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Topic: Cumbrian language

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Cumbric language

List of Brythonic languages

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	Labara: Introduction to the Celtic Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Celtic language is considered by scholars and the modern pan-Celtic movement to be the central, defining criterion of Celtic culture and identity, and few would deny that the chief inspirations of Celtic Paganism and Druidism are the flower of cultures that are indeed Celtic by that definition.
		A language both shapes and is shaped by the values and self-concepts of its community and culture.
		The Irish colonists' language became dominant on the island and remained so until the tenth century; Man then was ruled by Scandinavia for a few centuries, and Norse left its mark on the language.
	www.keltria.org /journal/labara1.htm (2874 words)

	Languages : Indo-European Family
		Lithuanian is one of the oldest of the Indo-European languages.
		Armenian is spoken in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh (an enclave in Azerbaijan).
		Avestan is the extinct language of the Zoroastrian religion.
	www.krysstal.com /langfams_indoeuro.html (1875 words)

	LABARA - talking about Celtic language
		But when a community changes its language, the result is not a development within a culture, but a distinct cultural break - the old worldview and self-concept is lost, as well as the more obvious loss of contact with literary and oral tradition and heritage.
		Recognising the essential role of language to the life and spirit of cultures, they are talking about Celtic language speakers and their cultures.
		Manx, or Gailck, is the Celtic language of the Isle of Man. It is likely that here, as in Scotland, the native Irish colonists arrived around the fifth century CE and found a principally Brythonic-speaking population.
	www.summerlands.com /crossroads/celticlanguage/labara1.html (2642 words)

	Cumbric language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cumbric was the Brythonic Celtic language spoken in Cumbria, and southern Lowland Scotland, ie.
		However, Cornish and Welsh evolved into separate, non-mutually intelligable languages in the period between 597-1000, after being geographically separated by the fall of the Cotswold region at the battle of Deorham.
		Although the language is long extinct it is arguable that traces of its vocabulary persisted into the modern era.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cumbrian_language (921 words)

	The CR FAQ - An Introduction to Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism - So What is Celtic Reconstructionism?
		While fluency in a Celtic language is not a prerequisite to participation in the CR community, people serious about developing the tradition almost always dedicate themselves to studying one of the Celtic languages as part of their CR practice.
		The Goidelic (Gaelic) Q-Celtic languages are Irish, Scottish, and Manx.
		Usually these people are the children or grandchildren of those who did speak the languages, and though they may not have learned a Celtic language in their household while growing up, the culture of their family has not yet had a chance to drift too far away from its roots.
	paganachd.com /faq/whatiscr.html (2832 words)

	Origin of the Celtic Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A common literary language was used in Gaelic Scotland and Ireland until the 17th century.
		Direct and indirect pressure to abandon the languages remains strong, along with the possibility that the living Celtic communities may disappear in the near future.
		The struggle for survival for all minority communities and languages in Europe is likely to become tougher as the European Community moves toward economic and political union.
	home.earthlink.net /~scotach/origin.htm (557 words)

	Welsh
		Languages of the World is brought to you by the National Virtual Translation Center.
		As a result, the languages diverged and became Welsh, Cornish, and Cumbrian.
		Middle Welsh (12th to 14th centuries) is well-documented, since it is the language of the Mabinogion, a collection of prose stories from medieval Welsh manuscripts.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/january/welsh.html (931 words)

	North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers: Cumbrian Dialect
		In the higher part of the dales, such as Borrowdale and Wythburn, which run up to the southern boundary of the county, it is mixed with that of Westmorland.
		Instead of saying "He and I are going," a Cumbrian says, "Him an' me's gaan." They do not use the possessive case of proper nouns at all.
		Only give two or three Cumbrians some subject of dispute- for instance, the merits or demerits of some particular horse or cow,-and they will argue the different points with as much energy, and as fluently, as if they had all the rules of Lindley Murray by heart.
	www.mininginstitute.org.uk /papers/CumbrianDialect.html (2152 words)

	Cornish - Language Directory
		Early Modern Cornish was the subject of a study by the Welsh linguist Edward Lhuyd in 1700, and differs from the mediaeval language in having a simpler structure and grammar.
		By this time the language was already arguably in decline from its earlier heyday, and the situation worsened over the course of the next century.
		Others include the Cornish sub-group of the European bureau for lesser-used languages, Teere ha Tavas, or land and language, Gorseth Kernow, Cowethas an Yeth, Agan Tavas and Dalleth, the last of which is the organisation promoting language to pre-school children.
	language-directory.50webs.com /languages/cornish.htm (681 words)

	Yn y dechreuad yr oedd y Gair: P-Celtic Languages
		The Brythonic languages, of which Welsh and Breton are the only survivors, are called P-Celtic, because they change Q or K sounds to P (or B) in root words.
		The northern Cumbrian language died in the 900s, and the southwestern Cornish language followed suit a thousand years later.
		From Latin, the word passed into the Germanic languages as "foreigner." Following the final conquest of Wales by England in 1283, Welsh entered seven centuries of prejudice and proscription, during which it nevertheless nurtured some of Britain's most compelling artists.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/world_languages/59097 (483 words)

	KryssTal : Readers' Feedback (Language Families)
		This is a Westgermanic language spoken in the Netherland (Groningen area) and in the North of Germany.
		Dutch is the language of Flanders, the North of Belgium.
		This language was a literary and administratif language until the unification of Germany (19th century) in the states of Northern Germany.
	website.lineone.net /~krysstal/f_langfams.html (8931 words)

	Launguages in Medieval Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		One overriding note is that even when a nation or province speaks one language more or less uniformly, it is still possible to travel ten miles and encounter mutually incomprehensible versions of the same language.
		You may consider the Scandinavian languages presented to all be dialects of Norse.
		Caucasian languages: A wide variety of languages are spoken in the Caucasian mountains, with only a passing similarity to each other.
	www.oz.net /~nataraja/ars/characters/languages.html (670 words)

	Cornish Language - A Definition :: Cornwall 24 :: News, Views and Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Cornish language (in Cornish: Kernowek, Kernewek, Curnoack) is one of the Brythonic group of Celtic languages which includes Welsh, Breton and, originally, Cumbrian.
		The Celtic languages of Scottish Gaelic, Irish and Manx are known as part of the separate Goidelic group.
		It recognises that some of these languages are in danger of extinction and that protection and encouragement of them contributes to Europe's cultural diversity and historical traditions.
	www.cornwall24.co.uk /Sections-article9-p1.htm (1982 words)

	Irish Language
		The Celtic language family is made up of the extinct Continental Celtic languages (consisting of Celtiberian, Gaulish, Lepontic, and Galatian), and the Insular Celtic languages of the so-called British Isles.
		This group of Irish patriots sought to assist the embattled language and its rich cultural associations against the continuing pressure of English, a pressure that began to be felt in Ireland as early as the twelfth century with the arrival of the Anglo-Norman invasion.
		Despite the fact that Irish is the first official language of the Republic of Ireland, most Irish people have only a nodding acquaintance with genuine daily fluency in their native tongue, and Ireland is far from a monoglot country.
	www.celtictraveler.com /Irish_language-4.html (643 words)

	[ BULGARIAN LANGUAGE WEB ] : Bulgarian Language, Key Facts & Info : Learn Bulgarian : Bulgarian Culture, Alphabet, ...
		The branch of linguistics, responsible for the classification of the world’s languages into families, is called comparative philology.
		Language facts (1986): 7,986,000 in Bulgaria, 85% of the population (1986); 234,000 in Ukraine; 30,000 in Greece; 10,439 in Romania; 270,000 in Turkey; 361,000 in Moldova (1979 census).
		Bulgarians regard Macedonian as a strain of their own language, while Macedonians insist it is a separate language.
	www.spraakservice.net /bulgarian (789 words)

	KEVREN CORNISH LANGUAGE PAGE
		The Cornish language is a Celtic language, of the brythonic (or 'P' Celtic) strand akin to Welsh and sister of the Breton language.
		Still the vigour of the language movement in all three groups is remarkable and interest across the world seems to be returning.
		It is impossible to say what remnant of the language came to Australia with the earliest sailors, or last century with miners and farmers, but perhaps a few words within their distinctive English dialect speech.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~kevrenor/kevren.html (1149 words)

	Non-Biblical Textual Criticism
		Sorbian (Wendish, Lusatian) is a Slavic language spoken in primarily in Germany in the region of the Polish and Czech borders.
		The languages of Serbia and Croatia are mutually comprehensible in speech, but both parties insist that the languages are different; the Serbs are Orthodox Christians and write their language in the Cyrillic alphabet, while the Croats are Catholic and write using the Roman alphabet.
		Bokmål, the "book language," was influenced by Danish (the two were united from 1380 to 1814), while Nynorsk was invented in the nineteenth century based on several dialects and was an attempt to return the language closer to its roots.
	www.skypoint.com /~waltzmn/NonBiblical.html (20034 words)

	Family in Welsh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Its 'cousins' are the languages in the Goidelic subgroup: Scots Gaelic, Manx Gaelic, Irish Gaelic.
		All these languages are spoken in the eastern coast of the British Isles and North-Eastern part of France.
		The language introduced into Britain was similar to the language of Gaul.
	www.uiowa.edu /~linguist/classes/typology99/languages/Welsh/Family.html (244 words)

	An Introduction to Celtic Languages
		Cumbrian was spoken in the Cumbria region, or northern England and southern Scotland.
		Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family.
		Gaulish is also considered a P-Celtic language, although it is on the same level as Goidelic and Brythonic in the Celtic family tree.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/celtic_internet_resources/56290 (513 words)

	Celtic League, American Branch: Celtic Languages
		There are few community incentives to pass the language on to the next generation — hence the importance of Diwan.
		Today Breton is spoken west of a line extending from St-Brieuc to Vannes; to the east of that the native language is Gallo, a Romance dialect related to Norman-French (although even in eastern Brittany nationalists have adopted Breton as their national language).
		The forced imposition of the Anglican Reformation and of English as the language of liturgy prompted a Cornish rebellion against the central government that was quickly suppressed and led to an even greater intolerance of local particularisms.
	www.celticleague.org /languages.html (2940 words)

	Diacritiques
		The choice of a gurning picture may indicate that the worm’s writer is British.
		Gurning is an ancient Cumbrian practice of pulling a funny face and is famously practised in the village of Egremont at its annual crab apple fair.
		The activity it denotes is exemplified here and here — certainly topical in the context of crab apples.
	serendipity.lascribe.net /tag/gurning (289 words)

	Cumbric - reviving the lost language of Celtic Cumbria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Cornish became extinct in the 18th century, but sufficient written records remained for the language to be reconstructed, and a revival is now underway.
		The last vestiges of the language survived into the 20th century as folk memories of Celtic numbers used by Cumbrian shepherds for counting sheep and in children's games.
		So it is not possible to reconstruct the language as it was spoken by the country folk just before its extinction.
	www.aboutulverston.co.uk /celts/cumbric.htm (274 words)

	Banjo Hangout Discussion Forums ARCHIVE - Welsh, Irish & other Celtic 5-String
		The native Cornish language remained, and achieved literary distinction in the cycle of Medieval mystery plays known as the Cornish Ordinalia.
		The language remained in daily use in parts of Cornwall until at least the late 1700s, and possibly some time thereafter.
		So, even if the language isn't Celtic, and the cultural traditions are largely Romantic, there exist bands and stylists from Galicia who are known to play and compose Celtic music.
	www.banjohangout.org /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=42238 (5860 words)

	The G o n M a D Cumbrian Dictionary
		As a Cumbrian ex-pat I felt it was my duty to play my own part in keeping the Cumbrian language alive.
		Admittedly, this dictionary blurs the distinction between Cumbrian and West-Cumbrian which are different dialects of the same language.
		Enjoyed by Cumbrian kids since time began, it involves running accross the gardens of adjoining houses, and hurdling the fences, hedges, and gates encountered on the way.
	www.gonmad.co.uk /cumbria (4637 words)

	The Cumbrian Blether
		A number of years ago now, at a party - South of England - a guest arrived late and announced by way of explanation that he’d just run over a ‘grokel’ on his bicycle.
		Unfortunately my wife, Liz, did her ‘back in’ mid-way through the week (picking up a t-shirt of all things, as can happen in such cases) so a trip to the local surgary in Kirkoswald for consultation was required.
		A nice place, the Dr’s waiting room, open and welcoming, convivial conversations with a lady who’d been bitten by her cat (well somebody’s cat anyway) and another whose voice was fading rapidly (she was a touch hoarse, you see) on the healthy benefits of a relaxing Cumbrian holiday.
	www.earthlypursuits.com /Blether/BLCumbrian0205.htm (736 words)

	languagehat.com: SCOTS.
		From today, the most detailed analysis to date of the Scots language will be accessible on the internet.
		Dr Wendy Anderson, from the Department of English Language at the University of Glasgow, said: "We’re interested in the currency of distinctively Scottish words, such as gallus, canny, muckle, sonsie and braw.
		All of the Celtic countries (Brittany, Wales, Cornwall, Ireland, Scotland) have relatively little litterature and that is partly why the Celtic language sections in all university librairies range from small to almost non-existant.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001655.php (1074 words)

	Britannia
		In script and on tongues, there is visual and oral proof the Welsh language is making a comeback that its Celtic bards would celebrate in song and verse.
		The Act of Union said English should be the language of the Welsh courts and no person speaking only Welsh should hold public office.
		This trend is expected to grow because the mandatory teaching of Welsh in state schools only began in the early 1990s.
	www.britannia.com /news/articles/welsh3.html (522 words)

	languagehat.com: THE EXQUISITE CORPSE OF PAGE 23.
		Much of that which, in the Cumbrian high country, is advanced as solid historical fact evaporates, cloud-like, upon close scrutiny into unsubstantial legend.
		MM: It probably goes without saying that I have a lot of dictionaries near me as well; I excluded them on the grounds that they did not primarily consist of sentences and thus were hors de combat.
		Who'd have thought the 'language' in Languagehat referred to english only.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001282.php (3310 words)

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