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Topic: Culture theory

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Culture

Cultural studies

Culture (disambiguation)

Cultural norm

Cultural identity

Intercultural communication

Memetics

Cultural history

Instinct

Cultural anthropology

Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

Meme

Stephan Dahl

Marieke de Mooij

Kultur

	Culture theory
		Culture theory is that branch of anthropology and other related social science disciplines (i.e., for example, sociology) that seeks to define the heuristic concept of culture in operational and/or scientific terms.
		In the 19th century culture was used by some to refer to a wide array of human activities, and by others as a synonym for "civilization".
		The British version of cultural studies was developed in the 1960s mainly under the influence of Richard Hoggart and Stuart Hall at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham.
	www.jahsonic.com /CultureTheory.html (1589 words)

	Floyd Henry Allport: Social Change: An Analysis of Professor Ogburn's Culture Theory (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Further barriers to culture evolution are the difficulties of invention and of diffusion, lack of resources, lack of correlation with parts of existing culture, vested interests, power of tradition, habit, social pressure, orderliness of social organization, forgetting the unpleasant in an apotheosis of the tradition of the past, radicalism, curiosity, and conservatism.
		Culture is the work of man. It springs jointly from his own nature and from the materials and instruction already existing at his disposal.
		Since the cultural factors are essentially habits this statement may be rendered to the effect that in explaining social behavior we must exhaust the rôle of habit formation, or acquisition from the environment, before we ascribe the behavior in question to the hypothesis of instinct (biological factor).
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Allport/Allport_1924d.html (3716 words)

	HERVE VARENNE -- Definitions of culture
		Culture may be defined as the totality of the mental and physical reactions and activities that characterize the behavior of individuals composing a social group collectively and individually in relations to their natural environment, to other groups, to members of the group itself and of each individual to himself.
		Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e.
		Most characteristic [of recent work on culture] is a shift away from a theory of discrete culture traits within a framework of universal cultural history or cultural evolution to a study of the functions, patterns, and structures of cultural forms within a plurality of organized contexts...
	varenne.tc.columbia.edu /hv/clt/and/culture_def.html (2177 words)

	Culture theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Culture theory is the branch of anthropology and other related social science disciplines (e.g., sociology) that seeks to define the heuristic concept of culture in operational and/or scientific terms.
		In the 19th century, "culture" was used by some to refer to a wide array of human activities, and by others as a synonym for "civilization".
		Moreover, given that culture is seen as the primary adaptive mechanism of humans and takes place much faster than human biological evolution, most cultural change can be viewed as culture adapting to itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Culture_theory (342 words)

	Theory: Culture
		Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e.
		Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviours, and artifacts that the members of society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.
		Cultural studies tends to think of culture through perspectives which are held outside traditional academic contexts.
	www.nicholaspackwood.com /theory_culture.html (477 words)

	Mass Individualism? Mass Produced Culture in Western Society
		Mass culture theorists who operate under the paradigm of “liberal” mass culture theory would argue that mass culture lowers the general populations standards of good taste, therefore make them more receptive to mass produced culture, and more likely to ignore “high” forms of society and art.
		Mass culture theory exemplified “the concept of a manipulated and pacified audience susceptible to the ideological appeals of advertising and consumerism” that is an age-old suggestion of Marxist and structuralist theories.
		It is likely that popular culture and mass consumerism have reached their pinnacle of popularity not only because of the ease of acquiring these products and the way in which advertising motivates such consumption; but in the way it makes it possible for everyone to achieve some sort of cultural identification.
	www.socyberty.com /Social-Sciences/Mass-Individualism-Mass-Produced-Culture-in-Western-Society.79868 (1158 words)

	Taylor & Francis Journals: Welcome
		Culture, Theory and Critique is a refereed, interdisciplinary journal for the transformation and development of critical theories in the humanities and social sciences.
		Culture, Theory and Critique' approach to theoretical refinement and innovation is one of interaction and hybridisation via recontextualisation and transculturation.
		applying theories to cultural, literary, social and political phenomena in order to test them against their respective fields of concern and to generate critical feedback.
	www.tandf.co.uk /journals/titles/14735784.asp (325 words)

	Critical Theory of Culture
		The title of this essay "A Critical Theory of Culture" connects a critical theory of culture in which culture is the object of a theoretical examination, with a cultural theory, which becomes the subject of critique.
		Cultures, which are metaphysically stabilized in such a way, do not yet even require their own notion of culture, because any such notion would always already contain the suspicion of a lack of substance.
		With the splitting of the comprehensive enlightenment notion of culture into a notion of civilization, oriented at practical matters of life, and a 'lofty' notion of culture and education, which emphatically transcends the realms of practical reproduction of life, it becomes explicit, that the unquestioned certainty of identity characteristic for classical enlightenment is lost.
	www.uni-bonn.de /~pgeyer/manuskr/romtage.htm (8249 words)

	Ph.D. Program in Culture and Theory - Program Description
		Cultural studies, reemerging in the 1980’s from a British Marxist scholarly tradition has moved beyond studies of popular culture to incorporate insights from feminism, critical race theory, ethnic studies, post-colonial theory, queer studies, and media studies.
		Culture and Theory fits into the broad trend of new interdisciplinary programs that have emerged on the national and international scene, yet retains an important distinction that builds on the particular strength and reputation of the humanities at UCI.
		The Ph.D. program in Culture and Theory is designed to take full advantage of the combined expertise of the nationally and internationally prominent faculty at UCI whose work exemplifies the best in contemporary, critical, interdisciplinary studies in the humanities, social sciences, and the arts.
	www.humanities.uci.edu /cultureandtheory/program/index.php (846 words)

	Soviet Cultural Theory
		Ethnic communities, according to this theory of culture, are not only bounded, homogeneous units, but they are located within a universal history.
		Culture was reduced to superficial form, a sort of "ethnic flavoring" to the universal meat-and-potatoes content of Marxist class history.
		Russian language and culture became the national form of the USSR as a whole during the years 1 937-39, yet "the ethnic groups that already had their own republics and their own extensive bureaucracies were actually told to redouble their efforts at building distinct national cultures" (Slezkine 1994b: 445).
	www.koryaks.net /SovCultTheory.html (1220 words)

	Clifford Geertz, “Description: Toward and Interpretive Theory of Culture,” The Interpretation of Culture, (NY: ...
		And, worse than that, the more deeply it goes the less complete it is… There are a number of ways of escaping this—turning culture into folklore and collecting it, turning it into traits and counting it, turning it into institutions and classifying it, turning it into structures and toying with it.
		While cultural systems must have a certain degree of coherence in order to be cultural systems, coherence is a loaded measurement as well as a limited one.
		Culture is public because “meaning is,” and systems of meanings are what produce culture, they are the collective property of a particular people.
	academic.csuohio.edu /as227/spring2003/geertz.htm (1122 words)

	The study of popular culture
		Gramsci's concept of hegemony (see: cultural hegemony), that is, the domination of society by a specific group which stays in power by partially taking care of, and partially repressing the claims of other groups, doesn't work here anymore.
		Instead they tried to describe culture as a whole as a complex formation of discourses which indeed correspond to particular interests, and which indeed can be dominated by specific groups, but which also always are dialectically related to their producers and consumers.
		In this way the study of popular culture involves the use of methodologies from both the humanities and the social sciences in the effort to interpret expressive cultural forms, specifically those that are widely disseminated in a group (that is, that are popular) as part of dynamic social intercourse.
	www.jahsonic.com /PopularCultureTheory.html (4455 words)

	Trent University :: Theory, Culture and Politics
		Welcome to the homepage of the Centre for the Study of Theory, Culture and Politics.
		The M.A. Program in Theory, Culture and Politics is an important activity of the Centre and many Centre faculty are actively involved in the M.A. Program as course instructors, thesis supervisors, and members of supervisory committees.
		theory and practice; political action; power; social theory and social movements; political communication; cultural politics; politics and the political; theories of community; religion and social ontology.
	www.trentu.ca /theorycentre (357 words)

	The Globalization Website - Theories
		World culture theory is a label for a particular interpretation of globalization that focuses on the way in which participants in the process become conscious of and give meaning to living in the world as a single place.
		World culture encompassed increasingly global conceptions of the correct kind of national society, thematization of individual rights and identities, inclusion of non-European societies in international relations, and greater formalization of ideas about humanity (1992: 59).
		Although globalization does not create a common culture in which everyone holds the same beliefs and values, it does create a single arena in which all actors pursue their goals by deliberate comparison with others, using at least some common standards as yardsticks.
	www.sociology.emory.edu /globalization/theories03.html (1293 words)

	SPAEF: Public Administration & Management: An Interactive Journal -- Table of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Culture is understood according to elements of: (1) content, (2) process, (3) effect, (4) perspective, and (5) levels or types of culture.
		Organizational Culture is the shared assumptions, or the inherent value system, by which the members of the organization judge how to view their interaction with each other and with their organizational environment.
		They are ingredients of the factors or the "dimensions" of the organization's culture that attempt to adapt the organization to its external environment and the members to the internal order of the organization.
	www.pamij.com /98_3_2.html (872 words)

	Culture Theory
		Marketing culture has replaced the anal retentive with the anal expulsive, and yes, there is crap spreading everywhere in the current phase of capitalism.
		In the majority of cultures surveyed above, the collective efforts have served the cultural obsessions, but it is always a small upper class that enjoy the fruits of the efforts.
		The economic, political, cultural and technological aspects of a culture are not seen as just inter-related, but all rather manifestations of a central whole, generally regarded as residing in the common mental and emotional thought processes of all the people in the group.
	www.bergonia.org /Cul/culturaltheory.htm (2590 words)

	Critical theory - Psychology Wiki
		Horkheimer wanted to distinguish critical theory as a radical, emancipatory form of Marxian theory both from the model of science put forward by logical positivism and from what he and his colleagues perceived as the covert positivism and authoritarianism of orthodox Marxism and Communism.
		The second meaning of critical theory is that of theory used in literary criticism – hence "critical theory" -- and in the analysis and understanding of literature and is discussed in greater detail under literary theory.
		Critical theory in literature and the humanities in general does not necessarily involve a normative dimension, whereas critical social theory does, either through criticizing society from some general theory of values, norms, or oughts, or through criticizing it in terms of its own espoused values.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Critical_Theory (1343 words)

	CULTURE MACHINE:User Information
		The aim of Culture Machine is to seek out and promote the most provocative of new work, and analyses of that work, in culture and theory from a diverse range of international authors.
		Culture Machine is particularly concerned to promote research which is engaged in the constitution of new areas of inquiry and the opening of new frontiers of cultural and theoretical activity.
		Culture Machine also welcomes contributions to its open access archive for research and publications in cultural studies and related fields: communication and media studies, continental philosophy, literary, critical and cultural theory, new media, visual culture, psychoanalysis, post-colonial theory and so forth.
	culturemachine.tees.ac.uk /user_mn.htm (1301 words)

	LITERARY THEORY
		Theory involves philosophy, politics, history, anthropology, and psychology; and invites us to become more curious about things and texts and more nuanced and deft in understanding our own interiors.
		A major stumbling block to appreciating theory is the discomfort, as it were, of entering the party when you don't know the names of anyone.
		Theory Text Precis: Choose a theoretical book (preferably by an author we are not reading), relevant to the issues that you are writing about in your essay.
	www.fiu.edu /~harveyb/brucetheorynew.htm (2756 words)

	Broadcasting and Culture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Course Description: A critical examination of the broadcast media with emphasis on the connections between the message, the medium, society and culture from theoretical perspectives.
		Four students will be randomly selected on the due days to lead a class discussion concerning their "theory of the week".
		You will describe the basic framework of the theory and two or three major studies that are not in the Lowery textbook.
	web.utk.edu /~bkk/theory.html (508 words)

	Illuminations: Best and Kellner
		We combine social theory with cultural criticism to contribute to writing the "history of the present" (Foucault) and to developing "a theory of contemporary society" (Horkheimer).
		Rejecting the positivist dichotomy between fact and value, theory and politics, critical theory interrogates the "is" in terms of the "ought," seeking to grasp the emancipatory possibilities of the current society as something that can and should be realized in the future.
		Our analyses suggest that in a postmodern society of the image and spectacle, culture is playing an increasingly important role and thus it is imperative to develop critical theories of culture and a cultural studies that will interrogate the meanings, effects, and consequences of this shift in culture and technology.
	www.uta.edu /huma/illuminations/best8.htm (2396 words)

	Media Theory and Criticism
		In an era when the media have grown to be one of the most dominant forms of culture in North American -- so dominant, in fact, that the they can now be seen as the pinnacle of commercial culture -- an explanatory theory of the media becomes paramount.
		Yet considering the intimate relationship between culture and media and that, for many, the media have become their culture, a theory that views the media outside the context of culture will be afflicted with myopia.
		Douglas Kellner, in his book Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity and Politics Between the Modern and the Postmodern, sets out to make these connections.
	www.criticism.com /md (988 words)

	An Analysis of Kellner's Theory of Media Culture
		While an adequate theory of media culture, in our era, is of deep significance, it would nevertheless lack a fundamental connection to more profound aspects of life -- freedom, justice, equality, and general welfare -- without being tied to the political system that aims to ensure such liberties.
		Yet a theory of media culture must not only account for such relationships, but do so parsimoniously: The facts of the matter must be explained as economically as possible with the greatest possible depth and scope.
		Ultimately, a theory of the media must move beyond the media, for the media are merely a reflection, an embodiment, of the dominant nature and conditions of a cultural epoch.
	www.criticism.com /md/kellner.html (6465 words)

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