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Topic: Culture of Tonga

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	Tonga - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Tonga's education system is free and mandatory for all children up to age twelve, with only nominal fees for secondary education, and foreign-funded scholarships for post-secondary education.
		Tonga's economy is characterized by a large nonmonetary sector and a heavy dependence on remittances from the half of the country's population that lives abroad, chiefly in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.
		Tonga is famous for being the location where Fletcher Christian forced William Bligh into an open boat during the mutiny on the HMS Bounty (1789).
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Tonga (2884 words)

	Tonga History & Tonga Culture \| iExplore.com
		Tupou I, the great-great-great grandfather of the present ruler and the first chief to rule over all of Tonga, was the founder of the present dynasty and took power in 1831.
		Agriculture is the strongest part of Tonga's economy, producing coconuts, vanilla and pumpkins as cash crops, and a variety of fruit, vegetables and nuts for domestic consumption.
		Tonga is a member of the South Pacific Forum and the South Pacific Commission.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Tonga/History (800 words)

	Tonga
		Tonga became a British protected state under a Treaty of Friendship on 18 May 1900, when European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs tried to oust the second king.
		Tonga has an excellent education system which is free and mandatory for all children up to age twelve, with very nominal fees for secondary education, and foreign-funded scholarships for post-secondary education.
		Tonga is an archipelago directly south of Western Samoa.
	creekin.net /n184-tonga.html (2089 words)

	Tonga
		The flag of Tonga was adopted on November 4, 1875.
		Tonga, by a modification of its treaty of friendship with the United Kingdom in July 1970, is responsible for its own external affairs.
		Nuku'alofa, population 21,300 (1986), is the capital of Tonga.
	www.shortopedia.com /T/O/Tonga (1210 words)

	iWon - Travel Guide - History & Culture
		Tonga was the first country to greet the new millenium.
		The extended family is the basic social unit on Tonga, and it serves as a mini welfare state, with wealth, food and goods shared equally among all members.
		The concept of the communal extended family is so fundamental in Tongan life that parents have no real sense of 'possession' of their children, who are frequently shifted from one household to another, and may have several places to call home as a result.
	www1.iwon.com /travel/travelguide/history/0,20310,pacific-542,00.html (1289 words)

	Culture of Tonga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In pre-contact Tonga, newly pubescent males were tefe, or circumcised by cutting one slit in the foreskin, on the underside of the penis.
		There are a few cases of AIDS in the kingdom, but Tonga's relative isolation has prevented the disease from becoming the scourge that it has been in other countries.
		Tonga has evolved its own version of Western-style clothing, consisting of a long tupenu, or sarong, for women, and a short tupenu for men.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Culture_of_Tonga (5110 words)

	Socilty & Culture in the Pacific (Pollock, 1996)
		The Politics of Culture in the Pacific in Cultural Identity and Ethnicity in the Pacific, J Linnekin and L Poyer (eds).
		In Culture and Historv in the Pacific, J. Siikala ed., The Finnish Anthropological Society, Helsinki, 1 990, pp.
		The Culture of Politics and the Politicization of Culture in the Cook Islands.
	www.hawaii.edu /cpis/psi/anthro/society_and_culture.html (2343 words)

	Kingdom of Tonga - Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is made from the ground roots of a native pepper plant (Pepper Methysticum).
		Tonga is 13 hours ahead of GMT or UTC, and is one hour ahead of New Zealand standard time.
		The Kingdom of Tonga is the first country in the world to see first each "new" day.
	www.vacations.tvb.gov.to /culture2.htm (156 words)

	Tonga Travel & Tourism Guide
		Tonga is located in the very heart of the South Pacific lying east of Fiji and south of Samoa.
		The culture of Tonga is real and is there for the visitors to the Kingdom to experience as Tongans go about their everyday life.
		Tonga is served by Fuaamotu International Airport (Airport Code: TBU) in Tongatapu, Kuini Lavenia Airport (Airport Code: NTT) in Niuatoputapu and Nuku'Alofa (Airport Code: TBU).
	www.pacificcoasttravelinfo.com /tonga.asp (550 words)

	Cultures of present-day nations and states - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Culture of The Bahamas - Commonwealth of The Bahamas
		Culture of the Republic of the Congo - Republic of the Congo
		Culture of Trinidad and Tobago - Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Cultures_of_present-day_nations_and_states (1250 words)

	Tonga - Kingdom of Tonga - Country Profile - the Friendly Islands, Polynesia - South Pacific
		Tonga, an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean south of Samoa, also known as the Friendly Islands, it comprises 176 islands, 36 of them are inhabited.
		Tonga is the only monarchy in the Pacific since Taufa'ahau (King George) in 1875 declared Tonga a constitutional monarchy, he also gave Tonga its first constitution.
		Almost two-thirds of Tonga's population live on the main island Tongatapu, on which the capital city Nuku'alofa is located.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/tonga.htm (454 words)

	Why Visit Tonga - Tonga Activities - Tonga Culture - Tonga Travel Information and Travel packages - Kingdom of Tonga - ...
		Tonga's most impressive ancient burial site is at Paepae 'o Tele'a, thought to contain the body of Ulukimata I, who reigned during the 16th century.
		The bats are sacred (tapu) in Tonga, one of the few places in the Pacific where they are not eaten, except by royals who can hunt them for sport.
		It is rugged and mountainous, with Tonga's largest areas of natural bushland and rainforest, and is great for hiking, climbing and abseiling.
	tonga-escapes.com /why-tonga.html (2978 words)

	Tonga Culture & Nature - Kingdom of Tonga - Tonga Cultural Tours (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tonga's nearest neighbours are Samoa to the north, Fiji to the northwest and New Caledonia, more then 1000km (600mi) west.
		Tonga supports surprisingly few species of birds, although it does harbour a few interesting ones like the blue-crowned lorikeet, the red shining parrot and the incubator bird - that leaves its eggs to hatch warmed by volcanic mud - found on Niuafo'ou.
		Tonga is far enough away from the equator to enjoy a more comfortable climate than the Samoas or the Solomons, and winter (July to September) temperatures are pleasantly cool at 17°C to 22°C (62°F to 71°F), although rainstorms and strong southerlies can cause decidedly wintry weather.
	tonga-escapes.com.cob-web.org:8888 /tonga-culture-nature.html (1071 words)

	Tonga Sailing — Tonga Vacations — Tonga Travel - Vava'u - Tongatapu
		The Kingdom of Tonga, or the Friendly Islands - so called by Captain James Cook, is made up of three main island groups – Tongatapu in the south, Ha’apai in the centre and Vava’u in the north.
		Tongatapu, where Tonga’s international airport is situated, is another 8 hour sail from the southernmost Ha’apai islands.
		ail Tonga, cruise, dive and fish in the spectacular waters throughout the Kingdom of Tonga onboard the 51' Beneteau cruising charter yacht Impetuous.
	tonga-escapes.com /tonga-sailing.html (493 words)

	Tonga - Gurupedia
		Tonga is an archipelago in the southern Pacific Ocean, about a third of the way between
		Tonga was united into a Polynesian kingdom in
		Tonga became a British protected state under a Treaty of Friendship on
	www.gurupedia.com /t/to/tonga.htm (1304 words)

	AnthroGlobe Bibliography: Tonga N-Z
		Spenneman, Dirk H.R. 1986 Archaeological Fieldwork in Tonga 1985-6.
		Steward, Marjorie 1961 Langa Fonua in the Kingdom of Tonga.
		Tonga Council of Churches 1975 Land and Migration.
	coombs.anu.edu.au /Biblio/biblio_tonga3.html (5059 words)

	Tongan Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tonga is located in the beautiful waters of the South Pacific.
		Like all other cultures, the cultural identity of the Tongan is constructed and reconstructed.
		Tradition and culture is invented and reinvented in response to the different yet continuous encounters with other cultures.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/pacific/tonganculture.html (461 words)

	Tonga Travel Information and Travel packages - Tonga Swim With Whales - Tonga Vacations - Tonga Honeymoons - Tonga ...
		It is a beautiful cluster of waterways and pristine, sparsely inhabited islets at the centre lies an immense landlocked harbor.
		Tonga is located on the eastern edge of the Indo-Australian Plate, which is forced up by the Pacific Plate pushing under it at the Tonga Trench.
		Tonga lies on a volcanic ridge known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, the ridge extends from New Zealand to Samoa, then back toward Vanuatu and the Solomons.
	tongaescapes.com (532 words)

	History of Tonga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This was part of the Austronesian expansion that spread people from southeastern Asia across the Pacific to the east and across the Indian Ocean to Madagascar and eastern Africa in the west.
		By the 12th century, Tongans, and the Tongan paramount chief, the Tuʻi Tonga, were known across the Pacific, from Niuē to Tikopia, sparking some historians to refer to a 'Tongan Empire'.
		Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific, and its current king, George Tupou V, traces his line directly back through five generations of monarchs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Tonga (877 words)

	Peau Vava'u - Travel with Tonga's Domestic Airline to Tongatapu, Ha'apai and Vava'u
		So while the European myths of the South Pacific are recreated in the major destinations, Polynesian culture lives on in "Tonga Time" with swaying palm trees, coconuts, glorious sunsets, dancing, surfing, and young people wearing colourful shirts with flowers in their hair.
		You'll discover that Polynesian culture in Tonga is not an act for tourists: it's a way of life.
		Prepare to be greeted with the same outgoing friendliness that made Captain Cook dub Tonga "The Friendly Isles." With newfound friends, embrace an invitation to visit Church on Sunday, participate in a kavatonga (kava drinking ceremony), or an 'umu on the weekend.
	www.peauvavau.to /tonga.html (1089 words)

	Tonga Music Festival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Music among the Ba Tonga is highly recognised as not only a mode for personal expression but also a means of communication between members of the community.
		The bare facts are that, if a culture has to remain the driving force of any kind of society, something has to be done to safeguard against its erosion by foreign cultures or just simple loss of memory.
		The promotion of upcoming Tonga artistes and other cultural activities, which may develop Tonga music and culture, requires concerted effort by all those who care for not only the Tonga people but also the holistic development of Zambia and its many ethnic groups.
	www.thezambian.com /tmf (929 words)

	Tongan Culture Guide
		Tongan culture and its political spin-off is one of the most complex and traditional in the region.
		Tongan culture retains a strong divide between the royal families and the commoners and even today common people must use a special dialect when addressing someone of royal status.
		Traditional dance is another important part of the culture, as with all parts of the South pacific.
	www.tonga.islands-travel.com /culture.html (460 words)

	Living in Tonga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tonga is indeed the new and perhaps last frontier.
		The Kingdom Of Tonga - A Paradox In Paradise ~ by Robert Bryce - Tonga is a wonderful mix of culture and humor.
		Culture of The Kingdom of Tonga - Culture of The Kingdom of Tonga - Tongan culture stretches over a period of 6000 years ago to modern day.
	www.escapeartist.com /tonga/tonga.htm (1945 words)

	Tonga Whale Watching – Tonga Vacations – Tonga Travel – Vava’u - Tongatapu
		As Tonga and Niue are 2 of the only 3 locations (Tonga, Niue and Silver Bank) in the world where you can snorkel with the gentle humpback whales.
		The Southern Humpback Whale migrates to Tonga from Antartica, a journey of 6000 miles.
		During this time of price volatility in the travel, tour and cruise industry, please be advised the pricing can fluctuate within the same day.
	www.tongawhales.com (412 words)

	Kingdom of Tonga - Culture
		The adjacent gallery offers contemporary art and genuine cultural handicrafts.
		Tonga has a rich tradition of arts and crafts.
		-- Tapa is made and used extensively in Tonga.
	www.vacations.tvb.gov.to /culture.htm (431 words)

	Tonga — Infoplease.com
		Tonga: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Information on Tonga — geography, history, politics, government, economy, population statistics, culture, religion, languages, largest cities, as well as a map and the national flag.
		Tonga: History - History Archaeological evidence indicates that the islands of Tonga were settled as early as 900...
		Dealing with the dark side in the ethnography of childhood: child punishment in Tonga.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0849025.html (247 words)

	oceanic culture tonga
		Tonga is the only South Pacific country not colonized by Europeans and remains the only monarchy in the region.
		__ "Tonga is in the centre of the South Pacific islands, but with a very different nature from its neighbours; a nature that intrigues and delights travelers.
		For a start, Tonga has a monarchy, with a much beloved king, and is the only country in the South Pacific never to have been colonised." - illustrated - From pacificnavigator.com - http://www.pacificnavigator.com/tonga/abouttonga/abt_tonga.html
	www.archaeolink.com /oceanic_culture_tonga.htm (301 words)

	Tonga: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Situated east of the Fiji Islands in the South Pacific, Tonga (also called the Friendly Islands) consists of some 150 islands, of which 36 are inhabited.
		The current royal dynasty of Tonga was founded in 1831 by Taufa'ahau Tupou, who took the name George I. He consolidated the kingdom by conquest and in 1875 granted a constitution.
		Tonga - Tonga, officially Kingdom of Tonga, island kingdom (2005 est.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0108042.html (612 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > North County -- Rotary sends books across Pacific to Tonga
		Tonga is a group of 169 islands between New Zealand and Hawaii.
		The nation's population of nearly 115,000 is challenged by high unemployment among the young and a continuing rise in inflation.
		Under her direction, an initial shipment of 500 used books was mailed to Tonga after a book drive at San Diego schools.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/northcounty/20060614-9999-m1m14tfdmar.html (632 words)

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