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Topic: Culture of Iraq

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	Iraq History & Iraq Culture \| iExplore.com
		Mesopotamia – the core of modern Iraq – was at the heart of the Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires between the seventh century BC and AD 100.
		Iraq declared war on Israel at the outbreak of the Six-Day War in June 1967, although Iraqi forces were not engaged.
		Iraq was also subject to a complete trade embargo excepting a strictly controlled regimen of oil sales, the proceeds of which the Iraqi Government could use to buy food and medicines.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Iraq/History (1603 words)

	Iraq Economy, Iraq People, Culture, Flag
		Iraq is where the Mesopotamia Civilization that went on to influence the European and Asian civilizations grew.
		The architecture of Iraq is best seen in the sprawling metropolis of Baghdad, where the construction is almost entirely new, with some islands of exquisite old buildings and compounds.
		Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international sanctions, damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991, and neglect of infrastructure drastically reduced economic activity.
	www.mapsofworld.com /country-profile/iraq1.html (729 words)

	Iraq's Culture of Violence - Middle East Quarterly
		Iraq's politics are shaped by various factors, including its naval and strategic confinement and its geographic remoteness from involvement in the Arab-Israeli conflict.
		Iraq was so fractured that when the Ottoman empire collapsed, neighborhoods in the southern city of Najaf separately declared their independence and wrote separate constitutions.
		Iraq's need to annex Kuwait went unmentioned through all this time because problems between the two countries from the 1930s on were always a matter of relations between neighboring states, touching on questions of power, rights of passage, borders, and influence.
	www.meforum.org /article/101 (6120 words)

	The Iraq War as Culture War
		We furthermore ask that Iraq's cultural heritage be treated as part of the rich culture of the Iraqi people, to be preserved for present and future generations.
		Therefore we ask that cultural heritage either be independent or that it be administered by the Ministry of Culture, which in the past has made preservation and interpretation its highest priorities, implemented by a professional, unified State Board of Antiquities and Heritage.
		Iraq's cultural heritage is an unparalleled one, and as the tradition from which many other civilizations are derived, it is of great concern to all peoples in the world.
	www.opednews.com /articles/opedne_steve_pi_061106_the_iraq_war_as_cult.htm (941 words)

	Iraq FAQ Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Iraq, about the size of California, is ancient Mesopotamia, Greek for "in the midst of the rivers." The rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, played a key role in the development of civilization in this region.
		Iraq is called the "Cradle of Civilization," as evidence has been found there for the earliest writing system, urban centers, literature, metallurgy, science, medicine and business, as reflected in the Bible (Gn 2:14; 4:21-22; 10:10-11; 11:1-5).
		Excavations there have shown that it indeed was one of the oldest cities in the world and a key city in the Sumerian culture.
	www.bibleprophecy.cc /culture.htm (1732 words)

	Education Department
		Finally, Iraq was absorbed into the Persian Empire until the rise of the Muslim empires in the 7th century.
		Arab, Greek and Persian cultures mingled, and philosophy, science, medicine, literature and the arts flourished in the universities and the court.
		Iraq is a highly diverse country of 17 million people, two thirds of whom are urban.
	www.adc.org /education/iraqhistory.htm (999 words)

	Culture of Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Iraq has one of the world's oldest cultural histories.
		What is now Iraq was one of the cradles of civilization in ancient Mesopotamia.
		Many treasures of Mesopotamian archaeology were housed in the Baghdad Museum until 2003, when they were lost to looting and vandalism during the chaos that accompanied the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States and allies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Culture_of_Iraq (342 words)

	UNESCO - UNESCO and IRAQ
		Respect for cultural diversity, promotion of creativity and participation of all in cultural life, and the safeguarding cultural heritage form the three pillars of an Appeal adopted yesterday by participants at the First Cultural Forum for Iraq, organized by UNESCO on May 26 and 27 at Headquarters.
		The Director-General, Mr Koïchiro Matsuura, and the Minister of Culture of Iraq, Mr Mufid Al-Jazairi, this morning thanked the many Member States of UNESCO which have given their financial and technical backing to the rehabilitation of Iraq’s cultural heritage.
		Iraq, the "Land between the two Rivers", has been the cradle of major civilizations starting from the fifth millennium BCE, which marked the watershed between the prehistory and history of humanity.
	portal.unesco.org /en/ev.php@URL_ID=11178&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (1487 words)

	Cultural tours to the Middle East - cultural tours to bahrain, cultural tours to iran, cultural tours to iraq, cultural ...
		The territory of modern Iraq is roughly equivalent to that of ancient Mesopotamia, which fostered a succession of early civilizations, such as Sumer, Babylonia and Assyria.
		Iraq is an area for lovers of history, culture and art, and for those who are daring enough to experience a nation under pressure.
		The country is bordered on the north and west by Iraq, on the south by Saudi Arabia and on the east by the Arabian Gulf.
	www.bestway.com /middle_east.html (2855 words)

	About Iraq - Travel, Maps, Flag and Information
		The Republic of Iraq sits on land that is historically known as Mesopotamia (Assyrian: Bet Nahrain), which means 'land between the rivers' in Greek.
		Large parts of Iraq consist of desert, but the area between the two major rivers Euphrates and Tigris is fertile, with the rivers carrying about 60 million cubic meters of silt annually to the delta.
		Iraq is considered to be one of the cradles of human civilization.
	www.canadiancontent.net /profiles/Iraq.html (939 words)

	onlinefx destination guide to iraq
		The Republic of Iraq translit: al-‘Iraq, is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing most of Mesopotamia as well as the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert.
		Large parts of Iraq consist of desert, but the area between the two major rivers (Euphrates and Tigris) is fertile, with the rivers carrying about 60 million cubic metres (78 million cu.
		Seventy-five to eighty percent of Iraq's population are Arabs; the other major ethnic groups are the Kurds at 15-20%, Assyrians, Iraqi Turkmen and others (5%), who mostly live in the north and northeast of the country.
	www.onlinefx.co.uk /fx/Stores/OnlineFX/destinationguide/iraq.asp (476 words)

	US confronts brutal culture among its finest sons \| Iraq \| Guardian Unlimited
		Mejia, who has served time in jail for refusing to return to Iraq for a second tour of duty, said there was widespread prejudice against Iraqis in his unit, and that Iraqis were routinely referred to as 'Hajis' in the same way that local people during the Vietnam war were called 'gooks' or 'Charlie'.
		Iraq's new Prime Minister, Nouri al-Maliki, yesterday rejected the US military's exoneration of its forces over another alleged massacre - this time in the town of Ishaqi on 15 March - when US troops are alleged to have executed five children, four women and two men after tying them up.
		The emerging picture of US military behaviour in Iraq is likely to shatter America's image of its soldiers, even in the midst of the 'war on terror', when extreme patriotism has become a growing facet of American public life.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Iraq/Story/0,,1789986,00.html (1674 words)

	Electronic Iraq: What's New?
		This video diary is an important portrayal of college students pushing through with classes, exams and a fractured social life in the midst of incredible violence and instability.
		Iraq has now become the country with the fourth highest number of executions.
		There are up to 400 polluted sites in Iraq that are serious health hazards to the population and urgently need to be cleaned, according to a specialist in the Iraqi government.
	electroniciraq.net /news (541 words)

	For a Democratic Iraq - Council on Foreign Relations
		Unless we want Iraq's first elections to be its last - monopolized by religious extremists - we need to help create a critical mass of Iraqis who think and act in democratic ways.
		A democratic political culture is as crucial an ingredient for democracy as properly structured political institutions.
		A long-term effort to develop a democratic political culture in Iraq should begin at the level of the individual, by helping to impart this civic spirit to ordinary Iraqis.
	www.cfr.org /publication/6161/for_a_democratic_iraq.html (959 words)

	Electronic Iraq: Art, Music & Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In her deceptively simple images, viewers are first confronted with what is obviously absent and then made to associate more abstract notions of "missing." Nosh's subjects stand or sit in sparely decorated rooms, most of them looking at the camera as they would in a studio portrait.
		In the years since the invasion of Iraq, many documentaries have attempted to record its consequences: the violence; the occupation; the plunder.
		Michael Moore calls Iraq in Fragments (the new film by the director of the award winning Gaza Strip) "Stunningly beautiful." The film makes is debut run in US theatres this month.
	electroniciraq.net /news/artmusicculture.shtml (791 words)

	Art, Music & Culture: Review: Iraq in Fragments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Iraq in Fragments — the distilled product of more than two years and 300 hours of filming — is James Longley's splendid contribution towards filling this void.
		The title, like the rest of the film, is open to interpretation: it could be a description of present day Iraq disintegrating into Sunni, Shia and Kurdish fragments; of the internal fragmentation of the Iraqi society; or the three fragments from which the film is constructed.
		The immorality of the invasion and occupation of Iraq is unquestionable; there are non-controversial standards — the Nuremberg laws for instance — to judge it by.
	electroniciraq.net /news/2873.shtml (906 words)

	Iraq: People
		Shi'i Islam is dominant in Iran and in southern Iraq.
		The nomadic Bedouins of Iraq’s desert regions herded livestock, particularly camels and goats.
		Although farming is still the single most-important occupation, less than one third of Iraq’s labor force is now engaged in farmwork.
	teacher.scholastic.com /scholasticnews/indepth/iraq/iraq_people.htm (397 words)

	Arab View: It’s Culture Change in Iraq
		In effect, the ongoing looting and torching of museums, libraries, universities, schools, hospitals and other cultural and civic institutions in Iraq is not an attempt at regime change but at culture change.
		At the heart of this diabolical plan to culture-change Iraq are the evangelical Christians of Samaritan Purse and the Southern Baptist Convention, who form a large part of Bush’s electoral base and who are deeply pro-Israel.
		To them, the invasion of Iraq consecrated “the victory of the Cross over the Crescent,” to quote a famous line said by the French General, Henri Gouraud, as he kicked Saladin’s tomb after the fall of Damascus in July 1920.
	www.arabview.com /articles.asp?article=242 (1578 words)

	The Killing of Iraq's Ancient Marsh Culture
		Of all Iraq's ethnic groups, the marsh Arabs of the southern reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers may have the strongest claim to be Saddam Hussein's most bludgeoned victims.
		And the Shiite Arabs, accounting for about 60 percent of Iraq's population of 22 million, have had scores of their most influential clerics murdered and their religious ceremonies suppressed.
		In the process, at least 100,000 of the 250,000 marsh Arabs were displaced within Iraq; an additional 40,000 fled to Iran.
	www.iraqfoundation.org /news/2003/ajan/27_marsh.html (482 words)

	NPR : Analysis : Tracing The History Of Iraq From Its Earliest Days Of Civilization To The Present
		What we call Iraq today was ruled, as was the rest of the Arab Middle East, by the Turkish-speaking Ottoman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire ruled for centuries until 1914, when the First World War broke out.
		GHAREEB: I think that Iraq, because of the composition of the population--Iraq is one of the most unique countries in the region and the world in terms of its ethnic and religious makeup.
		It began to operate in Iraq in the '50s, and they played an important role during the latter part of the '50s and ultimately contributed to overthrow a prime minister of Kassem.
	www.npr.org /programs/totn/transcripts/2002/sep/020919.conan.html (4779 words)

	Crisis in Iraq: UNESCO Culture Sector
		In Iraq, as a result of thirteen years of sanctions and the chaos that followed the recent armed conflict, eight thousand years of human history now hang in the balance.
		To this effect three meetings that brought together internationally acclaimed experts on the cultural heritage of Iraq were organized on 17 April 2003 in Paris, 29 April 2003 in London, and 1 August 2003 in Tokyo.
		The two-day meeting was chaired by Iraq’s Minister for Culture, Moufid al Jazairi.
	portal.unesco.org /culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=8442&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (1307 words)

	FT.com / In depth - Shoot first, pay later culture pervades Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Another motorist, who was driving with his two children in the car, stood dazed in the street, his head lightly grazed by a bullet.
		Privately, Iraq's interior ministry officials consider the law a bit of a national insult.
		Like its counterparts in Iraq, John's company retains an intermediary, contacted through the local police, who can negotiate with the family of victims in such incidents.
	news.ft.com /cms/s/0080ca18-97d9-11d9-912c-00000e2511c8,dwp_uuid=c1a5b968-e1ed-11d7-81c6-0820abe49a01.html (1284 words)

	Pre-Historic Samarran Culture in Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The finding of the first significant irrigation at Samarra suggests that there was more investment in the land as far as farming for crops.
		This type of pottery was first recognized at Samarra but at first was thought to be a southern variant of the Hassunan Culture; it is now associated mainly with the site of Tell Sawwan.
		It is this Samarran colonization of the Mesopotamian lowlands which seems to be the origin of the later Ubaid Culture - which leads into Sumerian Civilization...
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Samarra_Culture.html (254 words)

	Culture & Tourism \| Iraq Updates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		NAJAF, Iraq, 15 October 2006 (AFP) -- Hundreds of thousands of Shiite pilgrims thronged the Iraqi shrine city of Najaf in a peaceful commemoration Sunday of the death of one of their most revered figures,...
		31 August 2006 (Al-Hayat) -- An unknown Iraqi blogger is dominating the cultural scene in Britain.
		Baghdad, 28 August 2006 (Aswat Al Iraq) -- The Iraqi ancient city of Assur is exposed to partial collapse and erosion due to the high water level in river Tigris, Iraqi state ministry of tourism said...
	www.iraqupdates.com /p_articles.php?scat=31 (450 words)

	Cannabis Culture Forums: Iraq war deaths top 650,000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A team led by Gilbert Burnham of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, Maryland, estimated deaths in the post-invasion period from March 2003 to June 2006, and compared the mortality before the invasion, from January 2002 to January 2003.
		Maybe it is becuase Iraq is quite chaotic and that these deaths are distributed all around Iraq.
		Researchers from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and the Al Mustansiriya University in Baghdad derived that estimate from a door-to-door survey, conducted by doctors, of 1,849 households in Iraq.
	www.cannabisculture.com /forums/showflat.php?Number=1304712 (1637 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Iraq
		It was a similar situation in Iraq during the first Gulf War when there were identifiable targets of concentrated regular forces.
		Support for the war among the American public will depend on how many continue to accept the argument from the Bush administration that the war in Iraq is a critical part of what it calls “The Global War on Terrorism” and how many see Iraq as another Vietnam quagmire.
		American soldiers are starting to desert the military as serious doubts about their continued presence in Iraq are gathering steam.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/iraq/us2000deaths.html (807 words)

	Columbia Journal of American Studies - Iraq War Culture
		This is an edited volume of critical analyses of Iraq War culture.
		Friends of CJAS are searching for 15-20 mid-length to longer essays (4000-8000 words) that explore the cultural origins, phenomena and effects of the war.
		The co-editors are interested in political essays that work to explain the revolving economy between violent imagery and US imperialism, as well as essays that highlight US cultural resistance against the Iraq War.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/cjas/iraqwarculture.html (120 words)

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