance of uncertainty, creating different rituals and having different values regarding formality, punctuality, legal-religious-social requirements, and tolerance for ambiguity.
		These cultures tend to be less expressive and less openly anxious; people behave quietly without showing aggression or strong emotions (though their caffeine consumption may be intended to combat depression from their inability to express their feelings.) People seem easy-going, even relaxed.
	www.amanda.com /resources/hfweb2000/hfweb00.marcus.html (3924 words)

	chez Nadezhda :: More "cultural" dimensions of development
		Cultural variables seem to explain a lot: religion and politics accounted for about half of the variation across municipalities.
		But Schiller's cultural factors also provide a note of caution -- he points to conditions that are likely to be necessary for geographic centers to take root and be sustainable, only some of which are in the control of policymakers.
		Assistance providers must be "culturally aware" -- in the sense not only of possessing a general body of knowledge about a country, but of knowing how to learn about and appreciate the importance of a range of (often conflicting) cultural dynamics within the country.
	cheznadezhda.blogharbor.com /blog/_archives/2005/8/9/1123247.html (1253 words)

	Hofstede (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This dimension focuses on relationship between the individual and the group.
		In High Power Distance cultures: obedience to authority (parent, boss, officials) is expected; language filled with power or hierarchy indicators; managers / teachers tend to be autocratic while subordinates expect direct supervision.
		Cultures in warm climates tend to be masculine; cooler climates tend to be feminine.
	www2.andrews.edu /~tidwell/bsad560/Hofstede.html (377 words)

	Geert Hofstede - Organisations@Onepine
		National cultures differ mostly on the values level; organisation cultures at the levels of symbols, heroes and rituals, together labelled 'practices'.
		National culture differences are reflected in solutions to organisation problems in different countries, but also in the validity of management theories in these countries.
		Scores on the dimensions are also related to a number of other 'hard' characteristics of the organisations.
	www.onepine.info /phof.htm (1004 words)

	Jerusalem ,,Cultural Dimensions
		Palestine is the land of cultured and innovative Canaanites, the original Palestinians, who excelled relatively in independent characteristics in plastic arts, music, dance, sculpturing and drawing.
		Despite the Zionist occupation of Palestine in the catastrophic year of 1948 and the forced exodus of 90 per cent of its people, the Palestinians did not loose touch with their heritage and embarked on the tremendous task of resurrecting their past.
		Most important, the Palestinian culture has been demonstrated by a treasure of valuable masterpieces exhibited at the Islamic museum of al-Haram al-Sharif (al-Aqsa Mosque) in Jerusalem.
	www.jerusalemites.org /jerusalem/cultural_dimensions (439 words)

	PA-05-029: Social and Cultural Dimensions of Health
		Research is required to clarify the social, cultural, and economic factors that influence the social integration of individuals and the social cohesion of groups, including the causal dynamics of social networks.
		More research is needed on cultural processes and belief systems (such as religion or the nature of health/disease), at the individual, family, community, and institutional levels, and their relationships to health, including recovery from disease and addiction, with particular attention to potential mediating mechanisms (e.g., socially-determined patterns of stress and coping with stress).
		Required are investigations of the coping strategies people use to adapt to illness and disability, the influence of social, cultural, and economic factors on these strategies, and the impact of these strategies on health and well-being at the individual, family, and community level.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-05-029.html (6849 words)

	American Cultural Dimensions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		What is euphemistically called 'progressive' education, and its internal culture of unions, legislatures and administrators have read the declining standards as being caused by a lack of funding'or a lack of adequate pay for teachers'or lack of special programs'or even that classrooms are too large.
		This is 'cultural elitism' at its worst in a nation that treasures freedom of choice and market economics.
		So, an astronomer living next door might well be intimately linked to the world-wide "community" of astronomers, sharing daily experiences, and at the same time, have no relationship or common interest whatever with their next door neighbor, or anyone else in that residential community.
	bestofwhidbeyisland.mp2.homes.com /content/article.html?id=72801 (18888 words)

	Cultural Dimensions (Hofstede)
		The cultural dimensions model of Geert Hofstede is a framework that describes five sorts (dimensions) of differences / value perspectives between national cultures:
		The extent to which a culture is conducive to dominance, assertiveness and acquisition of things.
		Versus a culture which is more conducive to people, feelings and the quality of life.
	www.12manage.com /methods_hofstede.html (354 words)

	Cultural Dimensions: Marseilles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		You shouldn't forget about a trip to the Chateau D'If which is a prison one of the islands just outside of the port where both Edmond Dantes and "The Man in the Iron Mask" were supposedly kept, according to the stories of Alexandre Dumas.
		There is an old workhouse and hospice that has been restored called the "Old Charity Cultural Centre," as well as many other museums in the city that are demonstrative of Marseilles' past and antiquity (Michelin: France 159).
		On the streets the people you see are of all different races and nationalities, and there is something about it that makes you feel insecure and opportunistic at the same time.
	www.berea.edu /faculty/pearcej/Zolondek/Marseilles.html (752 words)

	Geert Hofstede
		In recent years the work of Dr. Geert Hofstede™; and his cultural dimensions has been carefully reviewed by academic scholars and educators around the world.
		As a result of this more careful analysis and scrutiny there are now questions, and in some cases open criticism, of the assumptions Geert Hofstede™; utilized in arriving at his conclusions and theories.
		"Hofstede's Model of National Cultural Differences and Their Consequences: A triumph of faith - A failure of analysis" (abridged version) by Dr. Brendan McSweeney was published in the January 2002 Human Relations journal, with the abridged version published by the European Business Forum and, reproduced here by permission.
	geert-hofstede.international-business-center.com /index.shtml (793 words)

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