
	Where results make sense

Topic: Cultural relativism

Related Topics

Culture

Franz Boas

Relativism

Moral relativism

Ethnocentrism

Respect diversity

Morality

Phenomenalism

Race

Sociologist

Social identity

Leet

Racism

Floppy disk

Culture of the United States

In the News (Thu 24 Jul 08)

Gordon Brown

Derby County

Mike Huckabee

Lute Olson

Pearl Harbor

Sonia Gandhi

Ricky Hatton

Narendra Modi

Jesus Christ

Rudy Giuliani

	Moral relativism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In philosophy, moral relativism takes the position that moral or ethical propositions do not reflect absolute and universal moral truths but instead are relative to social, cultural, historical or personal references, and that there is no single standard by which to assess an ethical proposition's truth.
		Some relativists regard this as an unfair criticism of relativism, for it is really a descriptive, or meta-ethical, theory and not a normative one, and that relativists may have strong moral beliefs, notwithstanding their foundational position.
		Moral relativism is often described as a temporal idea of the "new" that conflicts with absolute moral standards of tradition; however, moral relativism encompasses views and arguments that have been held for a very long time in many different cultures (for example, in the ancient Taoist writings of Chuang Tzu).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moral_relativism (2561 words)

	Cultural relativism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities make sense in terms of his or her own culture.
		This conception of culture, and principle of cultural relativism, were for Kroeber and his colleagues the fundamental contribution of anthropology, and what distinguished anthropology from similar disciplines such as sociology and psychology.
		Cultural relativism is a purely intellectual attitude; it does not inhibit the anthropologist from participating as a professional in his own milieu; on the contrary, it rationalizes that milieu.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cultural_relativism (4810 words)

	Cultural Relativism
		Cultural relativism is the view that all beliefs are equally valid and that truth itself is relative, depending on the situation, environment, and individual.
		Relativism often includes moral relativism (ethics depend on a social construct), situational relativism (right or wrong is based on the particular situation), and cognitive relativism (truth itself has no objective standard).
		Cultural relativism is the philosophical belief that all views are equally valid.
	www.cultural-relativism.com (570 words)

	CULTURAL RELATIVISM, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, SOCIAL JUSTICE
		In all the debate over cultural relativism, the culture to which such things as values, morals, perception, standards, and so forth were said to be (or not to be) relative was left largely unexamined and undefined.
		Cultural relativism grew out of anthropology and given that field’s widely recognized failure to reach consensus on a precise definition of culture, arguably its master concept, this is understandable.
		And cultural analysis is predicated on methodological relativism: a lifting of the burdens (and the comforts) of moral judgments.
	www.gmu.edu /academic/pcs/BlackAvruch61PCS.html (7678 words)

	............Rosado Consulting:Articles -- The Concept of Cultural Relativism............
		Both concepts, ethnocentrism and cultural relativism, can be placed as polar ends of a continuum, each reflecting a different approach, either as exclusive or inclusive; a different mindset either closed or open to differences, and an attitude and behavior that is either insensitive or sensitive to another culture.
		Cultural relativism, of course, deals with more than just morals, ethics and values; it is also concerned with judgments of time and space and volume, differences in perception and cognition, as well as of conduct (Herskovits, p.
		Cultural relativism developed because the facts of differences in these concepts of reality or in moral systems, plus our knowledge of the mechanisms of cultural learning, forced the realization of the problem of finding valid cross-cultural norms.
	www.rosado.net /articles-relativism.html (4502 words)

	Cultural Relativism
		Cultural relativism is the form of moral relativism that holds that all ethical truth is relative to a specified culture.
		According to cultural relativism, it is never true to say simply that a certain kind of behaviour is right or wrong; rather, it can only ever be true that a certain kind a behaviour is right or wrong relative to a specified society.
		Cultural relativism excuses us from judging the moral status of other cultures in cases where doing so seems to be inappropriate, but it also renders us powerless to judge the moral status of other cultures in cases where doing so seems to be necessary.
	www.philosophyofreligion.info /culturalrelativism.html (449 words)

	Ethical vs. Cultural Relativism
		Relativism was formulated in the context of ethical issues; it was meant to be an answer to the Nazis and their racism, anti-Semitism, and eugenics.
		Ruth Benedict, a prominent anthropologist of the time, said all cultures are "coexisting and equally valid patterns of life, which mankind has created for itself from the raw materials of existence." In her view, and in the view of American anthropology of the time, each culture is self-contained, autonomous, separate but equal.
		But the core notions of cultural relativism are the urgency of studying and learning from other cultures and the belief that because somebody has a different form of life, they’re not deranged, or evil.
	www.scu.edu /ethics/publications/iie/v11n1/relativism.html (2159 words)

	Cultural Relativism
		As we will see, cultural relativism allows us to be tolerant toward other cultures, but it provides no basis to judge or evaluate other cultures and their practices.
		Melville J. Herskovits wrote in Cultural Relativism: "Judgments are based on experience, and experience is interpreted by each individual in terms of his own enculturation."{5} In other words, a person's judgment about what is right and wrong is determined by their cultural experiences.
		And this is one of the major problems with a view of cultural relativism: you cannot judge the morality of another culture.
	www.inplainsite.org /html/cultural_relativism_.html (1977 words)

	Cultural Relativism
		Cultural relativism in anthropology is a key methodological concept which is universally accepted within the discipline.
		Cultural relativism is an anthropological approach which posit that all cultures are of equal value and need to be studied from a neutral point of view.
		Although her use of this approached is extremely reductionistic it represents a new direction in cultural relativism by transcending the data collection of historical particularism and attempting to organize the data in an explanatory manner.
	www.panam.edu /faculty/mglazer/Theory/cultural_relativism.htm (1442 words)

	Relativism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Relativism is sometimes identified (usually by its critics) as the thesis that all points of view are equally valid.
		Critics of relativism typically dismiss such views as incoherent since they imply the validity even of the view that relativism is false.
		For example, moral subjectivism is that species of moral relativism that relativizes moral value to the individual subject.
	www.iep.utm.edu /r/relativi.htm (352 words)

	Cultural relativism - AnthroBase - Dictionary of Anthropology: A searchable database of anthropological texts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Methodologically, cultural relativism means that while the anthropologist is in the field, he or she temporarily suspends ("brackets") their own esthetic and moral judgements.
		Morally and politically, cultural relativism means that we respect other cultures and treat them as "as good as" one's own.
		Like any idea, cultural relativism as a moral project may be caricatured, as it often is in critical accounts.
	www.anthrobase.com /Dic/eng/def/cultural-relativism.htm (365 words)

	Ethics 01 - Cultural Relativism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Cultural relativism (CR) says that good and bad are relative to culture.
		Cultural relativism holds that "good" means what is "socially approved" by the majority in a given culture.
		Cultural relativists view themselves as tolerant; they see other cultures, not as "wrong," but as "different."
	www.jcu.edu /philosophy/gensler/et/et-01-00.htm (170 words)

	Relativism
		Cultural relativism is based on the undoubted truth that human cultures are very different from each other and often embody very different values.
		The answer to the first question, of course, is that cultural relativism is initially the value of American and European anthropologists, or Western cultural relativists in general.
		Historicism always does that, and, for linguistic relativism, Wittgenstein actually provides us with a nice term for relative systems of value: "forms of life." The hard part is when we then ask if Hitler and Stalin simply had their own "forms of life," which were different from but not better or worse, than ours.
	www.friesian.com /relative.htm (4400 words)

	[No title]
		Cultural relativism is the assertion that human values, far from being universal, vary a great deal according to different cultural perspectives.
		As such, claiming cultural relativism as an excuse to violate or deny human rights is an abuse of the right to culture.
		The argument of cultural relativism frequently includes or leads to the assertion that traditional culture is sufficient to protect human dignity, and therefore universal human rights are unnecessary.
	www.un.org /rights/dpi1627e.htm (2192 words)

	The paradox of cultural relativism
		A die-hard cultural relativist must say that there is no qualitative difference between the culture of Nazi Germany and the current civilization in which we live.
		Whenever a cultural relativist admonishes people to see all cultures and ideas as equally valuable, he is showing a bit of a paradox in thought.
		If all cultures and ideas are equal to a cultural relativist, he should see no reason why anyone should be a cultural relativist: to him, believing something else should be just the same.
	www.shawnolson.net /a/65 (675 words)

	Essay or Coursework - Culture - Cultural relativism - Ethnocentrism
		Cultural relativism does not imply that there is no system of moral values to guide human conduct.
		Ethnocentrism on the other hand is the opposite of cultural relativism.
		They do not understand that other cultures have their own meanings and functions in life, just as our ways have for us.
	www.coursework.info /i/16748.html (320 words)

	The Communitarian Network
		Relativists further argue that all cultures have virtues of their own; and that only communities ought to be the arbitrators of the values to which their members are held accountable.
		As cultural relativists found it difficult to sustain their position, some offered to recognize a thin layer of global values to which all people and all cultures may be held accountable.
		Such an approach treats values as culturally bound, and hence rejects, at least implicitly, the concept that values are either justifiable or should be ignored, disregarding their historical origin or cultural base.
	www.gwu.edu /~ccps/etzioni/A253.html (5464 words)

	International Business and Cultural Relativism, article from the Center for Business Ethics and Social Responsibility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Its label is "cultural relativism," and it is a view that holds that no culture has a better ethics than any other, and that, in turn, there are no international "rights" and "wrongs".
		The concept of cultural relativism is fairly simple to grasp, and unfortunately, fairly tempting when business opportunities are at stake.
		The rejection of cultural relativism and the adoption of universal principles, such as those establishing a minimal floor for corporate behavior, must respect cultural and economic difference: Even if general values were exactly the same around the world, the same specific principles would not necessarily be appropriate for every host country context.
	www.besr.org /library/rome.html (1325 words)

	ipedia.com: Moral relativism Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Protagoras' notion that "man is the measure of all things" may be seen as an early philosophical precursor to relativism.
		Essentially, the claim is that judging members of one society by the moral standards of another is a form of ethnocentrism; some moral relativists claim that people can only be judged by the mores of their own society.
		One consequence of this viewpoint, also known as cultural relativism, is the principle that any judgment of society on the basis of the observer's moral code is invalid: individuals are to be judged against the standards of their society only, there being no larger context in which judgement is meaningful.
	www.ipedia.com /moral_relativism.html (625 words)

	Comments on 19255 \| MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		When those cultures which embrace and cultivate freedom interact with those cultures which supress freedom in some or all of its peoples, we lower ourselves to their level of cultural relativism.
		Cultural relativism - specially in the form touched upon by Tallis, which actually romanticizes the more undeveloped culture as "purer" or "better" - is dangerous because it's so easy.
		i'm not saying the society is awash with relativism, i'm saying a group of people that are proponents of this relativism are changing their beliefs about it, and that causes a general loss of relativism in the whole culture.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/19255 (8677 words)

	Cultural relativism about values and morality
		The AAA's Defense of Normative Cultural Relativism is based in part on Cultural Imperialism Argument.
		An internal norm is a norm of a culture that applies to the culture's internal interactions or practices.
		An external norm is a norm of a culture that applies to the culture's external interactions or practices.
	faculty.washington.edu /wtalbott/phil338/trrelative.htm (1410 words)

	Townhall.com :: Columns :: Cultural relativism leaves some blind to evil by John Leo - Oct 15, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		A large number of our cultural and moral leaders are unable to say plainly that evil exists in the world and that it must be confronted.
		It teaches that all cultures and all cultural expressions are equally valid.
		It peeks out from the behind the "root causes" argument and the need to "understand" the terrorists and to see their acts "in context." Often what is really meant by the root-cause people is that reckless and imperial America brought the attacks on itself.
	www.townhall.com /columnists/johnleo/jl20011015.shtml (839 words)

	The Peace Encyclopedia: Moral Relativism, Moral Equivalence, Ethical Relativism, Cultural Relativism, Egalitarianism
		In other words, they deny the existence of rational standards by which to determine whether the beliefs and goals of one individual, group, or nation are more valid or intrinsically superior to those of another.
		Reinforcing this relativism is the behavioral doctrine that humanity in general, and their rulers in particular, employ altruistic language like "peace" or "justice" or the "common good" to conceal egotistical motives or dignify self-serving ends.
		"...relativism erodes belief in the truth or justice of their country's cause and thereby undermines their country's ability to persevere in any conflict with regimes whose educators are not relativists".
	www.yahoodi.com /peace/mrelativism.html (1787 words)

	The case against Martin Bernal by David Gress
		Even if there were cultural continuity from the Bronze to the classical ages, the lexicon of a language is no evidence for the cultural or ethnic composition of its speakers, as any good linguist or anthropologist knows.
		I work on the periphery of a university that is currently suffering severely from anti-European cultural arrogance, or, to speak frankly, from fl racist attempts to impose indoctrination in the place of teaching and scholarship.
		Egypt was a noble culture, but to assert that it had anything at all to do with Greek democracy is ludicrous.
	www.newcriterion.com /archive/08/dec89/gress.htm (4019 words)

	Model Commentary: On Cultural Relativism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Con: Cultural relativism at face value seems easy to accept, but there are unacceptable consequences of cultural relativism.
		Finally, cultural relativism does not leave room for moral progress, which I think is important to every society.
		We can learn though from cultural relativism to be more open minded and accepting of other societies traditions and moral codes.
	members.aol.com /wutsamada2/ethics/comment/boldrey.htm (318 words)

	In Focus Article
		So for instance reasonable and desirable goals of tolerance, understanding, cosmopolitanism, and cultural relativism can clash with equally reasonable and desirable goals of preventing harm to others, criticising unjust laws and customs and traditions, exposing exploitation and oppression, and advocating an end to asymmetrical, unfair, cruel, punitive and destructive instituitions.
		These are all part of someone's 'culture', as murder is a murderer's culture and rape is a rapist's.
		Ishtiaq Ahmed argues that a Muslim cultural identity need not be confused with harsh laws and practices from the medieval past.
	www.butterfliesandwheels.com /infocusprint.php?num=15&subject=cultural%20relativism (1171 words)

	Cultural Survival
		Cultural Survival is the leading U.S.-based international indigenous rights organization.
		ACTION ITEM: Directors of three Guatemalan community radio stations have been arrested, with the immediate threat of more illegitimate arrests and property seizures on the horizon.
		A quarterly magazine for policy makers and others interested in indigenous peoples and their rights, cultures, and concerns.
	www.cs.org (151 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)