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Topic: Cumbric

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	CONK! Encyclopedia: Cumbric (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cumbric was the Brythonic Celtic language centred in Cumbria, and spoken from lowland Scotland south to Derbyshire until about the 11th century.
		The distinction of the Old Brittonic dialects into separate languages begins in about the 5th century, and Cumbric was most likely dead by the 11th century (though extinction dates as late as the 13th century have been suggested).
		More concrete evidence of Cumbric exists in the place-names of the extreme northwest of England and the South of Scotland, the personal names of Strathclyde Britons in Scottish, Irish and Anglo-Saxon sources, and a few Cumbric words surviving into the High Middle Ages in South West Scotland as legal terms.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Cumbric (453 words)

	Cumbric language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cumbric was the Brythonic Celtic language spoken in much of Cumbria, Northern Northumbria, and lowland Scotland until about the 11th century.
		Although there are traces of Cumbric still in use today, the language is dead and there are no complete records of the language.
		The distinction of the Old Brittonic dialects into separate languages begins in about the 5th century, and Cumbric was most likely dead by the 11th century.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/cumbric_language (424 words)

	Celtic Phonology
		The morpheme "blen" corresponds to Welsh blen and Cornish blyn, The Reconsctructed Cumbric (RC) spelling is *blain.
		N.B. The existence of Cumbric field-names denotes the late survival of Cumbric.
		A number of Cumbric plurals have survived, for example the plural suffix -ow has survived in the place-name Blencogo and the suffix -eth or -ydd has survived in the place name Werneth Low in Cheshire and in Warren Burn.
	www.talkaboutculture.com /group/soc.culture.welsh/messages/88170.html (1298 words)

	Cumbric language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cumbric was once referred to as North (A Celtic language of Wales) Welsh and (English breed of compact domestic fowl; raised primarily to crossbreed to produce roasters) Cornish as South Welsh.
		The biggest problems with modern-day knowledge of the language lies with the fact that the language may have been merely a (The usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people) dialect of Welsh, not distinct at all.
		Reconstructed (A word is cognate with another if both derive from the same word in an ancestral language) cognates in the language only number around 50, and the Celtic Culture of Northwest England has long since been forgotten.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cu/cumbric_language.htm (502 words)

	Read about Cumbric language at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Cumbric language and learn about Cumbric language ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cumbric was once referred to as North Welsh and
		5th century, and Cumbric was most likely dead by the 11th century(though extinction dates as late as the 13th century have been suggested) However, in this time, it is possible that it was moving further away from Welsh grammatically, and developing as a distinct, non-intelligible tongue.
		Latin observational texts and place names, the language is today undocumented.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Cumbric (441 words)

	"Revived" Cumbric language (page 2) \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There should be a mass operation, and gather everyone who know's anything about Cumbric to a meeting, to discuss and gather all the information about it.
		Cumbric was actually spoken as far south as Cheshire, legend has has it, because of the old dark age kingdom, Rhegged.
		Cumbric grammer, is exactly the same to the rest of the brythonic languages, and the rest of the gaelic languages (by the way, German is the offspring to Gaelic, because the Celts came from the fl forest areas of Germany).
	www.antimoon.com /forum/posts/8599-2.htm (551 words)

	"Revived" Cumbric language \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, the Cumbric language is proof that counties are part of England even though a Celtic language was spoken there, such as Cornwall.
		Cumbric was spoken all the was from Cumbria down to Derbyshire and covered counties such as Lancashire and Cheshire.
		Unlike Cornish, which we have written records of, we just do not know enough about Cumbric for the revival of it to be possible.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/posts/8599.htm (533 words)

	BBC - Wales The Story of Welsh - The Heroic Age
		When the Cumbric kingdoms were eventually overrun it appears that their culture and literature found a new home in Wales, possibly due to noblemen and Celtic monks fleeing to safety there.
		Cumbric was easily understood by speakers of Welsh and Y Gododdin became a well-known and respected poem.
		Indeed, it was referred to by the 12th-century poet Prince Owain Cyfeiliog of Powys in his poem Hirlas Owain, which unlike Y Gododdin celebrates a victory.
	www.bbc.co.uk /wales/storyofwelsh/content/theheroicage.shtml (584 words)

	Re: Riccardo and nasal mutation
		The problem is > : that > : > Cumbric is the poor relative of the P-Celtic family of languages.
		The > : > question of whether Cumbric completely died out is open to debate, for > : > example people are still using Cumbric place-names, and Cumbric personal > : > names, in addition a number of Cumbric words have passed on into > Standard > : > English and dialect.
		However no-one speaks Cumbric as a means of communication and no-one has for hundreds of years.
	www.usenet.com /newsgroups/soc.culture.cornish/msg00099.html (460 words)

	Cumbric - reviving the lost language of Celtic Cumbria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cornish became extinct in the 18th century, but sufficient written records remained for the language to be reconstructed, and a revival is now underway.
		All that can be said is that late Cumbric was probably very similar to, and mutually intelligible with, medieval Welsh.
		However it may be possible to construct earlier bardic forms of Cumbric, for when the Cumbric kingdoms were eventually overrun it appears that their culture and literature found a new home in Wales, with the poetry of the two major Cumbric poets Aneirin and Taliesin being preserved by the Welsh bards and monks.
	www.aboutulverston.co.uk /celts/cumbric.htm (274 words)

	"We were stood there in the queue".. is this correct? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cumbric words that have passed into Standard English.
		Cumbric from the surviving Cumbric word in Scots and North Country
		This is a hybrid Cumbric and Norse place-name, cf.
	vocaboly.com /forums/ftopic402-0-asc-465.html (4551 words)

	strath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gaelic certainly was spoken in parts of the East Central Belt, at some times, but the central issue of the history of Gaelic is the anglicisation of Strathclyde.
		Glasgow, with a small Scots-speaking population surrounded by Cumbric speakers, would be like Hansa towns in Poland or Lithuania, small in population but speaking Low German, recognizable to all Hansa towns.
		Scots law had special codes for the burghs, so they were under different laws from the surrounding countryside (but the same law for all burghs, to make contractual agreements clear and binding).
	www.pinko.org /90.html (2024 words)

	oldnotes2
		Barlanark is also Cumbric; the second element is *lanerc ('clearing in a wood'), found also in the place-name Lanark.
		Cumbric was dying out by the 11th century, which means that Cumbric place-names take us directly back to the first millennium of our era.
		The bulk of the place-names in and around Glasgow were either coined by Gaelic-speakers or adapted to Gaelic from Cumbric.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /institutes/sassi/spns/oldnotes3.htm (8354 words)

	Bernicia - ArtPolitic Encyclopedia of Politics : Information Portal
		It later merged with the kingdom of Deira to form the kingdom of Northumbria.
		Its territory is said to have stretched from the Tyne northwards, ultimately reaching the Firth of Forth, while its western frontier was gradually extended westward, encroaching on the Cumbric[?] speaking kingdoms of Rheged, Gododdin and Dunbarton[?].
		The chief royal residence was Bamburgh, and near it was the island of Lindisfarne, which became the see of a bishop.
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/be/Bernicia.html (253 words)

	United Kingdom - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Other indigenous languages include the Celtic languages; Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, which is closely related to Irish Gaelic, Cornish and Irish Gaelic; as well as Lowland Scots, which is closely related to English; Romany; and British Sign Language (Irish Sign Language is also used in Northern Ireland).
		Celtic dialectal influences from Cumbric persisted in Northern England for many centuries, mostly famously in a unique set of numbers used for counting sheep.
		Recent immigrants, especially from the Commonwealth, speak many other languages, including Cantonese-Chinese, Gujarati, Hindi and Urdu.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /united_kingdom.htm (3639 words)

	May Conference 2001
		Hence they contribute a further nugget of evidence to our extremely scant knowledge of Cumbric, and add a P-Celtic item to the lexical set of elements referring to mountain passes.
		The dating of Trusmadoor and Truss Gap, and the chronology of Cumbric names in general, remain tantalisingly uncertain.
		The exepegetic door and gap in Trusmadoor and Truss Gap are part of a larger and ongoing process of remodelling the names of the Lakeland passes.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /institutes/sassi/spns/SPNS0501.htm (1382 words)

	From Cumbria With Love... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cumbric language Cumbric was the Brythonic Celtic language centred in Cumbria, and spoken from lowland Scotland south to Derbyshire until about the 11th century.
		More concrete evidence of Cumbric exists in the place-names of the extreme northwest of England and the South of Scotland, the personal names of Strathclyde Britons in Scottish, Irish and Anglo-Saxon sources, and a few Cumbric words surviving into the mid-Middle Ages in South West Scotland as legal terms.
		About the post on the Cumbric language from "Guest".
	ctd.6.forumer.com /a/from-cumbria-with-love_post325-45.html (1304 words)

	Re: Are lowland Scotts Celts, Picts, or English
		The surname itself is therefore not Cumbric as such though the place name derives from the P-Celtic as Boggie suggests.
		However I would think it's 'unlikely' to be from Cumbric as Cumbric was never spoken in this part of Scotland.
		The idea that because place-names exist which derive from Cumbric it must be that the Cumbric language is still a live language is just daft.
	www.usenet.com /newsgroups/soc.culture.celtic/msg02092.html (549 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.2320: Price, Languages in Britain & Ireland
		The chapters in LBI vary widely in length and depth, ostensibly by virtue of the relative importance of each language to the linguistic history of the British Isles, and because of the poverty of evidence for long-extinct languages such as Pictish or Cumbric.
		those for Cumbric), and some important sources are conspicuous by their omission.
		There are, most strikingly, no references anywhere in LBI to Trudgill (1984), which seems odd considering the convergence between the two books' contents and the fact that five of the contributors (Barnes, Edwards, MacKinnon, O Dochartaigh, Thomson) have written entries on the same languages for both collections.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/12/12-2320.html (1621 words)

	'Return Stonehenge' says archdruid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		By your logic then most of the population of Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and the Isle of Man are not therefore Celts because the buggers speak English!
		You also ignore the fact that Cumbric was spoken throughout Northern England!
		The population of the British Isles became Celtic speaking, but = few think that this meant a population replacement or even a numerically = significant invasion -- the archaeological record doesn't support that.
	www.urban-living.org /new-1421928-687.html (20341 words)

	[No title]
		The linguistic history of the area that became modern Scotland is very complex.
		In the 8th century, the area that is now Scotland had several different cultures speaking different languages: * Cumbric (a Brythonic language closely related to Welsh) in the southwest; * Old English in the southeast; * Pictish in the north; and * Gaelic in the west.
		The Norse settled in the north in the 9th century, changing the lingustic map: * Cumbric (a Brythonic language closely related to Welsh) in the southwest; * Old English in the southeast; * Pictish in the northeast; * Norse in the north; and * Gaelic in the west.
	www.panix.com /~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi/3008.txt (577 words)

	5th-7th C Brythonic Women's Names (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On a much more speculative level, I have then attempted to offer linguistic reconstructions of how these women's names might have been written and pronounced during their own lifetimes.
		For these reconstructions I have been forced to treat the names as if they followed Welsh practice for the same period, as the independent evidence for Cumbric at the same period is too scanty to be useful.
		Urien Rheged was a patron of the poet Taliesin and is mentioned in several of the poems considered to belong to the historic poet (as opposed to the mythic figure who took over his name).
	www.s-gabriel.org /names/tangwystyl/brythonic (2039 words)

	GOVAN: the name (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although in Welsh the prefix gwo- became go-, this may not have been the case further north (Jackson 1955, 163).
		In Pictish, the equivalent of Welso gwo- was uo-, which seems to have become wu- in some contexts, and a similar situation may have applied, for all we know, in Cumbric.
		If the name does indeed refer to the Doomster Hill, it would be at least a small indication that that mound dates from a period when North British / Cumbric was still in active use in the area, and hence probably could not be much later than the tenth century.
	www.govanold.org.uk /reports/1996_the_name.html (627 words)

	The Arts In Berwick -- Ballads and Poems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The closest we can get to this unwritten lost language is in Medieval Cumbric.
		The Welsh epic poem Y Goddoddin attributed to the bard Aneirin seems also to be an adaptation of a Cumbric original.
		Aneirin was probably court poet to one of the last British kings based in Edinburgh, part of whose realm had been lost to the Anglian chief Ida at Bamburgh in 558.
	www.exploreberwick.co.uk /ArtsInBerwick/Ballads/4_01.htm (188 words)

	Celtic Malts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I may have to expand it pretty soon again though.
		This will be a tough challenge, because only very few Cumbric words are known, and I bet you that ‘distillery’ isn’t one of them!
		Not being able to speak any of the Celtic languages myself, I could never have written this article without the kind help of a bunch of people.
	www.celticmalts.com /journal-a36.htm (1123 words)

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