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Topic: Culture of Indonesia

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	http://potato/ethics/Countries/Indonesia/culture.html
		Until the appearance of Islam, Indonesia was a land where the king ruled as an absolute monarch and could take away a man's land and even his wife on a whim.
		Although Indonesia is recognized as the largest Muslim country in the world, it supports a large number of religions, and virtually all Indonesians are affected to some degree by exposure to adat, or traditional native customs, as well as the Hindu and Buddhist religions that dominated the main islands of Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.
		Although Indonesia is a remarkably diverse country, the traditional practices and beliefs of adat are surprisingly consistent from island and culture-to-culture.
	www.pitt.edu /~ethics/Countries/Indonesia/culture.html (2668 words)

	Indonesia's history, culture, economy, geography
		East Timor was a province of Indonesia from its annexation in 1976 until Indonesia relinquished sovereignty in 1999.
		Indonesia's 18,108 islands, of which about 6,000 are inhabited, are scattered around the equator, giving the country a tropical climate.
		Indonesia's economy suffered greatly in the late 1990s, in part as a result of the financial crisis that struck most of Asia at the time.
	indonesia-ok.com /history.htm (5908 words)

	Culture of Indonesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As Indonesia is located in the middle of ancient sea trading routes between Far East and Middle East, much of daily practices and art forms have been influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Islam, especially in many trading cities.
		Cultural mixture in Indonesia is complex and has to be distinguished from the original.
		It held a television monopoly in Indonesia until 1989 when the first commercial station, RCTI began as a local station and was subsequently granted a national license a year later.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia (2996 words)

	Indonesia Tourist Guides - Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While its arts, crafts and architecture are distinctive in their historic diversity, today there is a definite Indonesian identity, which has been fostered in the 20th century, partly by government promoted nationalism and mass education and communication.
		Indonesia's early Hindu influences gave it many of its traditional textile based craft techniques, of which Batik is the most famous.
		The religion and culture of Bali, the gamelan orchestra and the five-note scale in music are also inherited from India.
	www.sino.net /indonesia-tourist-guides/culture.html (509 words)

	Indonesia - POLITICAL CULTURE
		Although Indonesia was a cultural mosaic, the Javanese, with more than 45 percent of the total population in the 1990s, were by far the largest single ethnic group.
		The officer corps in particular was Javanized, partly as a result of Java's central role in the development of modern Indonesia (Indonesia's five leading institutions of higher education were located on Java, for example), but also because ABRI seemed to regard the great predominance of Javanese in the officer ranks as a matter of policy.
		Bureaucratically Javanese culture is suffused with an attitude of obedience--respect for seniors, conformity to hierarchical authority, and avoidance of confrontation-- characteristics of the preindependence priyayi class whose roots go back to the traditional Javanese courts.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/85.htm (1450 words)

	Indonesia Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide
		Heady scents, vivid colours, dramatic vistas and diverse cultures spin and multiply, their potent brew leaving your senses reeling.
		Indonesia's cities are in a constant state of urban evolution, where dense populations, technology and construction live in hectic symbiosis.
		Travellers are advised to check their local consular information and monitor the situation in Indonesia closely before making travel plans.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/asia/indonesia (400 words)

	Indonesia - History and Culture
		As early as the seventh century, powerful Buddhist and Hindu empires challenged each other for supremacy in Indonesia: the Buddhist Srivijaya were centered in Sumatra, while the Hindu Mataram located their capital on Java.
		Although the Portuguese broke the Islamic hold on Indonesia, they were eventually displaced in turn by the Dutch, who named the area the Dutch East Indies.
		Indonesia's varied past has produced a remarkable array of vibrant cultures,making it one of the world's most diverse and fascinating travel destinations.
	www.geographia.com /indonesia/indono03.htm (420 words)

	The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia - Culture
		The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia - Culture
		Indonesia, a home of 220 million people, an archipelago consisting of 17,508 islands and a land that thrives in diversity, is without a doubt one of the few countries in the world with an abundance of cultures.
		Indonesia is a country of great diversity and its national motto is Bhineka Tunggal Ika or "Unity in Diversity." This diversity is also found in all aspects of culture and life: ethnic group, language, religion, housing, cuisine, dance and music, artistic expression, etc as each has many local variants.
	www.indonesian-embassy.fi /main/index.php?p=About_Indonesia/7 (375 words)

	Windows on Asia
		Indonesia is a country of great diversity and its national motto is "Unity in Diversity." This diversity is also found in all aspects of culture: language, housing, cuisine, dance and music, artistic expression, etc as each has many local variants.
		Indonesia, like much of Southeast Asia, has adopted and adapted the great Hindu epics of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata and uses these stories as the basis of many dance, musical, and puppetry performances.
		Brought to Indonesia and the rest of Southeast Asia by Indian merchants, these stories have been popular since their introduction in the 1st century A.D. Over the centuries, these stories have been changed and modified until they have become an intimate part of Indonesian heritage and have particular Indonesian attributes.
	www.asia.msu.edu /seasia/Indonesia/culture.html (940 words)

	Indonesia - Indonesian Business Etiquette, Vital Manners, Cross Cultural Communication, and Geert Hofstede Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Indonesia is a gracious culture that is polite.
		Indonesia has one of the lowest world rankings for Individualism with a 14, compared to the greater Asian rank of 23, and world rank of 43.
		Indonesia has the largest Muslim population of any country in the World with 88% of their population practicing the Muslim faith.
	www.cyborlink.com /besite/indonesia.htm (2239 words)

	International Crisis Group - Indonesia s Military Culture H
		Unfortunately, Indonesia has not taken effective measures to bring to justice members of the armed forces and militia groups against whom there is credible evidence of human rights abuses in East Timor and Indonesia itself.
		Indonesia's armed forces are built around a territorial structure that deploys forces throughout the country more or less shadowing the civil government.
		Most importantly, international military ties with Indonesia must be viewed through the wider optic of reform facing the central government in Jakarta as a whole.
	www.crisisgroup.org /home/index.cfm?id=2140&l=1 (927 words)

	Understanding Indonesia's Traditional Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Indonesia Overview - A country profile of Indonesia which includes a brief history, recent and current political leaders, statistical data about the country and what their media freedom is like.
		Find Chapter 2 and select 'The Emerging National Culture' and after scanning the first paragraph, write in your own words how you think the locals would view their emergent and changing culture over the last 15 years.
		Shadow puppetry - Explore the tradition and culture steeped within the performance by the 'dalang' or puppeteer, as he weaves an intricate blend of well-known story with local village gossip, providing much amusement for the local audience.
	www.kn.sbc.com /wired/fil/pages/listindonesiam.html (736 words)

	Indonesia - Art and Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		ndonesia is rich in art and culture which are intertwined with religion and age-old traditions from the time of early migrants with Western thoughts brought by Portuguese traders and Dutch colonists.
		Unlike some countries art forms in Indonesia are not only based on folklore, as many were developed in the courts of former kingdoms such as in Bali, where they are part of religious ceremonies.
		Painting are numerous all over the country, both traditional and contemporary, woodcarvings for ornamentation and furniture, silverwork and engraving form Yogyakarta and Sumatra, filigree from South Sulawesi and Bali with different styles of clay, sandstone and wood sculptures.
	ccc.1asphost.com /iisa/art_culture.asp (461 words)

	Seminar report on the status of oyster culture in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand
		Indonesia has a strategic geographical position; it is located along the equator line between two continents and two large oceans.
		Although Indonesia's marine waters, which constitute two thirds of the country's surface area, is rich in natural resources, only a small part of this potential area has been exploited.
		The first experiments on oyster culture in Indonesia were conducted by the Marine Fisheries Research Institute in the early 1980's in collaboration with the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
	www.fao.org /docrep/field/003/AB717E/AB717E04.htm (892 words)

	Inside Indonesia - Topic index (culture)
		Indonesia is definitely OK - Comic artists explore new freedoms/ Laine Berman 63:Jul 00.
		R William Liddle, Leadership and culture in Indonesian politics/ Chris Penders 51:Jul 97.
		Indonesia on the net/ Gerry van Klinken 48:Oct 96.
	www.insideindonesia.org /artcult.htm (3154 words)

	Culture of Indonesia - Adelaar sail dive Komodo Bali
		Indonesia is made up of over 336 separate ethnic groups whose cultural identities have been influenced by outsiders who have invaded, colonized, traded, or visited this vast archipelago.
		Although Islam is the dominant religion (Indonesia has the largest number of Muslims in the world), Buddhism, Christianity, and Hinduism are also practiced, some groups mixing elements of animism and different faiths into one.
		The lives of the entire population of 3,000,000 islanders are focused on Hinduism; its rites and festivals are the backbone of Bali's cultural and social life.
	www.adelaar-cruises.com /en/culture.htm (1589 words)

	Network Indonesia - Culture - Arts
		The cultural contact with the West can be traced as far back as the 17th century.
		What worries some observers in Indonesia is the fact that impoverishment and the constriction of cencepts occur at the time when the painting business, which can support the painters, grows.
		However, there are indications that in Indonesia printmaking will be part of the development and is likely to be followed by ceramics, sculpture and fiber art.
	users.skynet.be /network.indonesia/ni3001a31.htm (1341 words)

	Travel Tips in Indonesia
		Indonesia is rich in art and culture which are intertwined with religion and age-old traditions from the time of early migrants with Western thoughts brought by Portuguese traders and Dutch colonists.
		From graceful court and temple dances to charming folk dances and boisterous play, the performing arts of Indonesia offer an astounding range of types and styles for the visitor to study or enjoy, reflecting, as they, do, the soul and traditions of the various ethnic groups who support them.
		Music, dance and drama are very often interwined, such as the ludruk transvestite theatre of East Java and the lenong folk theatre of Jakarta, both known also for their slapstick humor and early Shakespearean simplicity on their stage settings.
	www.southtravels.com /asia/indonesia/traveltips/artculture.html (758 words)

	Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia: Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Indonesia and South Korea agreed here on Monday to establish cooperation in promoting the building of a nuclear power plant (PLTN) in the country.
		Foreign investment in Indonesia's machinery industry particularly the processing, agricultural and supporting machinery has continued to increase in the past three years, an Industry Ministry official said here on Monday.
		Most speakers at a trade seminar agreed that the regional trade agreements (RTAs) and free trade areas (FTAs) that Indonesia and other ASEAN members are intensively seeking to establish, jointly and individually, should not be seen as a replacement for th...
	www.indonesiavancouver.org (363 words)

	Culture and Recreation : Indonesia : Philanthropy and the Third Sector
		Indonesia with 17,508 islands and more than 500 ethnic groups, has more than 10,000 culture and arts organizations.
		The main activities of culture and arts foundations are giving information regarding traditional culture, through publishing journals, multimedia information, training, seminars, coordinating exhibition and organizing festivals.
		A number of international social clubs operate in Indonesia, such as: Rotary Club (www.rotary.or.id), Lions Club Indonesia (http://lionsclubs.or.id/yli), with main activities in social services, such as : visiting the elderly, giving donations to natural disaster victims, blood donation, etc. Their main source of fund is from members’ fees and donations.
	www.asianphilanthropy.org /countries/indonesia/culture.html (724 words)

	Indonesia - Country Profile - Republik Indonesia - Indonesia Tourism
		Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world.
		This strategic position has always influenced the cultural, social, political, and economic life of the country which has achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1949.
		Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, akin to Malay), English, Dutch, plus 583 dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/indonesia.htm (787 words)

	Arts and Culture - Indonesia - Asia
		Indonesian culture mixes the traditions of many civilizations and religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Southeast Asian, Polynesian, Chinese, Arabic, and Dutch.
		During the 1950s and 1960s the left-leaning Institute for People’s Culture (also known as Lekra) was very influential.
		As a result, during the Suharto years tensions permeated the arts in modern Indonesia, while Indonesian artists in exile were an aging but active presence.
	www.countriesquest.com /asia/indonesia/arts_and_culture.htm (206 words)

	Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		London (ANTARA News) - Indonesia is considering the opening of tourism representative offices in more world capitals, including in London, in 2007 as part of its efforts to promote its tourism world-wide, Tourism and Culture Minister Jero Wacik said.
		In a cultural event held in Hong Kong on November 8-12, 2006, called the Asia Cultural Cooperation Forum (ACCF), the Director General of Culture Value, Arts, and Film of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Indonesia, on behalf of the Minister of Culture and Tourism of RI, H.E. Jero Wacik, stated...
		Indonesia are rich in varieties of arts and cultural expressions.
	www.indonesiatourism.go.id (214 words)

	Travel in Cirebon - Indonesia - Asia - Culture - WorldTravelGate.net®-
		Cirebon (pronounced "Cheer-e-bon") or in his ancient name Grage is the city in the North Coast of Java Island, close to the border of West Java and Central Java.
		The city is a very important trading place for nurture as well as all sorts of trading goods for the whole of Indonesia.
		The Palaces as the centres of this unique culture of Cirebon are still infact and therefore attract every local and world wide visitor.
	www.asiatravelling.net /indonesia/cirebon/cirebon_culture.htm (499 words)

	Indonesia Arts and Culture
		Living in Indonesia - life, language, and lore for foreigners planning to live in Indonesia and current expatriates.
		Fisheries Conservation Crisis in Indonesia - a paper by William W. Rossiter, the president of the Cetacean Society International.
		Sufism in Indonesia - mystical journey to the world of Sufism in the most populous Moslem country.
	www.asiafunclub.com /indonesia/arts_and_culture (447 words)

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