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Topic: Cumann na nGaedheal

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	Fine Gael - MSN Encarta
		Cumann na nGaedheal, the largest component of the new party, was derived from that part of revolutionary Sinn Fein that accepted the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, which established the Irish Free State, and won the ensuing Irish Civil War (1922-1923).
		The result of what was termed the economic war was particularly disastrous to the interests represented by the Centre and Cumann na nGaedheal parties, and together with the Blueshirts they founded a party with the express purpose of defeating de Valera in government.
		Under the leadership of William Thomas Cosgrave, the party went into decline and was saved from extinction substantially by its participation in the inter-party governments of 1948 to 1951 and 1954 to 1957, which interrupted Fianna Fáil’s domination of government.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761580393/Fine_Gael.html (933 words)

	Cumann na nGaedheal - Wiki Ireland
		The first Cumann na nGaedheal was founded by Arthur Griffith in 1904 to campaign against a visit by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra to Ireland.
		The second Cumann na nGaedheal was formed by pro-treaty Sinn Féin TDs in Dáil Éireann in Dublin in 1923.
		Nonetheless it came as a surprise when Cumann na nGaedheal was defeated by Fianna Fáil in the general election of February 1932.
	wiki.ie /wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal (394 words)

	ireland.com - The Irish Times - IRELAND
		Although many Cumann na nGaedheal ministers had been revolutionaries of the first wave, their collective style in government during the 1920s was to eschew flamboyance for a sober patriotism and a self-effacing zeal designed to return the country to "normality".
		In viewing the 1920s in the round, it is important to stress the success of Cumann na nGaedheal's democratic revolution - the establishment of a liberal democracy and of the institutions of the state - parliament, executive and judiciary.
		The legacy of Cosgrave and Cumann na nGaedheal was recognised in Dáil Eireann by a once arch-rival, Sean Lemass, whose brother, Noel, had been killed by government forces in somewhat sinister circumstances during the civil war.
	www.ireland.com /newspaper/special/1999/eyeon20/1920e.htm (2265 words)

	1998/cronin
		A problem for Cumann na nGaedheal was that the dream policies of pre-independence did not have the substance to stand the test of transition from Union to Independence.
		Cumann na nGaedheal's economic policies were directed in the main by Ernest Blythe at Finance and Patrick Hogan at Agriculture.
		Cumann na nGaedheal reacted in 1924 by applying duties to as limited range of products but this was such a small scale measure it had little impact.
	www.psa.ac.uk /publications/psd/1998/cronin.htm (8519 words)

	Cumann na Gael
		Formally launched on 27 April 1923, Cumann na nGaedheal was formed from the pro-Treaty wing of Sinn Féin which had been running the country since the split in the party.
		It continued in power until 1932 when it was defeated at a general election by Fianna Fáil, formed in 1927 from the anti-Treaty Sinn Féin.
		Between 1933 and 1973, the Party was in government twice, in coalition with the Labour Party, Clann na Poblachta, Clann na Talmhan and National Labour in the First Inter-Party Government, 1948
	www.ucd.ie /archives/html/collections/cumann-na-gael.htm (203 words)

	Blueshirts - Wiki Ireland
		Once the ban was lifted the IRA began to disrupt meetings of the former governing party, Cumann na nGaedheal and intimidating its members.
		Some hardline IRA members referred to Cumann na nGaedhael as the murder government, and mounted their campaign of threats and intimidation under the slogan No Free Speech for Traitors.
		Cumann na nGaedheal's protectors were declared illegal while the IRA, who were threatening Cumann na nGaedhael politicians and supporters and breaking up their meetings, were allowed to remain legal and armed.
	wiki.ie /wiki/Blueshirts (1072 words)

	Ireland Now Political Parties of Ireland
		Cumann na nGaedheal had been founded in 1923 to sustain the Government of the infant Free State in its efforts to build and develop the new nation on the basis of the treaty negotiated a few months earlier.
		The Cumann na nGaedheal party governed from the foundation of the State until 1932.
		Fine Gael policy is based on the principles of the encouragement of enterprise combined with social justice and with decision-making devolved to the appropriate level, as well as on the ideal of reconciliation with the people of Northern Ireland.
	www.irelandnow.com /finegael.html (317 words)

	Cumann na nGaedheal - Politics.ie Wiki
		Cumann na nGaedheal a number of political parties had this name.
		Cumann na nGaedheal (1900) - Founded by Arthur Griffith and William Rooney on 30th Sept 1900.
		Cumann na nGaedheal (1923) - Founded by supporters of the Anglo-Irish Treaty led by William T. Cosgrave on 8th April 1923.
	www.politics.ie /wiki/index.php?title=Cumann_na_nGaedheal (100 words)

	Cosgrave
		Cumann na nGaedheal TD 1923, elected for Dublin South in general election Aug 1923 (topped the poll),
		On the pro-Treaty side, Cumann na nGaedheal was sullied by its links with the Army Comrades Association (the Blueshirts), which was formed Feb 1932 as an anti-IRA, anti-communist group to protect the opposition.
		Cumann na nGaedheal was re-named Fine Gael after merger with Blueshirts Sept 1933.
	humphrysfamilytree.com /Flanagan/cosgrave.html (1410 words)

	Cumann na nGaedhael
		Cumann na nGaedheal (Later Fine Gael) Led by W.T Cosgrave (Following the deaths of Arthur Griffith and Michael Collins) formed the government to take over authority from the British.
		At the turn of the century he founded Cumann na nGaedheal, a federation of patriotic youth clubs of various hues and aims whose common factor was their detestation of the Irish Parliamentary Party led by John Redmond.
		Behind Cumann na nGaedheal, moreover, was the IRB which imparted the separatist complexion of the movement.
	www.generalmichaelcollins.com /pages/Cumann_na_nGael.html (322 words)

	Clan-Na-Gael - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Cumann na nGaedheal Party: merger with Centre Party and Blueshirts to form Fine Gael
		Fine Gael (Irish Gaelic for “tribe of the Gaels”), major political party in Ireland, formed in September 1933 from the merger of the Cumann na...
		Sodium, symbol Na, highly reactive, silvery-white, extremely soft metallic element.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Clan-Na-Gael.html (142 words)

	Fine Gael - Core policies, Pre-election pact, Young Fine Gael, Current state of the Irish political parties
		Fine Gael, since the days of Cumann na nGaedheal, has been known as the party of law and order as a result of its tough stance on crime and its origins in defending the Anglo-Irish Treaty, notably sanctioning the execution of 77 anti-Treaty prisoners during the Irish Civil War.
		In 1948 Clann na Poblachta held considerable support among members of the then IRA, and, in return for the Clann's support in 1954, Costello ensured that the votes of Fine Gael councillors elected Liam Kelly to the Seanad (Labour Panel).
		In the wake of the Fianna Fáil Arms Crisis and Cosgrave's strong performances in opposition in defending the institutions of the State, the party was well-positioned to return to Government in tandem with the Labour Party (which had ruled out coalition in its election campaign in 1969).
	encyclopedia.stateuniversity.com /pages/7502/Fine-Gael.html (2133 words)

	History of Ireland 1925 - 1932: Building the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland Economies
		One of the first tasks of the new Prime Minister, W Cosgrave, (of the moderate Cumann na nGaedheal party) was to reconstruct the bridges and railways which had been damaged or destroyed during the war.
		It won 42 seats in the Dail as opposed to Cumann na nGaedheal's 47.
		Cumann na nGaedheal's final loss of power occurred in 1932.
	www.wesleyjohnston.com /users/ireland/past/history/19251932.html (732 words)

	National Guard
		It eventually contained many members of the Cumann na nGaedheal political party, who had no military connection.
		Following the fashion of the early to mid-Thirties in Europe the movement took on the outward trappings of Fascism, hence the name Blueshirts, from the distinctive blue shirts that the members wore.
		Its name was soon changed to the National Guard and it merged with Cumann na nGaedheal and the Centre Party to form what is now one of Ireland's largest political parties, Fine Gael.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/na/National_Guard.html (482 words)

	Cumann na nGaedheal (1923) - Politics.ie Wiki
		Cumann na nGaedheal (1900) - Founded by Arthur Griffith and William Rooney on 30th April 1900.
		Cumann na nGaedheal was a centre right democratic party and the first to have held power in the Irish Free State after the granting of independence, following the Irish War of Independence.
		In its foreign policy the Cumann na nGaedheal government manouvered with in the strict confines of the Treaty, following the legacy of Collins and his 'stepping stones' approach to independence.
	www.politics.ie /wiki/index.php?title=Cumann_na_nGaedheal_(1923) (269 words)

	Proportional Representation in Ireland - Proinsias Mac Aonghusa: Minorities
		They are Cumann na nGaedheal, which later became Fine Gael, and the Labour Party, which, incidentally, is the oldest political party in the State.
		On the other hand Clann na Poblachta virtually, disappeared at that election, only one of its 12 candidates securing election, and only three Clann na Talmhan deputies were returned.
		These Clann na Talmhan members have since been more or less repudiated by their own executive and act in the Dáil more as Independent members than as a political party.
	proinsias.net /publications/pr_in_ireland/2006/08/minorities.html (1883 words)

	[No title]
		In short, I want to reestablish the connection between Cumann na nGaedheal—commonly seen as a party that betrayed the revolution—and the Irish revolution, arguing that the party tried to build on revolutionary ideals, but ultimately failed to convince the electorate of the validity and vitality of its project.
		Unlike their political opponents (generally called republicans) who desired a wholly independent Irish Republic, Cumann na nGaedheal believed the Treaty to be an honorable agreement and a genuine pathway to full sovereignty, and the government devoted itself to working the Treaty to the benefit of the Irish people.
		The rhetoric of Cumann na nGaedheal, and the way that its leaders framed its ideas, had definite antecedents in the Irish revolution, and was not self-consciously counter-revolutionary.
	www.cwu.edu /~masters/forms/doc/Sample_successful_FRA_grant.doc (2107 words)

	What is Fine Gael? - Blurtit
		Since its founding in 1933, Fine Gael has called for the use of all peaceful means to unite Ireland and Northern Ireland and has also followed a policy of dialogue and compromise in dealing with the English.
		In 1933, the party was known as "Cumann na nGaedheal," or "Gael Society" and it came into being thanks to the merger of two small political formations.
		Cumann na nGaedheal first formed government in 1923, after winning 41% of the vote and was led by William Cosgrave.
	www.blurtit.com /q389071.html (189 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Cumann na nGaedhael
		Cumann na nGaedhael ("Society of the Gaels"), sometimes spelt Cumann na nGaedheal, was an Irish language name given to two Irish political parties, the second of which had the greater impact.
		The first Cumann na nGaedhael was founded by Arthur Griffith in 1900 to campaign against a visit by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra to Ireland.
		The leadership of the pro-treaty Sinn Féin group included Arthur Griffith, Michael Collins and W.T. Cosgrave.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal (1003 words)

	Dáil Éireann - Volume 26 - 07 November, 1928 - IN COMMITTEE ON FINANCE. - VOTE 32—GARDA SIOCHANA (RESUMED).
		On that occasion Deputy Kennedy asked: “Is the Minister aware that a certain superintendent in the Midlands spent a fortnight before the last two elections addressing envelopes in Cumann na nGaedheal headquarters, and that his car was at the disposal of Cumann na nGaedheal on election day?” Mr.
		SHAW: It is well knows that Cumann na nGaedheal electors would have had to walk to the polls were it not for the Guards who saw that their cars were not attacked the night before.
		KENNEDY: Deputy Shaw stated that Cumann na nGaedheal electors would have had to walk to the polls were it not for the Guards, and then he said that the cars were not available for the elections.
	www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie /D/0026/D.0026.192811070043.html (16202 words)

	RTE Election 2007
		Fianna Fáil again gained seats, while Cumann na nGaedheal declined, and Eamon de Valera became Taoiseach for the first time with the support of the Labour Party.
		As a party, Cumann na nGaedheal proved even more useless in Opposition than it had in Government, and the party's vote declined even further, allowing Fianna Fáil to win an overall majority for the first time.
		Faigh léargas breise ar na dáilcheantair ina bhfuil an Ghaeltacht lonnaithe
	www.rte.ie /news/elections2007/history30s.html (356 words)

	Ireland's OWN: History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is of interest to note that the entire Cumann na mBan organisation was expelled from the Movement because it objected to these 'radical groups' with their banner taking part in the Bodenstown parade of 1968.
		We have already dealt with the Sligo case and that of Cumann na mBan, but Northern Republicans were not to be exempt.
		Where an organiser would report a Cumann to be in favour or indecisive, receipts for affiliation fees and delegates cards were forwarded even up to the eve of the Ard Fheis.
	irelandsown.net /republicanis2.htm (3626 words)

	Dáil Éireann - Volume 35 - 18 June, 1930 - In Committee on Finance. - Gárda Síochána and By-Election.
		He was an election agent for Cumann na nGaedheal and is in receipt of a pension of £150 from the State.
		What could we expect when the local Cumann na nGaedheal meeting on the Thursday night previous was held at that barracks and when those who were at that meeting adjourned into the barracks after the meeting.
		We had even a Deputy of the Cumann na nGaedheal Party some time ago producing the details of an incident— a non-political incident—in which the Guards had acted in a provocative and intimidatory manner.
	www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie /D/0035/D.0035.193006180036.html (13608 words)

	W.T. Cosgrave Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To his own son, Vivion, weeks after taking power in 1932 and reading the files on the actions of Cosgrave's governments in relation to its work in the Commonwealth, he said of Cosgrave and Cosgrave's ministers "they were magnificent, Viv."
		Cosgave founded the pro-treaty political party, Cumann na nGaedheal in 1923.
		In 1935 he became leader of the Fine Gael party, which was formed through a merger of Cumann na nGaedheal and the National Centre Party and the National Guard (Blueshirts) in 1933 and served in that role until 1944 when he retired from politics.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/w/w_/w_t__cosgrave.html (930 words)

	Eamon De Valera & the Fianna Fail
		Thanks to this intervention a lame-duck Cumann na nGaedheal administration managed to survive until 1932, when de Valera, in alliance with Labour, came to power.
		Rumours are that, in the event of the Cumann na nGaedheal Party coming back to power, there will be more change on the ministerial front bench.
		Fianna Fáil, he said, would repeal the Constitution (Amendment) Act and abolish the Military Tribunal, thereby destroying the safety it had given to the Citizens; and Fianna Fáil would be unable to deal with gunbullies, who, before the passing of the Act, were ready to rob, loot and domineer their neighbourhoods.
	meandmypage.tripod.com /Art/DeValera.html (5145 words)

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