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Topic: Cultural genocide

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	Rethinking Cultural Genocide Under International Law
		Genocide is directed against the national group as an entity, and the actions involved are directed against individuals, not in their individual capacity, but as members of the national group.
		Cultural genocide ultimately was excluded from the final Convention, except for a limited prohibition on the forcible transfer of a group’s children.
		Cultural genocide is a unique wrong that should be recognized independently and that rises to the level of meriting individual criminal responsibility.
	www.cceia.org /resources/publications/dialogue/2_12/section_1/5139.html (1517 words)

	Mongolia Today - online magazine \| Cultural Genocide
		Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia were renowned for their their wealth and splendor, containing treasures of material and intellectual culture collected during the centuries of Buddhist religion development.
		Full of life with crowds of pilgrims, believers and monks, they served as major centers of culture and education as well as the community life.Datsans or teological institutes and various schools offered education in all areas of Buddhist knowledge: pholosophy, medicine, astronomy, arts and mathematics.
		Monasteries served as the main centers of cultural and social life attracting thousands of belivers.
	www.mongoliatoday.com /issue/6/culture.html (425 words)

	Human Rights Brief - Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law - Washington College of Law
		The definition of genocide that is most widely accepted and generally recognized as the authoritative definition of this crime, inclusive for purposes of customary law, is that adopted by the United Nations through the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 9 December 1948 (Genocide Convention).
		Genocidal acts do not necessarily entail the immediate destruction of a group, but can be part of an overall plan which aims at the destruction of the essential foundations of the life of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
		Hence, the crucial question to be answered is whether the concept of genocide is adequate to deal with forced relocations in the context of development projects that result in both the physical and cultural extinction of an ethnic and racial minority and indigenous group.
	www.wcl.american.edu /hrbrief/09/3genocide.cfm (3188 words)

	Crimes Of War Project > The Book
		The definition of genocide set forth in the Genocide Convention is authoritative and has been incorporated verbatim in the statutes of the Yugoslavia and Rwanda tribunals as well as that of a permanent International Criminal Court (ICC) that will be created after sixty states have ratified the statute adopted in Rome in July 1998.
		The objectives of such a plan would be disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups, and the destruction of the personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups.
		genocide was committed in Rwanda in 1994 against the Tutsi as a group.” That the execution of this genocide “was probably facilitated by the conflict” did not negate the fact that genocide occurred.
	www.crimesofwar.org /thebook/genocide.html (1609 words)

	The Genocide Convention - Secretariat (1947) and Ad Hoc Committee( 1948) Drafts - - Prevent Genocide International
		Preamble: The High Contracting Parties proclaim that Genocide, which is the intentional destruction of a group of human beings, defies universal conscience, inflicts irreparable loss on humanity by depriving it of the cultural and other contributions of the group so destroyed, and is in contradiction with the spirit and aims of the United Nations.
		Persons charged with genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in Article IV shall be tried by a competent tribunal of the State in the territory of which the act was committed or by a competent international tribunal.
		Genocide and the other acts enumerated in Article IV shall not be considered as political crimes and therefore shall be grounds for extradition.
	www.preventgenocide.org /law/convention/drafts (1517 words)

	Copyright
		Culturecide, referred to also as cultural genocide or deculturation, signifies processes that have usually been purposely introduced that result in the decline or demise of a culture, without necessarily resulting in the physical destruction of its bearers.
		There is also a close affinity with the concept of genocide, which, under the terms of the Genocide Convention 1948 refers to specified acts that are undertaken with the objective of destroying, in whole or in part, members of a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group, as such.
		During the drafting of that convention there was some debate on whether or not “cultural genocide” should be incorporated in it.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/culturecide.htm (457 words)

	Oromia Online - Articles
		That the Gada democratic culture and other egalitarian Oromo institutions have endured the last 120 years of continuous acts of cultural genocide by successive Ethiopian regimes is a remarkable testimony to the resilience of the Oromo cultural values and democratic heritage.
		Oromia shares borders with all cultural groups in Ethiopia and across the internationally recognized boundaries adjacent to its territory-Sudan in the west, Kenya in the south, and Somalia in the southeast.
		Menelik's warlords, "colonial troops" known as "naftanyas", and the clergy were entitled to personal servitude of the subject people, and to collect dues often to the tune of 70% of the produce of the subjects who had absolutely no legal protection for their life and property against the conquerors.
	www.oromia.org /genocide-1.htm (4479 words)

	Cultural genocide of the Kurds and international Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Genocide is a term that evokes feelings of revulsion and horror in all decent-minded people.
		Cultural genocide, also known as ethnocide, is the wilful destruction of an ethnic group by bringing about the disappearance of its culture or anything that underpins its culture, such as language.
		The importance of preventing cultural genocide has led to the international community taking action in this area and setting up bodies charged with the task of making sure the world's diversity is maintained.
	www.kurdmedia.com /news.asp?id=11073 (1587 words)

	Dead Indians, Live Indians, etc...
		Under Lemkin's definition, genocide was the coordinated and planned annihilation of a national, religious, or racial group by a variety of actions aimed at undermining the foundations essential to the survival of the group as a group.
		Lemkin conceived of genocide as 'a composite of different acts of persecution or destruction.' His definition included attack on political and social institutions, culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of the group.
		The General Assembly Therefore, Affirms that genocide is a crime under international law which the civilized world condemns, and for the commission of which principals and accomplices-whether private individuals, public officials or statesmen, and whether the crime is committed on religious, racial, political or any other grounds-are punishable.
	www.dickshovel.com /DeadIndians.html (3386 words)

	Crimes of War
		The original draft of the Convention contained a more inclusive definition of genocide: "the destruction of the specific character of the persecuted `group’ by forced transfer of children, forced exile, prohibition of the use of the national language, destruction of books, documents, monuments, and objects of historical, artistic or religious value.
		Culture is the precondition for the realization of that capacity…" The elimination of a culture is tantamount to the elimination of a people.
		Children have been forcibly removed from their families [a violation of Article 2(e) of the Genocide Convention] for religious indoctrination, and in the case of sons, for military recruitment to the NIF cause.
	www.crimesofwar.org /print/sudan/sudan-hale-print.html (744 words)

	Cultural genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cultural genocide is a term used to describe the deliberate destruction of the cultural heritage of a people or nation for political or military reasons.
		The legal definition of genocide is confined to acts of physical or biological destruction with intent to destroy a racial, religious, ethnic or national group as such.
		Armenia's ambassador to Iran accused Azerbaijan of "cultural genocide" regarding the destruction of khachkars in the Nakhichevan cemetery, which Armenia claims are part of its cultural heritage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cultural_genocide (916 words)

	Mark Steyn: I'll give you 'cultural genocide' [Free Republic]
		We lavish huge subsidies on supporting "native culture," which we white folk pretend means those delightfully colourful dances about the great spirit at the Commonwealth Games opening ceremony, and not the vile pit of squalor and dependency of the average federally maintained reserve.
		"Cultural genocide" is a very simple matter: A large number of natives have decided to blame the white man for their lives -- for their problems with booze, drugs, women, the law.
		Instead of "cultural genocide," natives ought to confront actual genocide -- not the "pain" of feeling dissed by whitey, but the real, crippling pain of TB, diabetes, heart disease, and brain damage at a rate accelerating further and further away from the average; at lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and endemic suicide.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3ad1ac782598.htm (1410 words)

	Cultural Genocide
		Cultural genocide is the systematic destruction of traditions, values, language, and other elements which make a one group of people distinct from other groups.
		This cultural genocide is in far too many cases unethical and in others downright evil.
		Cultural genocide is in most cases terrible and cruel.
	www.culturalgenocide.org /join.html (653 words)

	Cultural Genocide - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		What those US officials do not say is that they are not embarking on a clean-up of decaying bodies, unexploded ordinance and physical hazards, and not a restoration of services, but implementing a programme of "accelerated employment" in the clean destruction of one of Islam's great historic cities.
		The same genocide conducted by US forces is redefined as "security operations" and "redevelopment", and the rhetoric is voluble and glib.
		Iraq is facing cultural genocide on their watch.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/iraq/contract/2004/1014destruction.htm (1579 words)

	Chinese Genocide Against Mongols (Part Three) [Free Republic]
		The bitter and tragic irony is that this cultured, civilized country did this genocide also in the name of "culture" and "revolution." Let see what they did to Mongolian culture with this "Cultural Revolution." The genocide was not only human genocide, but it is also cultural genocide as well.
		The Cultural Revolution is not a special circumstances at all, but just the worst episode of the 50 years Chinese communist rule, and this rule in IMAR is more brutal, and colonial rule.
		Genocide and the other acts enumerated in article III shall not be considered as political crimes for the purpose of extradition.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a38495a3634eb.htm (2831 words)

	::PeaceJournalism.com - The Peace Media Research Center's e-magazine::
		Cultural genocide can be applied not only to criticize mere culturally-related attacks (burning or damaging opposing faith institutions such as Mosques, Temples, and Churches), but is also employed to describe the planned ethnic or religious cleansing by the state or dominant ethnic group.
		In point of fact, cultural genocide takes place when a vulnerable community relentlessly feels it has been systematically targeted with a calculated political purpose by either the state or dominant group for their own gain.
		And I believe some Muslims mayhem against the non-Muslims in the subcontinent evidently deserves the use of the term 'cultural genocide.' I would definitely employ the same term to illustrate the dominant group (regardless of their ethnic or religious background) or state’s oppression or violence against vulnerable communities or nations.
	peacejournalism.com /ReadArticle.asp?ArticleID=7531 (1467 words)

	Forum UNESCO - University and Heritage 10th International Seminar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cultural genocide is an emotive and controversial schema that must be qualified to the strictest possible degree, nonetheless it is
		specific considerations, genocide is most simply defined as the intent to destroy in whole or in part a racial, ethnic, religious, or national group as such, by killing members of the group or imposing conditions inimical to
		Genocide necessarily has a symbolic dimension, this position is not intended to take away from the utterly horrific physical consequences of genocide but rather an attempt to understand the mechanisms that allow
	www.ncl.ac.uk /unescolandscapes/abstracts/abstract.php?id=315 (667 words)

	Other Voices 2.1 (February 2000), Ward Churchill "Forbidding the "G-Word": Holocaust Denial as Judicial Doctrine in ...
		Genocide must therefore be denied at all costs, most often by explaining it away as being or having been something else altogether.
		The objectives of such a plan would be a disintegration of political and social institutions—of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups, and the destruction of personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups.
		Genocide is directed at the national group as an entity, and the actions involved are directed at individuals, not in their individual capacity, but as members of the national group (emphasis added).
	www.othervoices.org /2.1/churchill/denial.html (5376 words)

	CULTURAL GENOCIDE: ARMENIAN CHURCH IN TURKEY RESTORED BY METHODS INADMISSIBLE FOR IT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The unique monument of Middle Age architecture, the Cross dated 915-921 (architect Manuel) are covered with tar and mazut, frescos are replaced with stones made from "khachkars." To note Akhtamar peninsula was the residence of Armenian Kings of Artsruny Dynasty (the 10-11th centuries).
		The monument's belonging to he Armenian culture is not mentioned, just a placard says in Turkish and English and that church belongs to the Armenian period.
		Anti-Armenian propaganda is widely practiced at the Museum of the ancient Armenian town of Van, wherein a Turk-guide presents the piles of skulls as the Turk victims of the genocide by Armenians in the beginning of the 20th century.
	www.talkaboutculture.com /group/alt.culture.armenian/messages/31293.html (1478 words)

	Mauritius Times
		Genocides, it is well known, have been resorted to by dictators or authoritarian regimes throughout history but the word actually gained currency during the Second World War when more than six million Jews were butchered in the West by the Nazis and their allies merely because they belonged to a difference culture and religion.
		Hence the use of the word genocide in a paper, after having then analysed its stand vis-à-vis each of the other ethnic groups coexisting in the island.
		The use of the word genocide in the context of an education plan meant professionally, intellectually and administratively to give both parents and students an opportunity to prepare themselves for global challenges seems to have soured a well-argued exchange of views of national importance.
	www.mauritiustimes.com /100206db.htm (694 words)

	Genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "genocide" was coined by Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959), a Polish-Jewish legal scholar, in 1943, from the roots γένος genos (Greek for family, tribe or race) and -cide (Latin - occidere - to massacre) in the context of the Jewish Holocaust.
		Genocide, as a number of other crimes of international nature is inside Finnish universal jurisdiction, but under Chapter 1, Section 12 of the Penal Code, incidents of it abroad may not be investigated unless the Prosecutor General gives an order to do this.
		The preamble to the CPPCG not only states that "genocide is a crime under international law, contrary to the spirit and aims of the United Nations and condemned by the civilized world", but that "at all periods of history genocide has inflicted great losses on humanity".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Genocide (6627 words)

	African Nova Scotian History: Africville - relocation of its people was cultural genocide
		Some believe that this was the last incident where cultural genocide was engineered by governments in Nova Scotia.
		To weigh a contention that Halifax committed cultural genocide when it destroyed Africville, its necessary to know how the United Nations Genocide Convention defines genocide, and to know the provisions of the Convention appropriate to the situation.
		This action, in my estimation, fits the criteria which was laid out by the UN Genocide Convention, for a group to claim they were victimized by genocide.
	www.danielnpaul.com /Col/1997/AfricvilleDemise-CulturalGenocide.html (753 words)

	Cultural Genocide, Turkey' Exhibition Slated For Late April (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Yerevan, March 22, ARMENPRESS: A photo exhibition of destructed Armenian cultural and architectural monuments in the territory of modern Turkey will open in Yerevan in late April, timed with the 89-th anniversary of the 1915 genocide.
		Titled "Cultural Genocide, Turkey", it will display photos depicting the current and previous state of hundreds of Armenian monuments in Western Armenia (now eastern Turkey).
		Samvel Karapetian, chairman of a non-governmental organization studying Armenian architectural monuments, says the exposition is to show the policy of Turkey, wishing to stand side by side with civilized EU countries, towards cultural values.
	www.armeniadiaspora.com /js04/040322turkey.html (111 words)

	Turkey a pioneer of cultural genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As one former official of the UN's cultural preservation arm UNESCO was quoted as saying this week, Saudi Arabia's ruling Wahabbi sect has already eradicated much of the desert kingdom's own historical heritage, seen as out of line with its purist, anti-idolatrous vision of Islam, so foreign heritage stood little chance.
		The country's Culture Minister described the action as evidence of Saudi Arabia's "disrespect of history" but also as part of "an approach that aims to erase the Turkish period from their history and their world", while a senior parliamentary official spoke of "cultural genocide".
		'Cultural genocide' is indeed a heinous crime, striking not only at a people but at their memory.
	www.lobbyforcyprus.org /press/press2002/cyma110102.htm (551 words)

	Cultural Genocide
		" cultural landscapes represent the combined works of nature and man They are illustrative of the evolution of human society and settlement over time, under the influence of the physical constraints and/or opportunities presented by their natural environment and of successive social, economic and cultural forces both external and internal".....
		The same level of data on cultural heritage resources is not currently available for the agricultural assembly lands.
		Cultural Genocide remains a fitting description of what is being allowed.
	www.rivernen.ca /cult_gen.htm (1358 words)

	The Genocide of the American Indians
		Genocide by the provisions of the convention of the United Nations in Dec. 1948 is defined as:
		That does not justify the spiritual and cultural genocide of any people anywhere; not the American Indians of both continents, not the Oranges or the Greens, not the Shiites or the Sihks or any other culture of this world.
		The languages, myths, art, spirituality, practices, and beauty of the Native American culture is fading into history to be lost forever; to be mused over in later years by the historically curious as a novelty...
	www.nemasys.com /ghostwolf/Native/genocide.shtml (2215 words)

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