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Topic: Cumene

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	NTP: Executive Summary Cumene Hydroperoxide
		Cumene hydroperoxide is produced at ~130°C via the oxidation of cumene with air in the presence of aqueous sodium carbonate as a catalyst and is analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
		Cumene hydroperoxide is produced at approximately 130∞C via the oxidation of cumene with air in the presence of aqueous sodium carbonate as a catalyst (Lewis, 1993; CEH, 1998).
		Cumene hydroperoxide is also used as a catalyst for rapid polymerization, especially in redox systems, as a curing agent for unsaturated polyester resins, an initiator for polymerization of styrene and acrylic monomer, and a chemical intermediate for the cross-linking agent, dicumyl peroxide (Lewis, 1993; CEH, 1998).
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=03DAC9D0-0690-4C68-3033B59E7502F588 (2139 words)

	Cumene
		CUMENE is also used as an important raw material in the manufacture of pesticide intermediates such as Para Cumidine.
		CUMENE finds application in the manufacture of cumene hydroperoxide, dicumyl peroxide which are used as Initiators in polymerisation process, grafting of vinyl monomers onto polymer backbone, curing of resins and rubber etc.
		CUMENE is used as a component in aviation gasolines which enables to improve the octane rating of internal combustion engines.
	www.herdillia.com /htm/cumene.htm (245 words)

	Cumene (CICADS)
		Cumene is expected to adsorb moderately to strongly to soil/sediments and to undergo biodegradation in water and soil.
		Cumene was, however, observed to be degraded to a significant extent by microorganisms isolated from ocean sediment samples incubated in seawater, as Walker et al.
		Cumene was detected in 8 of 135 samples of surface water (detection limit 0.03 µg/litre with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) at concentrations ranging from 0.09 to 0.44 µg/litre in several locations near a potential emission source in the 1986 monitoring of the general environment in Japan (Japan Environment Agency, 1987).
	www.inchem.org /documents/cicads/cicads/cicad18.htm (14100 words)

	NTP: Cumene Hydroperoxide (Toxicological Data)
		The effects of cumene hydroperoxide (0.01-0.2 mM; 1.5-30 mg/mL) on the plating efficiencies of human adenocarcinoma (A549) cells were studied; concentrations in excess of 0.5 mM (76 g/mL) were cytotoxic (Baker and He, 1991).
		Cumene hydroperoxide also had an inhibitory effect on lipoprotein secretion, leading the authors to postulate possible damage to the Golgi apparatus (Chiarpotto et al., 1984).
		Cumene hydroperoxide (100 mg; 0.657 mmol) administered s.c.
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=03DD145C-E3F5-C063-5AE6A609208B9D81 (1893 words)

	Abstract of CEH report Cumene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As a result, consumption of cumene for phenol is forecast to show healthy growth rates in most regions.
		The largest exporters of cumene are the United States (to the Netherlands) and Japan (to the Republic of Korea).
		Cumene peroxidation is the largest source of phenol and acetone.
	www.sriconsulting.com /CEH/Public/Reports/638.5000/Abstract.html (225 words)

	EPA - Air Toxics Website - Cumene
		Cumene is used as a thinner for paints, lacquers, and enamels and as a component of high octane fuels.
		Cumene has a potent CNS depressant action characterized by a slow induction period and long duration of narcotic effects in animals.
		Cumene occurs as a colorless flammable liquid that is insoluble in water.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/cumene.html (1017 words)

	Shell Chemicals - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cumene capacity in North America increased 65% between 1995 and 2001 as a result of this new technology.
		These merchant cumene suppliers are refinery operators who have integrated forward in the chemical supply chains to capture more value from their benzene and propylene.
		Cumene producers who are actually integrated or contractually linked to upstream benzene producers will find benzene sourcing a much more pleasant task over the next few years than cumene producers who lack these key links.
	www.shellchemicals.com /news/1,1098,1644-speech_id=50,00.html (2523 words)

	19870922 Spills of Cumene Hydroperoxide.
		However, a chemical manufacturer of cumene hydroperoxide specifically states in its material safety data sheet on this chemical, "Do not use vermiculite." The Manufacturer suggests the use of soda ash for spill cleanup to maintain the pH high.
		Cumene hydroperoxide is a colorless to pale yellow combustible liquid with a sharp irritating odor.
		Cumene hydroperoxide is known to cause ignition, violent combustion, or explosion when in contact with easily oxidizable substances.
	www.osha.gov /dts/hib/hib_data/hib19870922.html (321 words)

	American Chemical Society: Chemical & Engineering Safety Letters
		The cumene hydroperoxide was probably present in very high concentration, with little hexane remaining just before the explosion.
		Cumene hydroperoxide at 0.2M concentration in benzene is thermally stable with a half-life of 29 hours at 145
		The literature is full of examples showing that cumene, as well as other hydroperoxides, can undergo rapid decomposition at room temperature with a wide range of compounds, even when these compounds are present in trace or catalytic concentrations (acids and metal are examples).
	pubs.acs.org /cen/safety/19930531.html (513 words)

	Cumene (PV2137)
		The retention efficiency study showed no cumene present on the back-up section of tubes that had been spiked with 11.75 mg cumene and that had 24 L of humid air drawn through them.
		Cumene is also used as a thinner for paints and as a constituent of some petroleum-based solvents.
		Fifteen charcoal tubes were each spiked with 5.88 mg (50 ppm) of cumene, then they had 24 L of air, with an absolute humidity of 15.7 milligrams of water per liter of air (about 80% relative humidity at 23°C), drawn through them.
	www.osha.gov /dts/sltc/methods/partial/pv2137/pv2137.html (1884 words)

	NDCRT Home Page
		IDENTIFICATION Cumene is a colorless liquid with a sharp, penetrating odor.
		Cumene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and high acute toxicity to birds.
		The concentration of cumene found in fish tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of cumene in the water from which the fish was taken.
	www.ndcrt.org /data/EPA_Chemical_Fact_Sheets/Cumene.html (2019 words)

	Formation of Cumene
		The purpose of this investigation was to attain Cumene by mixing benzene, isopropyl alcohol, and a catalyst, sulfuric acid.
		Cumene can also be dangerous to our environment by contaminating the air and water.
		The cumene was the organice layer, which contained Benzene and isopropanol.
	utminers.utep.edu /memorales/lab1.htm (870 words)

	Cumene and Phenol processes and catalysts
		Cumene is then converted to phenol and acetone by peroxidation.
		The Q-Max process represents a new generation of cumene technology based upon a highly-selective and stable zeolite catalyst developed by UOP researchers.
		The catalyst used in the Q-Max process can be regenerated repeatedly, avoiding the significant catalyst disposal problems associated with the older SPA and aluminum chloride catalyst systems.
	www.uop.com /aromatics/3040.html (246 words)

	IDEM - OAM - TOX Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is used as a thinner for paints, lacquers, and enamels; as a component of high octane fuels; and in the manufacture of Acetophenone and Methylstyrene.
		Cumene is a chemical manufactured during the refining process by combining Benzene and Propylene.
		Cumene must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers such as permanganate, nitrates, peroxides, chlorates, and perchlorates since violent reactions occur.
	www.state.in.us /idem/air/toxwatch/health/chemicals/cas98828.html (282 words)

	Market boom spurs upward price pressures
		Prior to that shutdown, operating rates for cumene in North America were about 78%, recalls Chuck Venezia, vice president for benzene and derivatives at chemicals consultant DeWitt and Co., Houston, Tex. After the closure, he adds, operating rates leaped to 94% to 95% in 2004, forcing phenol producers to scramble to find adequate cumene.
		Phenol is produced by the peroxidation of cumene (isopropylbenzene), a process that yields another important chemical building block, acetone, as a co-product.
		Cumene itself is derived from two petrochemical feedstocks, benzene and propylene.
	www.purchasing.com /index.asp?layout=articlePrint&articleID=CA508495 (968 words)

	Overview
		Fresh and recycle benzene is combined with propylene and fed to an alkylation reactor where cumene is formed at mild temperatures and pressures along with some by-product polyisopropyl-benzenes (PIPB).
		The size of the cumene column is minimized by the very low levels of butylbenzene and other undesirable by-products which must be separated from the crude cumene.
		The bottoms stream from the cumene column is further fractionated in a small PIPB column.
	www.exxonmobilchemical.com /Public_Products/TechLicensing/Worldwide/Technologies/Tech_Technologies_Aro_Cumene.asp (349 words)

	Cumene producers price capacity market demand consumption production growth uses outlook
		Ninety-eight percent of cumene is consumed for the production of phenol and acetone.
		Demand for cumene fell sharply last year, due to the collapse in phenol demand.
		US cumene demand is projected to grow at 3 percent annually, through 2005.
	www.the-innovation-group.com /ChemProfiles/Cumene.htm (490 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		First benzene is alkylated with propylene to cumene, then the produced cumene is oxidised with air oxygen to cumene hydroperoxide.
		As an instance, putting an absorber filled with special activated coal gave tenfold reduction of the volume of cumene purged to the atmosphere along with waste gases discharged from the cumene oxidation facility.
		Modification of the alkylate washing in the cumene synthesis facility yielded eightfold reduction of the volume of the wastewater stream comprising up to 600 ppm of aromatic hydrocarbons (mainly benzene) discharged for final biological treatment.
	www.p.lodz.pl /chemia1/kongres/sekcja/6/ku/9a.doc (276 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Chevron upgrades cumene facility at Port Arthur, Texas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The project will increase the cumene capacity of the unit from 200,000 tpy to 450.000 tpy.
		Cumene is used to produce phenol and acetone for the manufacture of products such as building materials, carpets, automotive parts, cosmetics, and medicines.
		The construction contract has been awarded to Brown & Root, Inc. The modernisation is targeted for completion in September 1997, to coincide with the start-up of the newly expanded ethylene facility.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/company/cnn65203.htm (122 words)

	Cumene [factsheet]
		These scores are nonlinear and are the product of two ratings: a rating based on the minimal-effect-dose and a rating based on the type of effect.
		* Cumene occurs as a colorless flammable liquid that is insoluble in water.
		* Cumene is used as a thinner for paints, lacquers, and enamels and as a component of high octane fuels.
	www.weblakes.com /toxic/CUMENE.HTML (958 words)

	Spectrum Laboratories : Chemical Fact Sheet - Cas # 98828 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cumene is expected to strongly adsorb to soils and is not expected to leach to groundwater.
		Cumene is expected to strongly adsorb to soils and is not expected to leach to
		Cumene is expected to biodegrade fairly rapidly in water.
	www.speclab.com /compound/c98828.htm (935 words)

	The World Market for Cumene: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for cumene for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for each region, is based on a model which aggregates across country markets and projects these to the current year.
		"Cumene" as a category is defined in this report following the definition given by the United Nations Statistics Division Classification Registry using the Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 3 (SITC, Rev. 3).
	www.mindbranch.com /products/R307-4781.html (741 words)

	Projects: Cumene
		The current technologies used to produce isopropylbenzene (cumene) require use of large excess amounts of reactant benzene, an expensive and carcinogenic organic reactant.
		This system allows for the separation of unreacted benzene from cumene, as it is produced.
		The main advantage is the high energy-savings, and may result in higher yield and selectivity than the traditional technologies.
	www.sandia.gov /nenoff/cumene.html (297 words)

	Argonne-CMT New Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Aromatics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Oxidation of cumene to cumene hydroperoxide using molecular oxygen.
		Cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide to phenol and acetone, catalyzed by sulfuric acid.
		In the cumene process, phenol and acetone are produced in equimolar amounts, so the economics of the process depends on the marketability of acetone.
	www.cmt.anl.gov /science-technology/basicsci/one-step-phenol.shtml (664 words)

	Literature:
		Accordingly, the corresponding mechanisms of the oxidation of azo-bis-iso-butyro-nitrile (AIBN) and of AIBN-induced oxidation of cumene have been investigated in both cases in the presence of DMPO, in chlorobenzene solvent and at 60
		Due to the rather complex nature of the overall processes, a hierarchical approach was used for the quantitative treatment of the reaction mechanism.
		The numerical solution of the non-linear differential equations corresponding to the mechanisms included in separate subsets and their analysis was carried out by the computer code KINAL [5].
	www.photobiology.com /photobiology2000/gal (1341 words)

	Cumeme (USA) Price Report - Chemical pricing information - ICIS-LOR
		The March formula-based contract price was calculated at 50.34 cts/lb, referenced to March settlements of raw materials benzene at USD 3.75/gal FOB and refinery grade propylene at 39.00 cts/lb delivered.
		Cumene supplies remained tight, with no availability for spot sales, said a major producer.
		In production news, a Corpus Christi cumene plant on a two-week turnaround was back online, according to company sources. Another Corpus Christi plant was scheduled for a maintenance shutdown in April, according to market sources.
	www.icislor.com /il_shared/Samples/SubPage159.asp (508 words)

	Business Wire: Raytheon licenses Cumene Technology for Ertisa ... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Mobil/Badger cumene technology is licensed by Raytheon Engineers & Constructors' Badger Technology Center in Cambridge, Mass.
		Cumene is an important commodity chemical used in the production of resins and plastics.
		Ertisa owns and operates the cumene plant, which feeds an adjacent phenol plant.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:19440006&refid=ink_tptd_g1 (449 words)

	Chevron Announces Approval of Cumene Modernization Project at Port Arthur, Texas, Plant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The project will increase the cumene capacity of the unit from 450 million pounds to 1 billion pounds per year.
		The added capacity will not only strengthen our position in the cumene market, but also plays an important role in the facility's long-term stability," added Jim Telljohann, business manager.
		The modernized plant will utilize the UOP Q-Max process for cumene production, which uses a regenerable zeolite catalyst that significantly reduces raw material consumption and improves cumene product quality.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/45383&EDATE= (298 words)

	Innovative Air Pollution Control Solutions for Chemical Industry: Cumene Plant
		An East Coast chemical plant that manufactures phenol, acetone and alphametyl styrene from cumene planned to install an air pollution control system to control the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during their chemical production process.
		Phenol is consumed internally as an intermediate chemical while acetone and alphametyl styrene are sold off.
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	www.environmental-expert.com /articles/article119/cumene.htm (454 words)

	NOVAPEX phenol, acetone, cumene, alpha-methyl-styrene, allylic alcohol
		NOVAPEX produces and commercializes phenol, cumene, acetone, alpha-methyl-styrene and allylic alcohol for plastics industry, textiles (polyamide) and the pharmaceutical industry Phenol and derivatives In terms of volume, the plastics industry is the primary consumer of NOVAPEX products including phenol, acetone and alpha-methyl-styrene.
		Cumene is used as a raw material for preparing crop protection chemicals NOVAPEX produit et commercialise le phénol, le cumène, l’acétone, l’alpha-méthyl-styrène et l’alcool allylique pour l’industrie des matières plastiques, textile et pharmaceutique L’industrie des matières plastiques constitue le premier client du phénol, de l’acétone et de l’alpha-méthyl-styrène.
		Because of its high reactivity, this molecule is appreciated by Chemists, for use as a synthesis and cross-linking agent in polymerization.
	www.novacap.biz /novacap_novapex_en.html (486 words)

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